Butorphanol (butorphanol tartrate injection) is a totally synthetic centrally acting, narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesic with potent antitussive activity. (nih.gov)
Each mL of Butorphanol contains 10 mg butorphanol base (as butorphanol tartrate), 3.3 mg citric acid, 6.4 mg sodium citrate, 4.7 mg sodium chloride, and 0.1 mg benzethonium chloride, q.s, with water for injection. (nih.gov)
Reproduction: Studies performed in mice and rabbits revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to butorphanol tartrate. (nih.gov)
Butorphanol (butorphanol tartrate injection) is indicated for the relief of pain associated with colic in adult horses and yearlings. (nih.gov)
Clinical studies in the horse have shown that butorphanol tartrate alleviates abdominal pain, associated with torsion, impaction, intussusception, spasmodic and tympanic colic, and postpartum pain. (nih.gov)
Each mL of DOLOREX contains 10 mg butorphanol base (as butorphanol tartrate, USP), 3.3 mg citric acid, Ph.Eur. (nih.gov)
Antagonist3
Butorphanol is a morphinan-type synthetic agonist-antagonist opioid analgesic developed by Bristol-Myers. (wikipedia.org)
The group includes drugs which act as an agonist or partial agonist at one receptor and an antagonist at another (pentazocine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, dezocine) and drugs acting as a partial agonist at a single receptor (buprenorphine). (nih.gov)
All three drugs are strong analgesics when given by injection: pentazocine is one-sixth to one-third as potent as morphine, nalbuphine is slightly less potent than morphine, and butorphanol is 3.5 to 7 times as potent. (nih.gov)
Torbugesic2
Within the INN, USAN, BAN, and AAN naming systems this drug is known as butorphanol, while within JAN it is named torbugesic. (wikipedia.org)
In veterinary anesthesia, butorphanol (trade name: Torbugesic) is widely used as a sedative and analgesic in dogs, cats and horses. (wikipedia.org)
Stadol1
Article abstract-Butorphanol (Stadol, Bristol-Meyers Squibb, Princeton, NJ) is a synthetically derived opiate . (somebodyhealme.com)
Depressant effects2
Cardiopulmonary depressant effects are minimal after treatment with butorphanol as demonstrated in dogs, 5 humans 6,7 and horses. (nih.gov)
At usual therapeutic doses nalbuphine and butorphanol have respiratory depressant effects equivalent to that of morphine (though the duration of such effects with butorphanol may be longer). (nih.gov)
Narcotic2
Butorphanol is a commonly used narcotic for pain relief in horses. (wikipedia.org)
8 Unlike classical narcotic agonist analgesics which are associated with decreases in blood pressure, reduction in heart rate, and concomitant release of histamine, butorphanol does not cause histamine release. (nih.gov)
Sedative1
The same dosage administered after 10 successive daily 1.0 mg/kg dosages of butorphanol resulted only in transient sedative effects. (nih.gov)
Morphine4
These drugs can be classified as nalorphine-like or morphine-like. (nih.gov)
Because of its κ-agonist activity, at analgesic doses butorphanol increases pulmonary arterial pressure and cardiac work. (wikipedia.org)
Although butorphanol is commonly used for pain relief in reptiles, no studies (as of 2014) have conclusively shown that it is an effective analgesic in reptiles. (wikipedia.org)
As with other opioid analgesics, central nervous system effects (such as sedation, confusion, and dizziness) are considerations with butorphanol. (wikipedia.org)
Butorphanol nasal spray is used to relieve pain severe enough to require opioid treatment and when other pain medicines did not work well enough or cannot be tolerated. (somebodyhealme.com)
Caution1
Caution should be used if butorphanol is administered in addition to other narcotics, sedatives, depressants, or antihistamines as it will cause an additive effect. (wikipedia.org)
Migraine1
The most common indication for butorphanol is management of migraine using the intranasal spray formulation. (wikipedia.org)
Horses4
Following intravenous injection in horses, butorphanol is largely eliminated from the blood within 3 to 4 hours. (nih.gov)
Repeated administration of butorphanol at 1.0 mg/kg (10 times the recommended dose) every four hours for 48 hours caused constipation in one of two horses. (nih.gov)
Horses were found to tolerate butorphanol given intravenously at dosages of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mg/kg every 4 hours for 48 hours followed by once daily injections for a total of 21 days. (nih.gov)
No clinical, laboratory, or gross or histopathologic evidence of any butorphanol-related toxicity was encountered in the horses. (nih.gov)
Butorphanol is more effective in reducing pain in women than in men. (wikipedia.org)
Butorphanol is used for sedation and mild to moderate pain control in dogs and cats. (wikipedia.org)
In ponies, butorphanol given intramuscularly at a dosage of 0.22 mg/kg was shown to alleviate experimentally induced visceral pain for about 4 hours. (nih.gov)
A definite dosage-response relationship was detected in that butorphanol dosage of 0.1 mg/kg was more effective than 0.05 mg/kg but not different from 0.2 mg/kg in alleviating deep abdominal pain. (nih.gov)
Butorphanol acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain. (somebodyhealme.com)
Administration1
Rapid intravenous administration of butorphanol at a dosage of 2.0 mg/kg (20 times the recommended dosage) to a previously unmedicated horse resulted in a brief episode of inability to stand, muscle fasciculation, a convulsive seizure of 6 seconds duration, and recovery within three minutes. (nih.gov)
Times1
2,3 Butorphanol has 15 to 20 times the oral antitussive activity of codeine or dextromethorphan in dogs and guinea pigs. (nih.gov)
Activity1
Butorphanol is also quite effective at reducing post-operative shivering (owing to its Kappa agonist activity). (wikipedia.org)