Mutations genome plant. Medical search. Frequent questions

Targeted introduction of heritable point mutations into the plant mitochondrial genome. (mpg.de)
Graph-based models of the Oenothera mitochondrial genome capture the enormous complexity of higher plant mitochondrial DNA organization. (mpg.de)
Whether cause or cure, parasitism is most likely at the root of its extremely small mitochondrial genome, which shows clear signs of both rapid and degenerative evolution. (sciencedaily.com)
The IU scientists discovered the unprecedented lack of Complex I in a multicellular organism during a larger project to expand the number of parasitic plants that have undergone mitochondrial genome sequencing. (sciencedaily.com)

Whole genome sequencing has, however, not been employed to look for all off-target effects in living animals. (biosafety-info.net)
Dr Michael Antoniou, a London-based molecular geneticist, believes that not only is it necessary to conduct whole genome sequencing to identify all off-target mutations from CRISPR-based genome editing, but it is also essential to ascertain the effects of these unintended changes on global patterns of gene function (Item 2). (biosafety-info.net)
Therefore one needs to follow up whole genome sequencing with other molecular profiling analyses or "omics": transcriptomics - gene expression profiling, proteomics - protein composition profiling, metabolomics - profiling of metabolites, and miR-omics - microRNA profiling. (biosafety-info.net)
These predictive algorithms seem to do a good job when CRISPR is performed in cells or tissues in a dish, but whole genome sequencing has not been employed to look for all off-target effects in living animals," says co-author Alexander Bassuk, MD, PhD, professor of pediatrics at the University of Iowa. (biosafety-info.net)
The analyses in the study include a set of whole genome sequences, including 89 naked oat and 22 hulled oat plants, as well as four other closely related hexaploid species from around the world. (news-medical.net)
However, a major drawback of conventionally induced mutagenesis is that genetic alterations occur simultaneously across the whole genome and at very high numbers per individual plant. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
Methodology for whole genome sequencing of MRSA in a routine hospital microbiology laboratory. (cdc.gov)
Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequence of African Swine Fever Virus Belgium 2018/1. (cdc.gov)

2023) Plants People Planet. (weizmann.ac.il)
2023) Genome resequencing reveals independent domestication and breeding improvement of naked oat. (news-medical.net)

Genome Biology presents a special collection of articles on climate change genomics. (biomedcentral.com)
The Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) is currently seeking a Junior Group Leader in the area of genome-assisted breeding. (epws.org)

8. Zoller, M.J. and Smith M. (1982) Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using M13-derived vectors - an efficient and general procedure for production of point mutations in any fragment of DNA. (springer.com)
FATHMM-XF: accurate prediction of pathogenic point mutations via extended features. (lu.se)

In addition, fitCons scores indicate that 4.2-7.5% of nucleotides in the human genome have influenced fitness since the human-chimpanzee divergence, and, in contrast to several recent studies, they suggest that recent evolutionary turnover has had limited impact on the functional content of the genome. (biorxiv.org)
The sequencing of the human genome revealed that at least 1% of the human genome consists of endogenous retroviral sequences, representing past encounters with retroviruses during the course of human evolution. (msdmanuals.com)
Human genome research and society : proceedings of the Second International Bioethics Seminar in Fukui, 20-21 March, 1992 / editors, Norio Fujiki & Darryl R. J. Macer. (who.int)

The limitations of current methods are particularly evident in the vast noncoding regions of eukaryotic genomes, which, despite important recent progress 3 - 6 , remain poorly annotated and understood. (biorxiv.org)
Most heritable information in eukaryotic cells is encoded in the nuclear genome, with inheritance patterns following classic Mendelian segregation. (nature.com)
prokaryotic and eukaryotic genome organization, regulation of gene expression, gene mutation and repair, chromosomal aberrations (numerical and structural), transposons. (successcds.net)

These genomes will be compared to all other available genomes, and machine learning models that account for duplications and genome quality will be developed to estimate the fitness consequence of every base in the genome. (usda.gov)

Dissecting the dynamic responses of plants to drought will be beneficial for breeding drought-tolerant crops, as the genetic controls of these respons. (biomedcentral.com)
Long-accepted plant breeding methods for incorporating new diversity into crop varieties, experience from two decades of research on and commercialization of transgenic crops, and expanding knowledge of plant genome structure and dynamics all indicate that if a gene or trait is safe, the genetic engineering process itself presents little potential for unexpected consequences that would not be identified or eliminated in the variety development process before commercialization. (nature.com)
Plant breeding explores genetic diversity in useful traits to develop new, high-yielding, and improved cultivars. (mdpi.com)
New Breeding Techniques (NBTs) include several new technologies for introduction of new variation into crop plants for plant breeding, in particular the methods that aim to make targeted mutagenesis at specific sites in the plant genome (NBT mutagenesis). (frontiersin.org)
The decision was based in a context of conventional plant breeding using mutagenesis of crop plants by physical or chemical treatments. (frontiersin.org)
In the future, this situation is not sustainable for the European plant breeding industry, since it is expected that restrictions on the use of NBTs will be weaker outside Europe. (frontiersin.org)
Plant breeding is a discipline for targeted and continuous development of new plant varieties. (frontiersin.org)
Plant breeding is dependent on genetic variation, and new variation is fundamentally important for introduction of new traits in breeding programs. (frontiersin.org)
New Breeding Techniques (NBT) include several new technologies for introduction of variation into crop plants. (frontiersin.org)
The working group prepared a list of seven new plant breeding techniques: zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) technology, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM), cisgenesis and intragenesis, grafting on GM-rootstock, RNA-dependent DNAmethylation, agro-infiltration "sensu stricto," and reverse breeding. (frontiersin.org)
4. Deploy tools and information systems help geneticists and breeders accelerate breeding of plants. (usda.gov)
Plant breeding began as early as 10,000 BC during the Neolithic revolution, when tribes of hunter-gatherers started their shift towards a sedentary and agrarian society [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The first experiments with plant breeding were most likely limited to selecting the most viable specimens from each harvest for subsequent sowing [ 3 ], which nevertheless had a profound impact on crop yield. (hindawi.com)
Still, it is safe to say that plant breeding is the very basis of our modern civilization. (hindawi.com)
Plant breeding began when early humans saved seeds and planted them. (jrank.org)
Most recently, the potential for plant breeding has advanced significantly, with the advent of methods for the incorporation of genes from other organisms into plants via recombinant DNA-techniques. (jrank.org)
The knowledge will help guide crop improvement through traditional breeding practices as well as approaches that take advantage of genome editing technologies, Ware says. (cshl.edu)
In fundamental and breeding-oriented research, this technology opens up novel possibilities for the elucidation of gene functions and the improvement of crop plant traits. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
Plant domestication by induced mutation : proceedings of an Advisory Group Meeting on the Possible Use of Mutation Breeding for Rapid Domestication of New Crop Plants held in Vienna from 17 to 21 November 1986 / organized by the Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. (who.int)

Initially, this process solely relied on the frequent occurrence of spontaneous mutations and the recombination of resultant gene variants. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
Our AGL-1 strain harbors the C58 chromosomal backbone with an insertion mutation in its rec A recombination gene. (goldbio.com)
Diversification requires processes that generate diversity (mutation, recombination) and processes that filter this diversity (drift, natural selection). (lu.se)

The findings in this work demonstrate the power of large-scale genome sequencing to better understand the domestication history of one of the major crop species that is feeding the world today. (news-medical.net)

As CRISPR-Cas9, a new gene-editing technology, moves into gene therapy clinical trials, a new study published in Nature Methods has reported that it can introduce hundreds of unintended mutations into the genome of mice, including single nucleotide mutations and mutations in non-coding regions of the genome (Item 1). (biosafety-info.net)
Even though CRISPR targets specific stretches of DNA, it sometimes hits other parts of the genome. (biosafety-info.net)
In the new study, the researchers sequenced the entire genome of mice that had undergone CRISPR gene editing in the team's previous study and looked for all mutations, including those that only altered a single nucleotide. (biosafety-info.net)
So how should food plants and animals derived from CRISPR and other genome editing techniques be assessed? (biosafety-info.net)
New York- As CRISPR-Cas9 starts to move into clinical trials, a new study published in Nature Methods has found that the gene-editing technology can introduce hundreds of unintended mutations into the genome. (biosafety-info.net)
But even though CRISPR can precisely target specific stretches of DNA, it sometimes hits other parts of the genome. (biosafety-info.net)
This review highlights diverse strategies to deliver CRISPR/Cas gene editing reagents to regenerable plant cells and to recover edited plants without unwanted integration of transgenes. (frontiersin.org)
One of these is the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which has been used to induce targeted mutations in a variety of organisms. (isaaa.org)
Subedi U, Burton Hughes K, Chen G, Hannoufa A, Singer SD (2022) Eliciting targeted mutations in Medicago sativa using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing: A potential tool for the improvement of disease resistance. (gc.ca)

Genetics are more variable and malleable in plants than in animals, probably reflecting the higher activity level in animals. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Hybrids' genetics will necessarily be less stable than those of species evolving through isolation, which explains why hybrid species appear more common in plants than in animals. (wikipedia.org)
G3, Genes/Genomes/Genetics. (usda.gov)
Increased understanding of plant genetics and the development of powerful and easier-to-use gene editing tools over the past century have revolutionized humankind's ability to deliver precise genotypes in crops. (frontiersin.org)
In many crops, genome engineering techniques have enabled researchers and breeders to take advantage of a vast knowledge base of plant physiology, pathology, and genetics. (frontiersin.org)
Thirty public sector research groups across the country are part of the U.S. Genomes to Field Genotype by Environment experiment to understand how maize genetics interacts with its environment. (usda.gov)
Recent progress in genome editing methods has opened new avenues for reverse genetics studies in plants. (isaaa.org)
We then describe the evolution of genomic organisation across lineages, how this process has been shaped by interactions with the nuclear genome and population genetics dynamics. (nature.com)
We discuss the diversity and patterns of genome organisation for cytoplasmic elements and examine the population genetics of CIEs, highlighting the tension between within- and between-individual spread. (nature.com)
This is the exact opposite of the standard multiplicative population genetics model, wherein each mutation has less and less effect (one or both models must be wrong). (uncommondescent.com)

Classification of viruses is principally according to their genome sequence taking into consideration nature and structure of their genome and their method of replication, but not according to the diseases they cause (see International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), 2021 release ). (msdmanuals.com)

A photosynthesis operon in the chloroplast genome drives speciation in evening primroses. (mpg.de)

Domestication of crop plants seems to have taken place simultaneously in several subtropical regions, across central Africa, western South America, southeast Asia, and the Mediterranean during this period [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Since human demand for good traits and yield is very high, only a small fraction of the world's approximately 200,000 plant species have, through history, survived the rigorous scrutiny of the domestication process. (hindawi.com)

Evaluation of seven different rna-seq alignment tools based on experimental data from the model plant arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
A novel seed plants gene regulates oxidative stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. (mpg.de)
Therefore, our system is often used for Agrobacterium -mediated transformation in mono and dicotyledonous species such as Arabidopsis thaliana , maize, and other plants. (goldbio.com)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are soil bacteria that infect plant roots, causing crown gall or "hairy roots" diseases. (jrank.org)
By borrowing a tool from bacteria that infect plants, scientists have developed a new approach to eliminate mutated DNA inside mitochondria-the energy factories within cells. (nih.gov)
In nature, TAL effectors are found only in certain types of plant-infecting bacteria. (nih.gov)
They enable the bacteria to use plant DNA to multiply and spread infection. (nih.gov)
All current GM crops use protein coding genes from bacteria that have been altered by introducing synonymous codons, replacing plant-preferred codons for the bacterial codons in order to enhance the production of protein from the transgenes. (i-sis.org.uk)
so for example, genes from bacteria are poorly read in higher plants and vice versa . (i-sis.org.uk)
The products of such transgenes carrying synonymous mutations were risk assessed using surrogates produced originally in bacteria and free from synonymous mutation. (i-sis.org.uk)

An improved reference of the grapevine genome reasserts the origin of the PN40024 highly-homozygous genotype. (usda.gov)

The L protein of Rift Valley fever virus can rescue viral ribonucleoproteins and transcribe synthetic genome-like RNA molecules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
A variety of techniques have been used to examine plant viral genomes, the functions of virus-encoded proteins, plant responses induced by virus infection and plant-virus interactions. (springer.com)
This overview considers these technologies and how they have been used to identify novel viral and plant proteins or genes involved in disease and resistance responses, as well as defense signaling. (springer.com)
These approaches include analysis of spatial and temporal responses by plants to infection, and techniques that allow the expression of viral genes transiently or transgenically in planta, the expression of plant and foreign genes from virus vectors, the silencing of plants genes, imaging of live, infected cells, and the detection of interactions between viral proteins and plant gene products, both in planta and in various in vitro or in vivo systems. (springer.com)
The gene encoding Bt, as well as genes conferring resistance to viral diseases, have been introduced into plants by this method. (jrank.org)

Mitochondrial gene mutations can lead to a variety of health problems including muscle weakness, heart disease, and blindness in the case of LHON. (nih.gov)
These TAL effector nucleases (TALENs) can be used to add or remove specific genes or correct gene mutations-techniques that fall under the broad category of genome editing. (nih.gov)
Although a variety of gene mutations are linked to the disease, most cases involve Complex I mutations, which cause degeneration of the nerves in the back of the eye that transmit visual information to the brain. (nih.gov)
Recognizing the unlikely coexistence of 3 gene mutations in a single individual, research continued in an attempt to find a unifying factor to explain the involvement of 3 distinct enzymes. (medscape.com)

2. Sequence and compare the genomes of angiosperms to estimate the evolutionary fitness consequence of novel mutations. (usda.gov)
We screened A. fumigatus clinical isolates for novel mutations conferring azole resistance. (cdc.gov)
We also found the novel mutations in these genes in azole-resistant isolates with different genetic backgrounds. (cdc.gov)

Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) is a chemical widely used to induce mutations at loci that regulate economically essential traits. (mdpi.com)
This genetic erosion eventually became a bottleneck and various techniques to induce mutations and artificially increase variation emerged in the middle of the last century [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

We conduct somatic mutation analysis, Haplotype analysis, and analysis on SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) and CNV (Copy Number Variation) on the organisms having their genome sequencing completed with the cutting-edge system and technology. (umin.ac.jp)

Many computational methods for gaining functional insights from sequence data are based on the simple, but powerful, observation that functionally important nucleotides tend to remain unchanged over evolutionary time, because mutations at these sites generally reduce fitness and are therefore eliminated by natural selection 7 - 15 . (biorxiv.org)
With the advanced genome sequencing system which enables us to sequence a single molecule or a single cell, we support to sequence ultra-low volume samples. (umin.ac.jp)
To expand knowledge about parasitic plants, the IU team chose to sequence the mitochondrial genomes of Santalales, more commonly referred to as mistletoes, which are the largest order of parasitic plants in the world with over 2,000 species. (sciencedaily.com)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)

We develop technologies to obtain high-quality genome annotation or metagenomic annotation. (umin.ac.jp)
GeSeq - versatile and accurate annotation of organelle genomes. (mpg.de)

Previous analyses of the mitochondrial genomes of parasitic plants were limited to Rafflesiaceae, a small family of parasites famous for possessing the largest flowers in the world. (sciencedaily.com)
The use of evolutionary analyses to predict functionally relevant traits in filamentous plant pathogens. (mpg.de)

The researchers found that the genomes of two independent gene therapy recipients had sustained more than 1,500 single-nucleotide mutations and more than 100 larger deletions and insertions. (biosafety-info.net)
Single nucleotide mutations form the majority of genetic polymorphisms (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) in populations. (i-sis.org.uk)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

None of these DNA mutations had been predicted by computer algorithms that are widely used by researchers to look for off-target effects. (biosafety-info.net)
Researchers have been using biolistics in delivering the genome editing complex in wheat due to difficulties in Agrobacterium -mediated genetic transformation in the species. (isaaa.org)
As one of the most toxic elements on the planet, mercury can cause both visible injuries and physiological disorders in plants," the researchers write. (cosmosmagazine.com)
An unknown genetic mutation introduced by chemical mutagenesis-a method used for many decades by breeders and researchers to induce genetic variations in plants-resulted in an increase in the number of grains, i.e., seeds contained within fruits, that each plant produced. (cshl.edu)
To gain information on the origins of these different varieties, researchers in China have sequenced the genomes of over 100 oat plants from around the world. (news-medical.net)
Many researchers regard naked oat as a variant of hulled oat, speculating that a mutation occurred after hulled oat was introduced into China. (news-medical.net)

Plant adapt to stress by increased mutation rates. (zhaw.ch)
Later, treatments with ionizing radiation or mutagenic agents facilitated dramatically increased mutation rates, which remarkably extended the genetic diversity of crop plants. (ipk-gatersleben.de)

Further understanding of the M. phaseolina genome-based plant-pathogen interactions will be instrumental in designing rational strategies for disease control, essential to ensuring global agricultural crop production and security. (biomedcentral.com)
plant-microbe beneficial interactions. (successcds.net)
In: Plant-Pathogen Interactions (Foroud N, Neilson J, eds). (gc.ca)
We investigate the direct effects of polyploidization on phenotypic traits of importance for plant-insect interactions (e.g. floral scent and morphology), using different ploidy-types of the plant Lithophragma bolanderi as model. (lu.se)

In this review, we examine the diversity and peculiarities of cytoplasmically inherited genomes, and the broad evolutionary consequences that non-Mendelian inheritance brings. (nature.com)

Plant transformation techniques are well developed for making transgenic varieties in certain crops and model organisms, yet reagent delivery and plant regeneration remain key bottlenecks to applying the technology of gene editing to most crops. (frontiersin.org)
In synthesizing transgenes for GM crops, say, a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cry toxin gene, a table of plant preferred codons is used to substitute for the bacterial codons [3]. (i-sis.org.uk)
Essentially all commercial GM crops contain bacterial genes with codons altered to enhance the expression of transgenes in plants. (i-sis.org.uk)
Thus the regulatory approval of GM crops is based on the false assumption that synonymous mutations are neutral, and hence illegitimate. (i-sis.org.uk)
Like many cereal crops, sorghum's grains are produced in clusters of flowers that develop from an elaborately branched structure at the top of the plant called a panicle. (cshl.edu)
One understudied opportunity is using feral crops-plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation-as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. (weizmann.ac.il)
In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. (weizmann.ac.il)

Genome-wide identification of the mutation underlying fleece variation and discriminating ancestral hairy species from modern woolly sheep. (inrae.fr)
It utilizes the genetic variation between individuals within a plant species and combines the desired properties into new and improved varieties. (frontiersin.org)
In 1927, Muller showed that X-ray treatment could increase the mutation rate in a Drosophila population by 15,000% [ 10 ], and a year later, Stadler observed a strong phenotypic variation in barley seedlings and sterility in maize tassels after exposure to X-rays and radium [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, artificial seed, somaclonal variation, secondary metabolism in plant cell culture, embryo culture, in vitro fertilization. (successcds.net)
Although most of our variety comes from reshuffling of genes from our parents, new mutations are the ultimate source from which new variation is drawn. (uncommondescent.com)
A surprise was the considerable variation in families, as to whether most mutations arose from the father or the mother. (uncommondescent.com)
Variation among human, veterinary and environmental Mycobacterium chelonae-abscessus complex isolates observed using core genome phylogenomic analysis, targeted gene comparison, and anti-microbial susceptibility patterns. (cdc.gov)

Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most destructive necrotrophic fungal pathogens that infect more than 500 plant species throughout the world. (biomedcentral.com)
It will have a strong focus on basic biological processes and an interdisciplinary nature that brings together scientists from the fungal, animal and plant communities. (grc.org)
Fungal genomes are relatively small compared to animals and plants and, hence, can acquire mutations easily. (asm.org)
A thousand-genome panel retraces the global spread and adaptation of a major fungal crop pathogen. (mpg.de)

Global climate change will not only have devastating effects on humans but also to the plants, animals, and microbes that surround us and that we depend on for survival. (biomedcentral.com)
There is evidence that introgression is a ubiquitous phenomenon in plants and animals, even in humans, where genetic material from Neanderthals and Denisovans is responsible for much of the immune genes in non-African populations. (wikipedia.org)
It combines approachable narrative with extensively tested lab exercises that illustrate key concepts of genome biology in humans, invertebrates, and plants. (cshlpress.com)
Carbon dioxide fixation, a process typically associated with plant metabolism, is a vital reaction in humans. (medscape.com)

We use the organisms having their genome sequencing completed to analyze the number of copied RNA species, stability, GuideRNAs, splicing, and IncRNA and others. (umin.ac.jp)
To overcome the host plant defense response, M. phaseolina encodes a significant number of P450s, MFS type membrane transporters, glycosidases, transposases, and secondary metabolites in comparison to all sequenced ascomycete species. (biomedcentral.com)
A proportion of mutation within any species is expected - it is, after all, one of the main drivers of evolution. (cosmosmagazine.com)
First, plant species would have been severely depleted, with many becoming extinct. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Orchids are the second largest group of flowering plants in terms of number of species, and their immense diversity in appearance has been a source of wonder and speculation for centuries (APG 2009). (ubc.ca)
Today, there are literally thousands of different cultivated varieties (cultivars) of individual species of crop plants. (jrank.org)
Many plant species have been transformed by this procedure, which is most useful for dicotyledonous plants. (jrank.org)
A discovery made during an analysis of a species of mistletoe whose apparent ability to survive without key genes involved in energy production could make it one of the most unusual plants on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
The discovery was made during an analysis of the parasitic plant Viscum scurruloideum, a species of mistletoe whose apparent ability to survive and thrive without several genes involved in the primary energy-producing pathway of oxygen-respiring organisms could make it one of the most unusual plants on Earth. (sciencedaily.com)
Over 300 other flowering plants have previously been examined, and Complex I is present in every single species. (sciencedaily.com)
Therefore, our study systems often include multiple plant- and insect species that form small interaction networks. (lu.se)

Typical plant transformation protocols to produce transgenic, genetically modified (GM) varieties rely on transgenes, chemical selection, and tissue culture. (frontiersin.org)
Plant cells that have been transformed by the plasmid can be selected on media containing the antibiotic, and then cultured to generate new, transgenic plants. (jrank.org)

Secular scientists attempt to explain their origin using terms such as duplication (a form of mutation that overwhelmingly destroys genetic information) and translocation . (icr.org)
In plants, the most dramatic form of mutation is polyploidization, the duplication of the chromosome set. (lu.se)

Scientists have figured out how to triple the number of grains that the sorghum plant produces: by lowering the level of a key hormone, generating more flowers and more seeds. (cshl.edu)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY - A simple genetic modification can triple the grain number of sorghum, a drought-tolerant plant that is an important source of food, animal feed, and biofuel in many parts of the world. (cshl.edu)

This analysis identifies resistance genes and mutations. (cdc.gov)
A catch-all term that includes both resistance genes and resistance mutations that give a microbe the ability to resist the effects of one or more drugs. (cdc.gov)
AGL-1 also has rifampicin and carbenicillin resistance genes in the genome useful for selection. (goldbio.com)

Systematic selection has, over the years, now changed the domesticated plants to the point where the wild relatives of crop plants often are classified in completely different taxa. (hindawi.com)

But unfortunately, errors in the DNA accumulate over time due to mutations. (analytica-world.com)
Over time, mutations have caused errors to accumulate in the DNA that must be corrected in order to obtain perfectly functioning proteins. (analytica-world.com)
Therefore, as mutations accumulate, each new mutation has a greater and greater average fitness deleterious effect. (uncommondescent.com)

techniques that involve comprehensive changes of the plant's genome. (frontiersin.org)
This lack of genetic diversity and the potential accumulation of damaging mutations over time, reduce a plant's "genetic arsenal" for adapting to changes in its environment - orchids resort to this strategy only in pollinator-poor communities (Roberts & Dixon 2008). (ubc.ca)
In a modified version of the plant (right) both sessile and pedicellate spikelets produce seeds, tripling each plant's grain number. (cshl.edu)
In the modified plants Dr. Xin produced, however, both sessile and pedicellate spikelets produced seeds, tripling each plant's grain number. (cshl.edu)

Repeat-Induced Point mutation and gene conversion coinciding with heterochromatin shape the genome of a plant-pathogenic fungus. (mpg.de)

Genome-wide association study identifies variants screening. (who.int)
2600 disease-causing or benign variants from ClinVar and the 1000 Genomes Project (each of the 3 possible genotypes found in at least 50 samples). (lu.se)
F2 contains 2200 disease-causing and benign variants from the 1000 Genomes Project. (lu.se)
In addition to total SARS-CoV-2 testing, some health departments track SARS-CoV-2 variants by detecting variant-associated mutations in wastewater. (cdc.gov)
The California Department of Public Health and academic partners use mutation-specific reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing to track variants in wastewater collected daily from 10 sewersheds. (cdc.gov)

instead, a convergence has taken place between conventional mutagenesis and NBTs, in particular due to the possibilities of TILLING methods that allow the fast detection of mutations in any gene of a genome. (frontiersin.org)

Indiana University scientists have discovered the first known instance of a plant or animal lacking several key genes involved in energy production in cells. (sciencedaily.com)

We compared the genomic sequences of susceptible and resistant isolates without mutations in cyp51A (non- cyp51A ) and found mutations in hmg1 and erg6 involved in ergosterol biosynthesis. (cdc.gov)

In essence, the "experiment" considered by these methods is the one conducted directly on genomes by nature over millenia, and the outcomes of interest are the presence or absence of fixed mutations. (biorxiv.org)
Both aspects favour the NBT methods, which provide more precision and fewer off-target mutations. (frontiersin.org)
Nevertheless, the methods incite hundreds or even thousands of random mutations with unknown effects and consequences. (frontiersin.org)
Two methods have been developed for direct gene transfer into plant cells-electroporation and biolistics. (jrank.org)
By contrast, the newly emerging methods of site-directed genetic engineering, broadly referred to as genome editing , allow for the induction of genetic alterations at user-defined positions in the plant genome. (ipk-gatersleben.de)
Identifying the mutations that confer azole resistance is essential for developing novel methods for prompt diagnosis and effective drug treatment. (cdc.gov)

For more information, read the article in BMC Plant Biology . (isaaa.org)
I still remember walking into the first class of my first ever plant biology course during my undergraduate degree and my professor introducing himself as just another botanist who is obsessed with plant sex. (ubc.ca)
Mitochondrial-targeted TALENS (mitoTALENs) represent the most promising hope for an effective treatment of diseases caused by mutations in mtDNA," said Carlos T. Moraes, Ph.D., a professor of neurology and cell biology at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine and principal investigator of the study. (nih.gov)

Bunyavirus RNA synthesis: genome transcription and replication. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Synonymous mutations in the HIV gene Rev enhance HIV-1 replication, providing resistance to the drug enfuvirtide [6]. (i-sis.org.uk)

Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

Mutations that occur in sperm or egg cells will be 'new' mutations not seen in our parents. (uncommondescent.com)
These deletions are somatic mutations, which means they occur during a person's lifetime and are present only in the cells that become cancerous. (medlineplus.gov)

A genome is an organism's complete set of genes that carry the genetic instructions for building and maintaining that organism. (cdc.gov)
Until the current decade, synonymous mutations were assumed to be neutral, with no effect on the protein or any other functions of the organism. (i-sis.org.uk)

Most studies that search for these off-target mutations use computer algorithms to identify areas most likely to be affected and then examine those areas for deletions and insertions. (biosafety-info.net)

Compared with wildtype plants, the edited mutants exhibited more incompletely-ripening fruits and lower ethylene contents. (isaaa.org)

In living cells, there is a lot of traffic like on a large construction site: In land plants, blueprints in the form of DNA are stored not only in the cell nucleus, but also in the cell's power plants (mitochondria) and the photosynthesis units (chloroplasts). (analytica-world.com)

It is now clear that synonymous mutations are not neutral but instead frequently adversely affect the proteins encoded. (i-sis.org.uk)
It is reasonable to assume that the synonymous mutations may have created proteins with adverse phenotypes and contributed to the deterioration in public health, and this must now be thoroughly investigated together with mandatory labelling of GM products. (i-sis.org.uk)

The genes that have been lost from V. scurruloideum typically reside in the mitochondrial genomes of plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)

Sorghum's grains are produced in clusters of flowers that develop from an elaborately branched structure at the top of the plant called a panicle. (cshl.edu)
Land plants have developed a peculiar correction mode: they do not directly improve the errors in the genome, but rather elaborately in each individual transcript. (analytica-world.com)

He found two mutations in the SD1 gene that did not exist in a wild variety or in long-grain rice. (newscientist.com)
Now that the team has uncovered the biological changes that triple sorghum's grain production, they hope to apply the same strategy to increase grain production in related plants that are vital in the global food supply, such as rice, corn, and wheat. (cshl.edu)

The resistant isolates with mutations in hmg1 showed increased intracellular ergosterol levels compared with susceptible isolates. (cdc.gov)
Multiple isolates with increased resistance to azole possessed a mutation in hmg1 , indicating that this mutation is widely present in non- cyp51A azole-resistant A. fumigatus . (cdc.gov)
Most azole-resistant strains harbor a mutation in the cyp51A gene, encoding a target protein for azole drugs ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Whereas such cyp51A -related azole-resistant strains have been reported frequently in the past 10 years, strains without any mutation in the cyp51A gene showing low susceptibility to azole drugs have, to some extent, been isolated ( 9 ). (cdc.gov)
the mutation was discovered by genome comparison between azole-resistant strains and corresponding susceptible strains ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, a large portion of the non- cyp51A azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains have yet to be investigated to determine which genes and mutations could be responsible for azole resistance. (cdc.gov)

We sequenced and assembled ~49 Mb into 15 super-scaffolds covering 92.83% of the M. phaseolina genome. (biomedcentral.com)

Finally, we discuss how both nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes have evolved to co-inhabit the same host cell via one of the longest symbiotic processes, and all the opportunities for intergenomic conflict that arise due to divergence in inheritance patterns. (nature.com)
The first documented evidence for this came from Carl Correns research on the four o'clock plant Mirabilis jalapa , in which he detailed the non-Mendelian inheritance of leaf colour (Correns 1909 ). (nature.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms21

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs45

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes132

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Information Science10

Health Care6

Mitochondrial genome4

Whole genome8

20232

Genomics2

Point mutations2

Human genome3

Eukaryotic3

Duplications1

Breeding19

Recombination3

Large-scale genome1

CRISPR9

Genetics10

20211

Chloroplast genome1

Domestication2

Arabidopsis3

Bacteria7

Genotype1

Viral5

Gene mutations4

Novel mutations3

Induce mutations2

Somatic mutation1

Sequence4

Annotation2

Analyses2

Nucleotide3

Researchers6

Increased mutation rates2

Interactions4

Evolutionary1

Crops7

Variation7

Fungal4

Humans4

Species11

Transgenic2

Form of mutation2

Sorghum2

Resistance genes3

Crop plants1

Accumulate3

Plant's4

Pathogenic1

Variants5

TILLING1

Genes involved1

Sequences1

Methods6

Biology3

Replication2

Transcription2

Occur2

Organism2

Deletions1

Mutants1

Mitochondria1

Proteins2

Reside1

Elaborately2

Rice2

Resistant6

Sequenced and assembled1

Inheritance2