NaltrexoneMorphineNarcotic AntagonistsMorphine DependenceMorphine DerivativesAnalgesics, OpioidNarcoticsReceptors, Opioid, muNaloxoneDrug ToleranceReceptors, OpioidOpioid-Related DisordersSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeAlcoholismNalorphineNalbuphineHydromorphonePain MeasurementMethadyl AcetateHeroinHeroin DependenceAnalgesiaTaurineBuprenorphineDose-Response Relationship, DrugInjections, SpinalReceptors, Opioid, deltaDelayed-Action PreparationsEndorphinsEnkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-Alcohol AbstinenceDisulfiramTemperanceMorphinansReceptors, Opioid, kappaEnkephalinsAnalgesicsCodeinePainDouble-Blind MethodFentanylPain, PostoperativeBehavior, AddictiveRats, Sprague-DawleyOpioid PeptidesMethadoneOxycodoneEthanolDrug InteractionsPruritusMeperidineBehavior, AnimalPain ThresholdConditioning, Operantbeta-EndorphinDrug ImplantsButorphanolEuphoriaSheltered WorkshopsAnalgesia, Patient-ControlledDiprenorphineInjections, SubcutaneousAlcohol DrinkingPeriaqueductal GrayLevorphanolEtorphineSubstance Abuse DetectionTime FactorsAdministration, OralContractsGeorgia (Republic)PentazocineSelf AdministrationOpiate Substitution TreatmentAnalgesia, Epidural