• The disease is due to conversion of the tightly regulated tyrosine kinase of ABL1 protein to being unregulated and continuously active in the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bae KM, Wang H, Jiang G, Chen MG, Lu L, Xiao L. Protein kinase C epsilon is overexpressed in primary human non-small cell lung cancers and functionally required for proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells in a p21/Cip1-dependent manner. (famri.org)
  • PTEN encodes a protein kinase of the same name and functions as a tumor suppressor through regulation of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
  • It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
  • This kinase, as well as CDK4, has been shown to phosphorylate, and thus regulate the activity of, tumor suppressor protein Rb. (cancerindex.org)
  • PTEN also dephosphorylates Src homology 2-containing protein (Shc) directly, and inhibits the activation of Shc/Raf/ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling cascade. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Objective: In this study, expression of mTOR genes and three upstream targets (5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK, adiponectin, and sestrin 2) involved in mTOR signaling was investigated. (ijbiotech.com)
  • Calcitriol induces a number of non-genomic responses including rapid intestinal absorption of calcium, release of calcium from intracellular stores, opening of voltage-gated calcium and chloride channels, and the activation of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and phospholipase C ( 4 ). (jcancer.org)
  • Some studies have reported that the G2 M arrest induced by SP600125 may be due to inhibition of cyclin B Cdk1 kinase activity through an increase in p21 levels. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Recently, we reported that the nucleus-mitochondria positive feedback loop formed by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) and phosphorylation of S496 on ERK5 (a unique member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family that is not only a kinase but also a transcriptional co-activator) were vital signaling events that played crucial roles in linking mitochondrial dysfunction, nuclear telomere dysfunction, persistent SASP induction, and atherosclerosis. (oaepublish.com)
  • A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. (bvsalud.org)
  • The clone of eosinophils bear a mutation in any one of several genes that code for proteins that regulate cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • These fusion genes encode fusion proteins that continuously stimulate cell growth, proliferation, prolonged survival, and/or differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using bioinformatics analyses, we predicted HNK protein targets from several databases and retrieved the genes differentially expressed in mBCSCs from the GEO database. (hindawi.com)
  • The intersection between the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the HNK-targets was determined using a Venn diagram, and the results were analyzed using a protein-protein interaction network, hub gene selection, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses, genetic alteration analysis, survival rate, and immune cell infiltration levels. (hindawi.com)
  • Tumor suppressor genes encode proteins that normally provide negative control of cell proliferation. (medscape.com)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • The ability of miRs to target multiple genes and biological signaling pathways has created intense interest in their potential clinical utility as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers, and as innovative therapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By contrast, the 10 downregulated genes were primarily associated with epithelial membrane proteins ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Conclusions: Given the decreased expression levels of sestrin 2, adiponectin, and AMPK genes as tumor inhibitors and the increased expression level of the mTOR gene as an oncogene in the patients with AML in our study, it is thought that disruption of this pathway may be involved in leukemogenesis and can be considered as an effective factor in the progression of cancer. (ijbiotech.com)
  • Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. (rush.edu)
  • The mutations cause these proteins to be continuously active and thereby to stimulate growth in an uncontrolled and continuous manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Discovery of genetic mutations underlining these eosinophilia syndromes lead to their removal from CEL-NOS or HES categories and classification as myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms associated with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB, FGFR1, and, tentatively, PCMA-JAK2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • Different cancer types tend to depend on a limited number of 'driver' oncogene mutations. (cancerquest.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Epigenetic modifying enzymes such as histone deacetylases (HDACs), p300, and PRMT1 are recruited by AML1/ETO, the pathogenic protein for t(8;21) acute myeloid leukemia (AML), providing a strong molecular rationale for targeting these enzymes to treat this disease. (ashpublications.org)
  • These pericryptal myofibroblasts produce the Wnt signalling ligands which bind to Frizzled receptors as well as morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonists gremlin 1(GREM1), gremlin 2 (GREM2) on basal epithelial stem cells and also can modulate notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There is growing evidence that regions of the genome that cannot encode proteins play an important role in diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Panobinostat triggered terminal myeloid differentiation via proteasomal degradation of A/E9a. (ashpublications.org)
  • We will discuss three key proteins that function as tumor suppressors implicated in the development of pediatric (and some adult) cancers: pRB, p53, and PTEN. (medscape.com)
  • A useful analogy to consider when thinking about tumor suppressors and oncogenes is an automobile. (cancerquest.org)
  • Rapamycin treatment of USP9X-depleted HeLa and renal cancer 786-O cells, along with the pharmacological inhibition of USP9X, confirmed that this protein plays a role in patients' sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also show that ARF promotes p53 mutant stability in tumors and suppresses p73 mediated p21 expression and senescence. (oncotarget.com)
  • Analysis of human tumors indicates that phospho-S48-NPM may be a useful biomarker for monitoring AKT activity and in vivo efficacy of AKT inhibitor treatment. (oncotarget.com)
  • Therefore PTEN might be a biomarker for various diseases, and targeting the abnormal expression level of PTEN is anticipated to offer novel therapeutic avenues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, BMP-2 overexpression induced p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 KIP1 expression, and cellular apoptosis in RCC cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Overexpression of bcl-2 proteins, due to a translocation of the gene, is associated with follicular lymphoma. (rush.edu)
  • Recently, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been reported to regulate protein expression, and it is definite that PTEN expression is controlled by ncRNAs epigenetically or posttranscriptionally as well. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The PDZ-binding domain (post-synaptic density protein (PSD95), Drosophila discs large (Dlg) and the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)) associates with the phosphatase activity, membrane association and stability of PTEN. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TP53 encodes the protein p53, which is known as the "guardian of the genome. (medscape.com)
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
  • The future of tipifarnib lies in achieving a better understanding of the mechanism of clinical response and the use of predictive biomarkers for patient selection. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • The predictive power of the ratio of RASGRP Hedgehog Pathway APTX gene expression not only provides a potentially important biomarker of response, it also suggests that responsive patients have underlying pathology related to abnormalities in the DNA excision repair pathway. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • We investigated whether impaired regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) via epigenetic pathways is associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • The mutant proteins often retain some of their capabilities but are no longer sensitive to the controls that regulate the normal form of the protein. (cancerquest.org)
  • Therefore, the upregulation of p21 expression may contribute to G2 M arrest in the early stages, and then Cdk2 may regulate endoreduplication by treating leukemia cells in the middle stages in the presence of SP600125. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. (rush.edu)
  • ZO-1 is a protein located on a cytoplasmic membrane surface of intercellular tight junctions. (thermofisher.com)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • AMPK is a pivotal sensor of cellular energy and acts as the main negative regulator of metabolic pathways including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids to minimize consumption of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (ijbiotech.com)
  • For E-MDA-MB- 231, down-regulation of catalase, paraoxonase-2 (PON2), clusterin, an inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and cell stress proteins validated the notion that E-cadherin re-expression enhances TZT anti-cancer efficacy. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Its molecular interactions were determined through KEGG analysis, and real-time PCR-based expression analysis was performed to assess its co-expression with another oncogenic cellular pathway (miR-223, KLF9, and PKCε) proteins in ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to: 1) myeloid precursor cells that differentiate into red blood cells, mast cells, blood platelet-forming megakaryocytes, or myeloblasts, which latter cells subsequently differentiate into white blood cells viz. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antibody pairs are selected and tested to confirm the parallel detection of natural and recombinant standard protein and to ensure the accurate determination of target analytes within biological samples. (bio-techne.com)
  • In normal cells, both internal and external signals control the activity of the oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • A key feature of oncogene activity is that a single altered copy leads to unregulated growth. (cancerquest.org)
  • Increased JNK activity is important for the dissociation of p21 and JNK, following which cells enter into the S phases. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Thus, inhibition of JNK activity prevents dissociation between p21 and JNK, and then prevents inhibition of cyclin B Cdk1 activity, leading to induction of G2 M arrest. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Furthermore, an unfortunate association of factors such as tumor genetic complexity, overestimation of biomarker and drug potentials, as well as a poor understanding of tumor microenvironment in diagnosis and prognosis leads to the current levels of treatment failure regarding a vast majority of cancer types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to find new biomarkers to facilitate the prognosis and diagnosis of ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, the potential of lncRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers for OSCC diagnosis are also described. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study has shown that an increase in p21 expression coincides with the onset of G2 M arrest at 24 h, but that endoreduplication may occur due to loss of p21 and a maximum level of Cdk2 at 48 h. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Nevertheless, additional experiments are necessary to determine why p21 expression is significantly increased due to SP600125 treatment. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • Mdm2 Phosphorylation Regulates Its Stability and Has Contrasting Effects on Oncogene and Radiation-Induced Tumorigenesis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Currently, there are no specific biomarkers for OC as the serum marker CA-125 is also elevated in various other conditions [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon binding to 17beta-estradiol or related ligands, the encoded protein forms homo- or hetero-dimers that interact with specific DNA sequences to activate transcription. (cancerindex.org)
  • These panels are completely customizable using our large menu of human, mouse, and rat analytes, making them the perfect tool for biomarker discovery and screening. (bio-techne.com)