Digested lipidsFatty acids and glycerolLipoproteinsLipoprotein lipaseRemnantsTriglycerideCholesterolApolipoproteinDisorder characterizedBloodstreamGolgiPrimarilyTissueLiverPlasmaForm a nascent chylomicronEnterocytesClearance of chylomicronsLipoproteinVLDLLipidApoB48IntestineMetabolismLymphParticlesCore
Digested lipids1
- It is important to note that, unlike digested carbohydrates (in the form of monosaccharides) and proteins (in the form of amino acids), digested lipids (in the form of chylomicrons) bypass the hepatic portal system, avoiding first pass metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Fatty acids and glycerol2
- Apo C-II activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which degrades the TAG in chylomicrons to fatty acids and glycerol. (pharmacy180.com)
- In the capillaries of adipose and muscle tissue, apoprotein C-II (apo C-II) on the chylomicron activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to convert 90% of chylomicron triglyceride to fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes and muscle cells for energy use or storage. (msdmanuals.com)
Lipoproteins3
- While circulating in blood, chylomicrons exchange components with high-density lipoproteins (HDL). (wikipedia.org)
- The plasma lipoproteins include chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) , low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). (pharmacy180.com)
- Once absorbed into enterocytes, they are reassembled into TGs and packaged with cholesterol into chylomicrons, the largest lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)
Lipoprotein lipase1
- Chylomicrons transport lipids absorbed from the intestine to adipose, cardiac, and skeletal muscle tissue, where their triglyceride components are hydrolyzed by the activity of the lipoprotein lipase, allowing the released free fatty acids to be absorbed by the tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Remnants2
- When a large portion of the triglyceride core has been hydrolyzed, chylomicron remnants are formed and are taken up by the liver, thereby also transferring dietary fat to the liver. (wikipedia.org)
- Cholesterol-rich chylomicron remnants then circulate back to the liver, where they are cleared in a process mediated by apoprotein E (apo E). (msdmanuals.com)
Triglyceride1
- Once triglyceride stores are distributed, the chylomicron returns APOC2 to the HDL (but keeps APOE), and, thus, becomes a chylomicron remnant, now only 30-50 nm. (wikipedia.org)
Cholesterol3
- These triglycerides, along with phospholipids and cholesterol, are added to apolipoprotein B48 to form immature chylomicrons. (wikipedia.org)
- Nascent chylomicrons are composed primarily of triglycerides (85%) and contain some cholesterol and cholesteryl esters. (wikipedia.org)
- Chylomicrons transport dietary TGs and cholesterol from within enterocytes through lymphatics into the circulation. (msdmanuals.com)
Apolipoprotein2
- The triglycerides are then combined with phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) to form a nascent chylomicron. (wikipedia.org)
- Each nascent chylomicron particle has one molecule of apolipoprotein (apo) B-48. (pharmacy180.com)
Disorder characterized2
- The hyperchylomicronemia syndrome is a disorder characterized by extreme hypertriglyceridemia, the presence of chylomicrons, and one or more of the following clinical manifestations: eruptive xanthomas, lipaemia retinalis, hepatosplenomegaly, recurrent abdominal pain, and/ or acute pancreatitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Type I is a rare disorder characterized by severe elevations in chylomicrons and extremely elevated triglycerides, always reaching well above 1000 mg/dL and not infrequently rising as high as 10,000 mg/dL or more. (medscape.com)
Bloodstream1
- Absorbed lipids are transported in chylomicrons via the lymphatic system into the bloodstream, where they reach the liver , peripheral tissues (which have LDL receptors ) and adipose tissue (storage). (amboss.com)
Golgi1
- Immature chylomicrons are transported from the smooth ER to the Golgi apparatus via SAR1B proteins, where they are processed, resulting in mature chylomicrons. (wikipedia.org)
Primarily1
- Chylomicrons are assembled in intestinal mucosal cells from dietary lipids (primarily TAG). (pharmacy180.com)
Tissue1
- From there, the chylomicrons supply the tissue with fat absorbed from the diet. (wikipedia.org)
Liver1
- ApoB48 and APOE are important to identify the chylomicron remnant in the liver for endocytosis and breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
Plasma1
- Patients with a deficiency of LPL or apo C-II show a dramatic accumulation of chylomicrons in the plasma (type I hyperlipoproteinemia, or familial LPL deficiency) even if fasted. (pharmacy180.com)
Form a nascent chylomicron1
- The triglycerides are then combined with phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) to form a nascent chylomicron. (wikipedia.org)
Enterocytes3
- Chylomicrons are formed in jejunal enterocytes. (acc.org)
- Once absorbed into enterocytes, they are reassembled into TGs and packaged with cholesterol into chylomicrons, the largest lipoproteins. (msdmanuals.com)
- Chylomicrons transport dietary TGs and cholesterol from within enterocytes through lymphatics into the circulation. (msdmanuals.com)
Clearance of chylomicrons3
- Among the most important metabolic derangements giving rise to impaired metabolism and clearance of chylomicrons and VLDLs are obesity, insulin resistance/metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (DM). (acc.org)
- It was shown that oxidized cholesterols markedly delay the clearance of chylomicrons from plasma compared to rats given TG alone, However, there was no difference in the clearance of chylomicrons containing oxidized cholesterols vs. purified cholesterol, although the presence of oxysterols did appear to exacerbate the removal of these particles from circulation. (edu.au)
- The impaired clearance of chylomicrons containing oxidized cholesterols was not due to impaired lipolysis and slower conversion to the remnant form. (edu.au)
Lipoprotein1
- The assembly of lipid and lipoprotein components into a chylomicron. (ppdictionary.com)
VLDL1
- Some of the lipid so released can then be repackaged into nascent VLDL particles and then secreted into the central circulation. (acc.org)
Lipid1
ApoB483
- A protein specific to chylomicrons is ApoB48. (wikipedia.org)
- ApoB48 and APOE are important to identify the chylomicron remnant in the liver for endocytosis and breakdown. (wikipedia.org)
- The key process in chylomicron synthesis is the intracellular association of apolipoprotein ApoB48, the structural protein of chylomicrons, with lipids [4]. (ppdictionary.com)
Intestine1
- Dietary oxidized cholesterols are absorbed through the intestine and incorporated into lymph chylomicrons. (edu.au)
Metabolism2
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidized cholesterols on the metabolism of nascent chylomicrons in vivo. (edu.au)
- In conclusion, dietary oxysterols appear to have the potential to adversely affect chylomicron metabolism. (edu.au)
Lymph1
- Mature chylomicrons are secreted through the basolateral membrane into the lacteals, where they join lymph to become chyle. (wikipedia.org)
Particles1
- Along the way, HDL particles transfer a variety of apoproteins (E, CI, CII, CIII) to these nascent chylomicrons. (acc.org)
Core1
- LL hydrolyzes triglycerides within the core of chylomicrons, thereby releasing free fatty acids, a readily oxidizable source of energy. (acc.org)