• Their findings plot the evolutionary relationships of 150 different species of plants based on advanced genome-wide analysis of gene structure and function. (nyu.edu)
  • This new approach, called "functional phylogenomics," allows scientists to reconstruct the pattern of events that led to the vast number of plant species and could help identify genes used to improve seed quality for agriculture. (nyu.edu)
  • Ever since Darwin first described the 'abominable mystery' behind the rapid explosion of flowering plants in the fossil record, evolutionary biologists have been trying to understand the genetic and genomic basis of the astounding diversity of plant species," said Rob DeSalle, a corresponding author on the paper and a curator in the Museum's Division of Invertebrate Zoology who conducts research at the Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics. (nyu.edu)
  • The group selected 150 representative species from all of the major seed plant groups to include in the study. (nyu.edu)
  • The species span from the flowering variety-peanuts and dandelions, for example-to non-flowering cone plants like spruce and pine. (nyu.edu)
  • In our novel approach, we create the phylogeny based on all the genes in a genome, and then use the phylogeny to identify which genes provide positive support for the divergence of species. (nyu.edu)
  • Eukaryote hybrid genomes result from interspecific hybridization, where closely related species mate and produce offspring with admixed genomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two main variants of hybrid species genomes: allopolyploid, which have one full chromosome set from each parent species, and homoploid, which are a mosaic of the parent species genomes with no increase in chromosome number. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus hybrid genomes are highly dynamic and may undergo rapid evolutionary change, including genome stabilization in which selection against incompatible combinations results in fixation of compatible ancestry block combinations within the hybrid species. (wikipedia.org)
  • The article summarizes how introgressed alleles or hybrid species can establish and how the resulting hybrid genomes evolve. (wikipedia.org)
  • We needed to sequence the avocado genome to make the species accessible to modern genomic-assisted breeding efforts," says Luis Herrera-Estrella, President's Distinguished Professor of Plant Genomics at Texas Tech University, who conceived of the study and completed much of the work at LANGEBIO, where he is emeritus professor, prior to joining Texas Tech University. (buffalo.edu)
  • The avocado belongs to a relatively small group of plants called magnoliids, which diverged from other flowering plant species about 150 million years ago. (buffalo.edu)
  • We used genome-wide polymorphisms of the plant species Arabidopsis thaliana to identify genotype pairs that enhance associational resistance to herbivory. (biorxiv.org)
  • To disentangle the genetic architecture of such traits, natural variation within species can be explored by studying genotype-phenotype relationships. (nih.gov)
  • We obtained entire nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes for 15 species representing all major clades of Ficus . (nature.com)
  • In order to better understand the genomic forces driving the evolution of Echinochloa species toward weed and crop characteristics, we assemble genomes of three Echinochloa species (allohexaploid E. crus-galli and E. colona , and allotetraploid E. oryzicola ) and re-sequence 737 accessions of barnyard grasses and millets from 16 rice-producing countries. (nature.com)
  • Our results provide genomic insights into the dual roles of Echinochloa species as weeds and crops as well as essential resources for studying plant polyploidization, adaptation, precision weed control and millet improvements. (nature.com)
  • Owing to their highly plastic plant architecture and morphological similarities across the genus, barnyard grass species are very difficult to delimit on the basis of morphological criteria. (nature.com)
  • Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most destructive necrotrophic fungal pathogens that infect more than 500 plant species throughout the world. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To overcome the host plant defense response, M. phaseolina encodes a significant number of P450s, MFS type membrane transporters, glycosidases, transposases, and secondary metabolites in comparison to all sequenced ascomycete species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Early plant breeders domesticated useful species and unintentionally promoted domestication traits, such as reduced shattering in maize (Stitzer and Ross-Ibarra 2018 ) and grain composition in rice (Kovach et al. (springer.com)
  • This is the first time researchers have identified specific genomic regions that have changed in response to natural selection to allow the plant species to adapt to new climatic conditions. (phys.org)
  • This is promising for other plant species on a planet with rapid climate change, since it will allow more rapid adaptation," adds Professor Schierup. (phys.org)
  • Smaller amounts of transposons than found in other plant species could lead to slower evolution of the chocolate plant, which was shown to have a relatively simple evolutionary history in terms of genome structure. (phys.org)
  • The hybrid-derived plants apparently have completely eliminated the ancestral species from California. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The same search parameters were applied to reveal the SSR content of 14 other plant species for which genome sequence is available. (researchgate.net)
  • We really want to leverage the know-how we get from American academia to help us speed up the process of creating from nothing a commercial species that can be planted on millions of acres in the next 10 to 15 years," Panter said. (uga.edu)
  • The GASA/GAST gene family is found in a variety of plant species and includes a signal peptide at the N-terminus and a conserved domain with 12 cysteine residues known as the GASA domain (PF02704) at the C-terminus, [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • First, plant species would have been severely depleted, with many becoming extinct. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Methods: We morphologically evaluated 155 herbarium specimens of three Mentha species and sequenced the genomes of a subset of 93 specimens. (lu.se)
  • Conclusions: Although hybridization, allopolyploidization, and human selection during cultivation can increase species richness (e.g., by forming hybrid taxa), we showed that unless reproductive barriers are strong, these processes can also result in mixing of genes between species and the potential loss of natural biodiversity. (lu.se)
  • Therefore, our study systems often include multiple plant- and insect species that form small interaction networks. (lu.se)
  • Many insect species are undergoing rapid population decline in recent decades due to anthropogenic changes to natural landscapes and climate. (lu.se)
  • The research, performed by members of the New York Plant Genomics Consortium, was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Plant Genome Program to identify the genes that caused the evolution of seeds, a trait of important economic interest. (nyu.edu)
  • Hybrids represent the merging of divergent genomes and thus face problems arising from incompatible combinations of genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you can identify the genes that control resistance, and if you know where they are in the genome, you can try to change their regulation. (buffalo.edu)
  • Quantitative traits in plants are controlled by a large number of genes and their interaction with the environment. (nih.gov)
  • These genes were analyzed for functional and sequence diversity, and good indications that natural allelic variation in many of these genes contributes to phenotypic variation were obtained. (nih.gov)
  • Mar. 22, 2021 Using an improved version of the gene editing tool CRISPR/Cas9, researchers knocked out up to twelve genes in plants in a single blow. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We don't really know much about why the genes do this as we are still very weak in our knowledge of how our genome works. (stackexchange.com)
  • I will identify candidate Na+-sensor genes through a natural genetic variation screen for the Na+-specific inhibition bending of the root in response to gravity (WP1). (europa.eu)
  • Further, 21 candidate genes within three potentially novel QTLs were identified, they were mainly involved in the regulation of phytohormone, cell division and proliferation, meristem development, plant or organ development, and carbohydrate transport. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The researchers assembled 84 percent of the genome identifying 28,798 genes that code for proteins. (phys.org)
  • They hope that mapping these gene families will lead to a source of genes directly involved in variations in the plant that are useful for acceleration of plant breeding programs. (phys.org)
  • The researchers identified two types of disease resistance genes in the Criollo genome. (phys.org)
  • The team suggests that a functional genomics approach, one that looks at what the genes do, is needed to confirm potential disease resistant genes in the Criollo genome. (phys.org)
  • Hidden in the genome the researchers also found genes that code for the production of cocoa butter, a substance highly prized in chocolate making, confectionary, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. (phys.org)
  • Other genes were found that influence the production of flavonoids, natural antioxidants and terpenoids, hormones, pigments and aromas. (phys.org)
  • Here, we use a computational approach to perform genome-wide identification and analysis of 611 orthologues of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering genes. (springer.com)
  • Conservation of the genes belonging to the photoperiod, gibberellin and autonomous pathways was observed, while orthologues of the key genes found in the vernalisation pathway (FRI, FLC) were absent from the quinoa genome. (springer.com)
  • Flowering is governed by external and internal cues which are communicated to the plant through a complex network of flowering genes (Andrés and Coupland 2012 ). (springer.com)
  • The next step is to determine which pieces of DNA are diagnostic of genes that can make the plant an even better biofuel crop. (uga.edu)
  • The gibberellic acid-stimulated Arabidopsis ( GASA ) family genes play critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Complete genome sequence of an Israeli isolate of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. (tau.ac.il)
  • They found variation in the genome sequence in and around the FLC gene itself. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Professor Donnison said "Cracking the genome sequence has huge implications. (ukri.org)
  • 2003 ). In 2017, the first chromosome-scale reference genome sequence of quinoa was published, and it has provided the much-needed resource for plant biologists to design molecular breeding and crop improvement programs for quinoa (Jarvis et al. (springer.com)
  • The genome sequence of quinoa serves as an entry point for deciphering the complex molecular pathways that contribute to floral evocation. (springer.com)
  • The human pangenome is a more comprehensive framework that aims to account for genomic variation across human populations, thereby reducing biases that can come with the use of a single reference human genome sequence. (genome.gov)
  • The recently acquired genome sequence of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. (researchgate.net)
  • Natural variation within populations may be due to differences at the level of DNA sequence or epigenetic differences which control genome expression. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Aug. 23, 2023 New research suggests that natural selection, famous for rewarding advantageous differences in organisms, can also preserve similarities. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Genetic and physical mapping of oat adult plant resistance loci against Puccinia coronata f. sp. (usda.gov)
  • The application of genomic prediction models that take into account the effects of all individual loci may greatly enhance the elucidation of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits in plants. (nih.gov)
  • For my Ph.D., I shifted my focus to the genetic and evolutionary aspects of small populations in a project on genetic drift and mating system variation in a South American aquatic plant. (uoguelph.ca)
  • To understand these relationships we focus mainly on plant genetic systems, those reproductive attributes that govern mutation, gamete formation, pollination, fertilization, and organization of genetic diversity in populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The last decade has seen remarkable advances in plant virological research, owing mainly to the rapid progress made in molecular biology and genetic engineering in recent years. (routledge.com)
  • So, as new evolutionary optima have been set by environmental changes (e.g., domestication, management practices, biotic or abiotic pressures) or major shifts in genetic background, plant breeders have selected better-adapted genotypes while pursuing faster genetic gains through technological innovations and scientific breakthroughs. (springer.com)
  • Has natural occuring genetic insertion ever been observed in direct offspring of some organism? (stackexchange.com)
  • I will use an innovative approach combining genome-wide genetic screens in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana with dedicated biochemical assays. (europa.eu)
  • Researchers led by Professor Caroline Dean have uncovered the genetic basis for variations in the vernalization response shown by plants growing in very different climates, linking epigenetic mechanisms with evolutionary change. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Using a combination of field experiments and genome sequencing, the researchers were able to infer the colonisation history of L. japonicus in Japan and identify areas in the genome where plant populations adapted to warm and cold climates , respectively, showed extreme genetic differentiation. (phys.org)
  • Professor Mikkel Heide Schierup states: "One of the great questions of evolutionary biology is how natural selection can lead to genetic adaptation to new environments, and here we directly observed an example of this in Lotus japonicus . (phys.org)
  • The rapid adaptation of L. japonicus to widely different climates indicates that genetic variation underlying the adaptations was already present before plant colonisation. (phys.org)
  • Our analysis of the Criollo genome has uncovered the genetic basis of pathways leading to the most important quality traits of chocolate -- oil, flavonoid and terpene biosynthesis," said Siela Maximova, associate professor of horticulture, Penn State, and a member of the research team. (phys.org)
  • Interestingly, only 20 percent of the genome was made up of transposable elements, one of the natural pathways through which genetic sequences change," said Guiltinan "They do this by moving around the chromosomes, changing the order of the genetic material. (phys.org)
  • After doing a morphological study of the three types of plants, they performed modern population genetic analysis, using a sophisticated analytical tool developed in the last five years to determine the radishes' genetic makeup. (sciencedaily.com)
  • What we are doing right now is taking the same individual plants that were used in the genetic map and measuring their height, flowering time, the size of their stalks, the dimensions of their leaves and how far they have spread from where they were planted," said Paterson, who is also a member of the Bioenergy Systems Research Institute. (uga.edu)
  • Mendel distributes plants and plant seed that have been enhanced through genetic research to farmers and other industry partners for bioenergy crop production. (uga.edu)
  • With the genetic map, they can select the best plant varieties at the molecular level much more rapidly. (uga.edu)
  • Genome Insider: Methane Makers in Yosemite's Lakes Meet researchers who sampled the microbial communities living in the mountaintop lakes of the Sierra Nevada mountains to see how climate change affects freshwater ecosystems, and how those ecosystems work. (doe.gov)
  • But with two projects, communities are forming to generate high quality genomes to benefit researchers. (doe.gov)
  • In many crops, genome engineering techniques have enabled researchers and breeders to take advantage of a vast knowledge base of plant physiology, pathology, and genetics. (frontiersin.org)
  • Mar. 1, 2022 Researchers have discovered orf137, the gene underlying male sterility in a strain of tomato plant, CMS tomato. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The plant must have a way of 'remembering' how much cold weather it has endured and in 2011 the researchers uncovered the mechanism plants use. (jic.ac.uk)
  • The researchers studied the plant Lotus japonicus , which -- with relatively limited genomic changes -- has been able to adapt to diverse Japanese climates ranging from subtropical to temperate. (phys.org)
  • Researchers create reference human genome sequences to help detect genomic variants in each sequenced human genome. (genome.gov)
  • Athens, Ga. -- Researchers at the University of Georgia have taken a major step in the ongoing effort to find sources of cleaner, renewable energy by mapping the genomes of two originator cells of Miscanthus x giganteus, a large perennial grass with promise as a source of ethanol and bioenergy. (uga.edu)
  • Without the map, researchers and breeders must go out into farmland and take thousands of measurements of plant characteristics in many different locations to determine which plants have the greatest potential as the beginnings of a biofuel crop. (uga.edu)
  • As one of the most toxic elements on the planet, mercury can cause both visible injuries and physiological disorders in plants," the researchers write. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • Much of our research pertains to the evolution of organelle or endosymbiont genomes and how the multiple genomic compartments that co-exist within eukaryotes interact to define basic cell function. (google.com)
  • At the same time, they showed that some of these genomic regions were strongly associated with plant winter survival and flowering. (phys.org)
  • The differences among human genomes are called genomic variants. (genome.gov)
  • Most genomic variants have no influence on the functioning of a person's genome, but a small subset of variants do have an impact. (genome.gov)
  • We analyzed the whole genomes in a population and the phylogenetic framework and associated genomic classifications in conjunction with the morphological assessments. (lu.se)
  • Genetically diverse populations can increase plant resistance to natural enemies. (biorxiv.org)
  • degree in which I investigated the biology of submerged aquatic plants and focused my interests on the ecology of small, isolated plant populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • My research and that of my lab group is focused on the ecology and genetics of plant populations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Our methods involve field sampling of natural populations, crossing designs, genome editing, mitochondrial and plastid physiology, and computational biology. (google.com)
  • Intraspecific trait variation within natural populations (i.e. intra-population trait variation, IPTV) is the basic source for selection and can have significant ecological consequences. (osti.gov)
  • However, the reciprocal influences of variation in environmental conditions and phenotypic trait expression in spreading plant populations are not clearly defined. (osti.gov)
  • A generally north to south spreading direction was found in these B. hybridum populations, towards a drier and warmer climate exhibiting higher moisture deficit for plant growth. (osti.gov)
  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful tool to identify loci associated to target traits based on linkage disequilibrium (LD) using natural populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this case, the different climates have resulted in distinct plant populations adapted to their own local environments. (phys.org)
  • Epialleles can influence plant phenotype and so may affect the fitness of plants in wild populations as well as influence crop breeding programmes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • How does natural selection act in the wild and will populations adapt to environmental change? (lu.se)
  • This module will focus on how biologists document and quantify phenotypic variation, natural selection, and adaptive change in natural populations. (lu.se)
  • This review highlights diverse strategies to deliver CRISPR/Cas gene editing reagents to regenerable plant cells and to recover edited plants without unwanted integration of transgenes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The announcement in 2020 that the complex genome of Miscanthus had been sequenced for the first time was a huge leap forward. (ukri.org)
  • Here, we discuss approaches to avoid this curse of dimensionality ( n ≪ p ), which will involve analyzing intermediate phenotypes such as molecular traits and component traits related to plant morphology or physiology. (springer.com)
  • 2007 ). Early domestication phases were followed by long periods of deliberate selection for increased performance, probably involving mass selection for traits with a complex polygenic basis, such as plant environmental adaptations and yield (Breeding 1.2). (springer.com)
  • Just as strains of plants vary for traits like seed color or fruit size, they also vary in the defense compounds that they make. (utah.edu)
  • Geneticists can also use other methods to introduce new traits into crop plants. (utah.edu)
  • Here, we identified loci associated to multi-environmental yield-related traits under stripe rust stress in 244 wheat accessions from Sichuan Province through genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 44,059 polymorphic markers from the 55 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And Associate Professor Stig Uggerhøj Andersen adds: "Yes, and it is fascinating that we have identified specific traits, including winter survival, that have been under selection during plant local adaptation to contrasting climates. (phys.org)
  • Genome sequencing paves the way for customising Miscanthus through follow-up research, for example enabling prediction of crop traits from seedlings. (ukri.org)
  • We investigate the direct effects of polyploidization on phenotypic traits of importance for plant-insect interactions (e.g. floral scent and morphology), using different ploidy-types of the plant Lithophragma bolanderi as model. (lu.se)
  • The sequences of the plants' genomes-all of the biological information needed to build and maintain an organism, encoded in DNA-were either culled from pre-existing databases or generated, in the field and at the New York Botanical Garden in the Bronx, from live specimens. (nyu.edu)
  • The research presented here improved U. maydis genome annotation through the analysis of cDNA library sequences and comparative genomics. (trentu.ca)
  • In addition, the landraces are being assayed with new mapped microsatellite markers developed from ESTs, BAC-end sequences, and public markers selected from 23 of the 26 chromosomes of the cotton genome. (usda.gov)
  • This project will namely revise formerly observed patterns taking in to the account phylogenetic dependence of observed characters in the design and statistical analyses of experiments, and will test possible limitation of polyploids and larger genomes in phosphorus deficient environments hypothesized recently by Leitch & Leitch (2008) in Science. (muni.cz)
  • Genome-wide association analyses of leaf rust resistance in cultivated emmer wheat. (usda.gov)
  • Genome-wide association studies that link phenotypes to thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism markers are nowadays common practice for such analyses. (nih.gov)
  • Further, the cDNA library analyses identified non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and natural antisense transcripts (NATs). (trentu.ca)
  • In addition, we performed genome-wide stratified and interaction analyses by gender, smoking and airway obstruction status, and assessed associations between gene expression and methylation for genome-wide significant CpGs (n=2802). (bmj.com)
  • The first high-quality genome assembly of the globe artichoke has been produced within the Compositae Genome Project and the resequencing analyses of four globe artichoke genotypes, representative of the core varietal types, as well as a genotype of the related taxa cultivated cardoon was, later on, carried out. (researchgate.net)
  • For Chlamydomonas, we use highly synchronized cultures in flat panel bioreactors to generate multi-layered genome-wide datasets anchored to physiology to dissect daily metabolic rhythms and patterns. (berkeley.edu)
  • check the tag ADOLESCENCE HN - 2008 BX - Nutrition in Adolescence FX - Adolescent Nutrition Physiology MH - Peritoneal Stomata UI - D054048 MN - A01.047.025.600.700 MN - A10.810 MS - Natural openings in the subdiaphragmatic lymphatic plexus in the PERITONEUM, delimited by adjacent mesothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • I must add another point here: some evolutionists place recombination in this list, but recombination is sexual mixing and once again cannot add any data to the genome. (stackexchange.com)
  • Recombination just takes the genome and mixes what is there. (stackexchange.com)
  • Diversification requires processes that generate diversity (mutation, recombination) and processes that filter this diversity (drift, natural selection). (lu.se)
  • 2016 ). Whether quinoa is a short-day or day-neutral plant is still under debate (Curti et al. (springer.com)
  • and (iii) differences in growth performances of plants with different genome sizes (including comparison of diploid and tetraploid counterparts) in deficient sites using manipulative experiments. (muni.cz)
  • The use of anchored portable mapped molecular markers will characterize genome diversity and structural differences within or between cotton landraces and also illustrate how selection has shaped molecular and phenotypic variation in wild and cultivated cotton. (usda.gov)
  • There are multiple types of variants in human genomes, ranging from small differences to large differences. (genome.gov)
  • IBERS insights are contributing to breakthroughs such as sequencing the crop's genome for the first time. (ukri.org)
  • Scientists at NYU's Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, the American Museum of Natural History, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, and the New York Botanical Garden have created the largest genome-based tree of life for seed plants to date. (nyu.edu)
  • Silver Age of GOLD Introduces New Features The Genomes OnLine Database makes curated microbiome metadata that follows community standards freely available and enables large-scale comparative genomics analysis initiatives. (doe.gov)
  • In parallel, I will follow a chemical genomics approach to find novel compounds that impair Na+ sensing, and their target proteins in plants (WP2). (europa.eu)
  • In particular, we investigate how a mixture of natural selection and non-adaptive forces create and maintain the amazing diversity in genome size, structure, and function that exists across the tree of life. (google.com)
  • The IBERS research led to the ability to produce plants from seeds, which keeps costs down and increases crop diversity. (ukri.org)
  • Increased understanding of plant genetics and the development of powerful and easier-to-use gene editing tools over the past century have revolutionized humankind's ability to deliver precise genotypes in crops. (frontiersin.org)
  • They don't mean [this]( en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insertion_(genetics)) , do they? (stackexchange.com)
  • The research would have many strands and the long pedigree of IBERS in grass science, not least its understanding of the importance of plant genetics, made it a natural leader. (ukri.org)
  • This meant the plants they grew had exactly the same genetics as their parents and the same ability to produce lots of biomass. (ukri.org)
  • The documented instances of extinction by hybridization in which both parents are replaced by the hybrid are rare," said Subray G. Hegde, the lead author of the paper and a postgraduate research geneticist who, in 2001, joined the research group of Norman C. Ellstrand, professor of genetics in UCR's Department of Botany and Plant Sciences. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Kim's work-and the Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory-is led by Andrew Paterson, a Distinguished Research Professor who falls under the UGA departments of genetics and plant biology in the Franklin College of Arts and Sciences and crop and soil sciences in the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. (uga.edu)
  • These epigenetic changes are then passed on to daughter cells during the rest of the plants developmental cycle. (jic.ac.uk)
  • In new research published in the journal Science , Professor Dean's team have worked out how different plants set the level at which this epigenetic switch is triggered. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Genome duplication above the diploid state (a.k.a. polyploidy) is widespread among plants and animals and is particularly common in flowering plants and ferns. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Yet, beneficial genotype pairs remain elusive due to the occurrence of both positive and negative effects of mixed planting on plant resistance, called associational resistance and susceptibility. (biorxiv.org)
  • Fine cocoa production is estimated to be less than 5 percent of the world cocoa production because of low productivity and disease susceptibility," said Guiltinan, professor of plant molecular biology. (phys.org)
  • Overall, barnyard grasses are excellent resources or systems for understanding plant tolerance to stress, due to their high adaptability to artificial and wild environments. (nature.com)
  • Here, we propose that during invasion, IPTV and its relative change in response to key resource enrichment may increase with the resource deficit of invaded sites, and that this relationship may facilitate plant invasions into resource-limited environments. (osti.gov)
  • I am interested in understanding how plants and their interactors (pollinators, seed predators, herbivores) respond to changing environments. (lu.se)
  • While microbial biosynthesis presents compelling alternatives to traditional approaches based on extraction from natural plant hosts, many challenges exist in the reconstruction of plant specialized metabolic pathways in microbial hosts. (aiche.org)
  • My laboratory has developed approaches to address the challenges that arise in the reconstruction of complex biosynthesis schemes, including spatial engineering strategies to direct the activities and specificities of pathway enzymes and recoding strategies to address folding, processing, and stability issues that may arise with the expression of plant enzymes in heterologous microbial hosts. (aiche.org)
  • For each organism, we have high quality chromosome-level genome assemblies, and transcript-based structural annotations. (berkeley.edu)
  • In plants, the most dramatic form of mutation is polyploidization, the duplication of the chromosome set. (lu.se)
  • Insertion/deletion variants reflect extra or missing DNA nucleotides in the genome, respectively, and typically involve fewer than 50 nucleotides. (genome.gov)
  • These projects involve genome sequencing and assembly, phylogenomics and bioinformatics. (berkeley.edu)
  • IBERS experts regularly visited south-east Asia, working with local partners to collect samples in accordance with strict ethical standards, enabling plants to be grown and hybrids developed in the UK. (ukri.org)
  • In 2019, licences were signed for the most promising hybrids, which have also been planted in commercial trials across Europe. (ukri.org)
  • Therefore, we assessed associations between occupational exposure to pesticides and genome-wide DNA methylation sites. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusions We show for the first time that occupational exposure to pesticides is genome-wide associated with differential DNA methylation. (bmj.com)
  • Changsoo Kim, a postdoctoral research associate in the UGA Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, identified a set of approximately 600 bits of Miscanthus DNA that can serve as diagnostic tools. (uga.edu)
  • The M. phaseolina genome provides a framework of the infection process at the cytological and molecular level which uses a diverse arsenal of enzymatic and toxin tools to destroy the host plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here you'll find new and useful information about plant molecular virology and how the field can improve the world food situation in the coming years. (routledge.com)
  • Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens is the only book to bring you all of this information--22 chapters--in a single volume, compiled by specialists around the globe! (routledge.com)
  • With helpful illustrations, photos, figures, models that explain viral mechanisms, and easy-to-understand reference tables, Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens will stimulate your thinking on this fascinating area of plant science! (routledge.com)
  • In 2008 the project involved identifying LTR Retrotransposons in a plant of choice (tomato, broccoli, Asparagus, maize, and Striga). (ucr.edu)
  • All students worked on mining the newly sequenced maize genome for several families of DNA TEs. (ucr.edu)
  • The potential for rapid adaptation or speciation makes hybrid genomes a particularly exciting subject in evolutionary biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our teaching promotes active, inquiry-based practical training that takes advantage of the Department's world-leading research on the evolutionary biology of microbes, plants and animals. (lu.se)
  • In these networks, we study plant and insect trait evolution, and the role of trait diversification for gene flow and local adaptation. (lu.se)
  • Polyploidy is recurrent across the tree of life and known as an evolutionary driving force in plant diversification and crop domestication. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tracing the Evolution of Shiitake Mushrooms Understanding Lentinula genomes and their evolution could provide strategies for converting plant waste into sugars for biofuel production. (doe.gov)
  • My interest in plant population biology and evolution developed early in life through many hours of hiking and working in the Rocky Mountains of Canada. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Our research currently focuses on two aspects of plant reproduction: the evolution of self-fertilization versus cross-fertilization (mating system), and the adaptive significance of dichogamy (temporal separation of male and female function). (uoguelph.ca)
  • This perspective article considers technologies that have contributed to the evolution of plant breeding and focuses on innovations that will shape its future, amid a growing world population and changing climate. (springer.com)
  • Polyploidization is important to the evolution of plants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Plant transformation techniques are well developed for making transgenic varieties in certain crops and model organisms, yet reagent delivery and plant regeneration remain key bottlenecks to applying the technology of gene editing to most crops. (frontiersin.org)
  • Typical plant transformation protocols to produce transgenic, genetically modified (GM) varieties rely on transgenes, chemical selection, and tissue culture. (frontiersin.org)
  • This phase is characterized by the development of methods for biological design of plant varieties, including transformation and gene editing techniques directed toward causal loci. (springer.com)
  • Through traditional breeding, geneticists can breed crop plants by performing crosses among natural plant varieties. (utah.edu)
  • Finally, mutant varieties of sensors will be introduced in the economically relevant crop plant tomato, to provide proof-of-concept for improving salt tolerance by modulating sensor function and implementation in crop improvement programs (WP5). (europa.eu)
  • Different plants have different vernalization requirements, as the length of winter cold they experience varies with geography and climate. (jic.ac.uk)
  • We incorporated a genotyping-by-sequencing approach, a common garden experiment that had two water level treatments, and public plant and climate databases. (osti.gov)
  • It is an open question how we can ensure that our crop plants remain productive in a changing climate. (phys.org)
  • Plants are confronted with similar climate adaptation challenges when colonising new regions, as climate conditions can change quickly across latitudes and landscapes. (phys.org)
  • Despite the relevance of the question, there is very limited basic scientific insight into how plants tackle this challenge and adapt to local climate conditions. (phys.org)
  • I am also interested in understanding how alpine plant communities respond to climate change. (lu.se)
  • Although the impact of climate on fungal infections is not fully understood, there are several ways that changes in the environment can lead to changes in fungi, where fungi live, and how fungi interact with humans, animals, and plants. (cdc.gov)
  • 2009): Haplotype divergence in Beta vulgaris and microsynteny with sequenced plant genomes. (boku.ac.at)
  • it will reveal how plant responses to salinity stress are driven, and ultimately what is required to cope with salinity. (europa.eu)
  • The project aims to develop a co-ordinated strategy for the early detection of Phytophthora pathogens in plant nurseries and traded plants for planting across EU and third countries in order to inform best practice, complement phytosanitary regulation and to enhance engagement on Plant Health with traders operating in different countries. (forestresearch.gov.uk)
  • With permission from both patients, in June 2022, the Mississippi State Department of Health and CDC collected environmental samples (soil, water, plant matter) from the patients' properties and nearby areas they frequented and household products. (cdc.gov)
  • Plants exhibit a bewildering array of breeding systems, reflected by variation in gender, floral form and display, mechanisms of pollen transfer, and pathways of fertilization and seed maturation. (uoguelph.ca)
  • The Lov-1 variety needs 9 weeks of cold to achieve the same, a natural variation to cope with the longer winters at northern latitudes. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Quantitative modulation of polycomb silencing underlies natural variation in vernalization. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Previous studies suggested that such hairy nettles evolved under natural selection imposed by intense deer browsing, because stinging hairs deterred deer browsing and because among-population variation in hair density was associated with deer abundance. (researchgate.net)
  • Before accepting the analogy between operant conditioning and natural selection, it is necessary to understand the laws of variation and retention of behavior and to explain how this sensitivity occurs and how it affects behavior. (bvsalud.org)
  • Using genome-wide analysis, 20 GASA s were identified in lettuce including, three groups of LsGASA proteins based on the phylogenetic analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Beyond neodarwinist synthesis, the Experimental Analysis of Behavior still does not have a biological basis for the test of the Skinner hypothesis about the selection of operant behavior as an analogue of natural selection. (bvsalud.org)
  • We planted such pairs with predicted associational resistance in mixtures and monocultures and found a significant reduction in herbivore damage in the mixtures. (biorxiv.org)
  • Genome-wide association study of host resistance to Hessian fly in barley. (usda.gov)
  • The application of such technologies will require to reliably estimate the effect of loci in plant genomes by avoiding the situation where the number of loci assayed ( p ) surpasses the number of plant genotypes ( n ). (springer.com)
  • U. maydis is the model to study basidiomycete biotrophic plant-pathogen interactions. (trentu.ca)
  • The biosynthesis and release of allelochemicals (e.g., benzoxazinoid and momilactone) allow barnyard grasses to suppress the growth of surrounding plants (including crops) and to resist pathogen attack 8 , 9 . (nature.com)
  • Further understanding of the M. phaseolina genome-based plant-pathogen interactions will be instrumental in designing rational strategies for disease control, essential to ensuring global agricultural crop production and security. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It will serve as valuable resource for plant biologists, crop physiologists and breeders to facilitate further research and establishment of modern breeding programs for quinoa. (springer.com)
  • Kim and Paterson's work will allow breeders to build on Miscanthus' natural strengths and remove some of its weaknesses. (uga.edu)
  • In contrast, plant biologists recognized early on that hybridization can sometimes be an important evolutionary force, contributing to increasing biodiversity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its prevalence in plants (and absence in many animals) has long puzzled biologists and recent mathematical models still argue that polyploidy should rarely evolve in sexual organisms with non-overlapping generations. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Scientists have sequenced the avocado genome, shedding light on the ancient origins of this buttery fruit and laying the groundwork for future improvements to farming. (buffalo.edu)
  • The production of high quality chocolate, and the farmers who grow it, will benefit from the recent sequencing and assembly of the chocolate tree genome, according to an international team led by Claire Lanaud of CIRAD, France, with Mark Guiltinan of Penn State, and including scientists from 18 other institutions. (phys.org)
  • Farmers have been using naturally occurring compounds-such as pyrethrins from Chrysanthemum flowers or nicotine from tobacco-for centuries to kill insects on crop plants, or even head lice on humans. (utah.edu)
  • Some pesticide compounds occur naturally in plants. (utah.edu)
  • It is difficult to control M. phaseolina due to its persistence as sclerotia in the soil and plant debris [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A major gap in our knowledge of how plants respond to soil salinity is their initial perception of sodium (Na+) ions. (europa.eu)
  • contact between damaged (non-intact) skin and contaminated soil or water is the most frequent route for natural infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Our results suggest a role for interactions between IPTV (rather than trait means) and environmental resource availability in promoting plant invasions, providing new insights into the significance of IPTV in shaping plant geographic distributions. (osti.gov)
  • These synthetic biology platforms will lead to transformative advances in natural product discovery, drug development, and production. (aiche.org)
  • We have utilized these strategies to develop yeast-based production platforms for an important class of plant alkaloids, the benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including the medicinal opioids. (aiche.org)
  • Classical biotechnology and up to date next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategies have been efficiently used to optimize plant-derived natural-products of biomedical significance. (mugen-noe.org)
  • Although NATs have been identified in a wide variety of mammals, plants, and fungi, very few have been functionally characterized. (trentu.ca)
  • Microbial Cell Factories invites you to read our collection featuring Microbial synthesis of natural products originating from medicinal plants and fungi . (biomedcentral.com)
  • The medicinal and nutritional value of medicinal plants and fungi are generally represented by the accumulation of bioactive molecules that are in large part constituted by secondary metabolites with anti-cancer, hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such bioactive compounds are found at low concentration in their natural sources, so that dissecting their biosynthetic pathways is of value for their production through heterologous biosynthesis in engineered prokaryotic microbes and fungi, such as E. coli and yeast. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The largest collections are vascular plants, but extensive collections also include algae, lichens, bryophytes and fungi. (lu.se)
  • 2015 ). The yield of a crop plant is majorly governed by flowering process as it is the first step towards seed formation. (springer.com)
  • That will leave farmers with tall, hearty plants that will yield the most biomass possible. (uga.edu)
  • Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Str. (mdpi.com)