Mutation drug resistance microbial. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mechanisms involved include modification of the drugs to less toxic derivatives or avoidance of their action by exclusion, target modification, and mutation of target-associated genes. (cdc.gov)
thus, resistance genes may be latent under certain conditions, only to be activated in others. (cdc.gov)
Movement of these genes from 1 organism to another or an increase in their expression, for example, can trigger a resistance phenotype ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Discharges of chemical agents (drugs, disinfectants, heavy metals, and other pollutants) into the environment can accelerate the lateral movement of resistance genes across bacterial populations by increasing selective pressure for maintenance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) ( 4 ) or by increasing the rate of gene transfer ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
A number of studies have shown that random fluctuations in microbial genes trigger some microbes to hunker down into a dormant, drug-resistant state . (quantamagazine.org)
For example, genomics has been instrumental in tracking the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes, allowing for tailored antibiotic stewardship programs and the development of novel therapeutics [ 3 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
Whole-genome sequencing enables the detection of resistance genes, mutations, and mobile genetic elements, aiding in surveillance efforts and guiding antibiotic prescribing practices. (alliedacademies.org)
Sequencing is being used to identify reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistance genes in hospitals, other healthcare facilities, the community, and livestock farming, as well as common transmission pathways between them. (biomedcentral.com)
By comparing these essential genes to the human genome, and a database of genes from commensal human gut microbiota, we identified and excluded potential drug targets in respiratory tract pathogens that will have off-target effects in the host, or disrupt the natural host microbiota. (edu.au)
Horizontal gene transfer: Sorry, Darwin, it's not your evolution any more (It's quite possible that most such bacterial resistance is gained through horizontal transfer of genes. (uncommondescent.com)
Alternatively, many genes responsible for drug resistance are found on plasmids or transposons that can be easily transferred between organisms by horizontal gene transfer. (websarticle.com)
Development of an intergenotypic hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell culture method to assess antiviral susceptibilities and resistance development of HCV NS3 protease genes from HCV genotypes 1 to 6. (ox.ac.uk)
All of the resistance mechanisms of these bacteria involve genetic elements that code for multiple drug resistances, and also allow insertion of additional resistance genes. (technuc.com)
The fifteen enrofloxacin resistant strains were selected for the PCR to detect the genes gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE, and genetic sequencing to identify mutations in these genes. (scielo.br)
None of the 15 strains had mutations in the gyrB and parE genes, and none had more than one mutation in the gyrA gene or the other genes. (scielo.br)
Some bacteria due to the presence of resistance genes are intrinsically resistant and therefore survive on being exposed to antibiotics. (rauias.com)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
Bacteria - including the ones carrying antimicrobial resistance genes - also enter the wastewater system. (elifesciences.org)
identified 29 different major types of antimicrobial resistance genes. (elifesciences.org)
Overall, antimicrobial genes that provide protection against multiple drugs, and those that provide resistance against two common types of antibiotics (aminoglycosides and beta lactams) were both abundant and highly expressed. (elifesciences.org)
Interestingly, the most highly expressed genes were related to resistance against antimicrobial peptides, which are part of the innate immune system in multicellular organisms. (elifesciences.org)
next focused on two relevant types of mobile genetic elements that convey antimicrobial resistance genes: plasmids (small, circular DNA molecules) and bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria). (elifesciences.org)
These molecular diagnostics have become essential for the early diagnosis of infectious diseases, allowing for the detection of multiple pathogens, analysis of drug-resistant genes, and pathogen homology assessments. (medicalbuyer.co.in)

This environmental resistome, its mobilization, and the conditions that facilitate its entry into human pathogens are at the heart of the current public health crisis in antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
Antimicrobial drug resistance is caused by microbial gene products that attenuate the activity of an antibiotic in an otherwise drug-sensitive organism. (cdc.gov)
In the age of antibiotic resistance and precise microbiome engineering, CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials promise to have a substantial impact on the way we treat diseases in the future. (dtu.dk)
Antibiotic resistance typically induces a fitness cost that shapes the fate of antibiotic-resistant bacterial populations. (elifesciences.org)
We have demonstrated that drug-resistance frequently declines within 480 generations during exposure to an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
The extent of resistance loss was found to be generally antibiotic-specific, driven by mutations that reduce both resistance level and fitness costs of antibiotic-resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
We conclude that phenotypic reversion to the antibiotic-sensitive state can be mediated by the acquisition of additional mutations, while maintaining the original resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
Such strategies implicitly presume that resistance leads to reduced bacterial fitness in an antibiotic-free environment, and therefore these resistant populations should be rapidly outcompeted by antibiotic-sensitive variants. (elifesciences.org)
In theory, the extent of fitness costs determines the long-term stability of resistance, and consequently, the rate by which the frequency of resistant bacteria decreases in an antibiotic-free environment. (elifesciences.org)
However, in other cases, such deleterious side effects of resistance mutations are undetectable, and resistance can even confer benefits in specific, antibiotic-free environmental settings ( Maharjan and Ferenci, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
As stated in the CDC report Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013 if the ability to use antimicrobials to fight infections is lost "…the ability to safely offer people many of the life-saving and life-improving modern medical advances will be lost with it. (kerriflood.com)
In its Antibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States, 2013 report the CDC has identified and ranked various microbes based on the threat level they pose to the general population. (kerriflood.com)
How do humans impact on the environment influence the evolution of microorganisms (e.g., emerging diseases and the selection of antibiotic resistance)? (qubeshub.org)
Describe two human practices (in medicine and agriculture) that have led to the increase of antibiotic resistance (e.g., antibiotics in feed, stopping antibiotic therapy too soon, repeated use of the same antibiotic). (qubeshub.org)
Describe how mutations and horizontal gene transfer, together with selective pressure, can lead to a rise of antibiotic resistance (or xenobiotic bioremediation). (qubeshub.org)
It is true that bacterial mutations do lead to antibiotic resistance. (uncommondescent.com)
Fighting Cancer with Intelligent Design - Casey Luskin - December 25, 2015 Excerpt: "In fighting antibiotic resistance, Darwin's theory actually provides little guidance. (uncommondescent.com)
By throwing lots of antibiotic drugs at an organism, we force it to evolve lots of mutations -- more than Darwinian evolution can produce -- in order to survive. (uncommondescent.com)
Is Antibiotic Resistance evidence for evolution? (uncommondescent.com)
The Fitness Test' - video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYaU4moNEBU Helping an Internet Debater Defend Intelligent Design - Casey Luskin - May 3, 2014 Excerpt: antibiotic resistance entails very small-scale degrees of biological change. (uncommondescent.com)
antibiotic resistant bacteria tend to "revert" to their prior forms after the antibacterial drug is removed. (uncommondescent.com)
The severity of the antibiotic-resistance crisis demands extreme urgency for developing novel antibiotics. (columbia.edu)
Such a rational target discovery program requires a deep basic understanding of antibiotic resistance, well beyond that which currently exists. (columbia.edu)
By applying this framework to mild resistance, we have identified a large number of loci whose genetic perturbations significantly affect antibiotic sensitivity. (columbia.edu)
This reflects that antibiotic resistance is a new epidemic threat of the 21st century. (rauias.com)
by genetic mutations that help the bacteria survive antibiotic exposure. (rauias.com)
10,11 Other factors that contribute to emergence are microbial mutation and selection and genetic re-assortment that can lead to the development of new genotypes of known diseases, as we see most frequently with influenza A and also in new patterns of antibiotic resistance. (who.int)
ABSTRACT We investigated the antibiotic resistance of various strains of Salmonella isolated from dif- ferent sources in Oman, namely sewage water, chicken and food handlers. (who.int)

For example, approximately 95% of rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains carry mutations within the rifampin-resistance determining region (RRDR), an 81-bp region encoding codons 507 through 533 of the rpoB gene. (cdc.gov)
We present our study on the efficacy and phenotypic impact of compensatory evolution in Escherichia coli strains carrying multiple resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
Microbial strains that have been identified as Urgent include clostridium difficile (C. difficile), salmonella, e-coli, and shigella. (kerriflood.com)
V(588)F/V(631)F and G(593)V/V(631)F), but additional combinations also occurred involving novel mutations (R(816)C, H(67)Q, and F(563)L). First-step mupirocin-resistant mutants were not associated with substantial fitness costs, a finding that is consistent with the occurrence of V(588)F or V(631)F mutations in the IRS of clinical strains. (tamu.edu)
Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health threat, compounded by emergence of strains with resistance to vancomycin and daptomycin, both last line antimicrobials. (edu.au)
Their capability to create the ML enzyme furthermore with their innate resistances to different antibacterial real estate agents makes these strains recalcitrant to. (technuc.com)
Five strains (33.3%) had point mutations in the gyrA gene, and one (6.7%) presented a point mutation in the parC gene. (scielo.br)
The presence of point mutations in the strains studied corroborates with the phenotypic resistance observed to nalidixic acid. (scielo.br)
However, it did not explain the resistance to fluoroquinolones found in the 15 strains. (scielo.br)

April 10, 2022 - Sotrovimab , sold under the brand name Xevudy, is a monoclonal antibody that was available under emergency use authorization ( EUA) from the FDA and similar urgency authorisations from several drug regulatory agencies worldwide for the treatment of patients who are at risk for progression of Covid-19 disease to severe or fatal disease status. (thasso.com)
In effect, in March 2022, Australian virologists observed that sotrovimab may cause a drug-resistant mutation, as they describe in a very recent report to the New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ) showing that apparently mutations at viral genome positions S:E340K/A/V and S:P337L/T have been associated with a reduction by a factor of 100 to 297 in neutralization by Sotrovimab. (thasso.com)

Diseases and disorders can be associated with misspellings or genetic mutations. (bvsalud.org)

Additionally, genomics has facilitated the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for infectious diseases, aiding in the development of vaccines and immunotherapies The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to public health. (alliedacademies.org)
Genomics provides critical insights into the genetic determinants of drug resistance, allowing for the rapid identification of resistance mechanisms and the development of targeted therapies. (alliedacademies.org)
Result: Here, we report a proof of concept study for the reliable identification of potential drug targets in these human respiratory pathogens by combining high-density transposon mutagenesis, high-throughput sequencing, and integrative genomics. (edu.au)
Conclusion: Here we have pioneered an attempt in systematically combining the power of high-density transposon mutagenesis, high-throughput sequencing, and integrative genomics to discover potential drug targets at genome-scale. (edu.au)
Research topics include cancer information analysis, bioinformatics analysis tools, database development, and microbial genomics. (nycu.edu.tw)
Pharmacogenomics is the application of genomics technology to the development of specific drugs and its relationship with dentistry is a recent area of research. (bvsalud.org)
Pharmacogenomics is the application of genomics technology to the discovery and development of drugs. (bvsalud.org)

Exposure of a pathogen to an antimicrobial compound can select chromosomal mutations that confer resistance. (websarticle.com)
of SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies to target a single viral epitope warrants caution because of the risk of rapid development of mutations that confer resistance after exposure to such antibodies. (thasso.com)

Understanding is increasing that much of antimicrobial drug resistance originates in environmental bacteria that do not cause human disease ( 2 , 3 ). (cdc.gov)
This dissemination increases the total effect of resistance determinants within the broad collection of environmental bacteria. (cdc.gov)
For example, a single-well assay has been developed that uses five molecular beacons to detect mutations associated with rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis bacteria and appears to perform similarly as the line-probe assays. (cdc.gov)
Scientists point to the fact of various bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics as clear, unassailable evidence that random mutations occur and that such mutations are sometimes helpful to a species. (uncommondescent.com)
To create drugs that outsmart evolving bacteria or cancer cells, biomedical researchers must use a process of intelligent design. (uncommondescent.com)
Insertion-sequence-mediated mutations both promote and constrain evolvability during a long-term experiment with bacteria. (iame-research.center)
4. Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacterial Genomes - a joint project with The Microbiology and Immunology Department at Taipei Medical University, to explore the genetic variation of clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant bacteria through whole-genome sequencing. (nycu.edu.tw)
Resistance to Antibiotics What it is and how it is established Bacteria can develop a certain resistance to drugs due to the appearance of spontaneous mutations or by the acquisition of a plasmid during gene transfer mechanisms. (healthrug.com)
Bacteria can also acquire resistance. (rauias.com)
Once the resistance has been acquired, it can spread in the rest of the population of bacteria through reproduction or gene transfer. (rauias.com)
Scientists have found drug-resistant bacteria in meat and food crops that have exposure to fertilisers or contaminated water. (rauias.com)
Antimicrobial resistance - the ability of bacteria to evolve resistance to drug treatments, including antibiotics - poses a major threat to health interventions ( McEwen and Collignon, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
One of these was a gene called YojI, which encodes resistance to microcin, a common toxin that is widely produced by bacteria and other prokaryotic species. (elifesciences.org)

Understanding the origins, evolution, and mechanisms of transfer of resistance elements is vital to our ability to adequately address this public health issue. (cdc.gov)
However, the efficacy of these antimicrobials and their mechanisms of resistance remain to be elucidated. (dtu.dk)
Discovery of compounds with new mechanisms of action and physicochemical properties that promote intracellular accumulation, or compounds that act synergistically with other antimycobacterial drugs, has the potential to reduce and prevent further drug resistance. (uwc.ac.za)
Success of prophylactic antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2: Predicted critical efficacies and impact of different drug-specific mechanisms of action. (iame-research.center)
Other mechanisms may be related to the fluoroquinolones resistance, highlighting the need for additional mutation screening. (scielo.br)
Microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants provide insights into the development and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. (elifesciences.org)
To better understand the mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance within microbial communities in wastewater, de Nies et al. (elifesciences.org)

While the number of targets did not significantly affect efficiency of killing, it did reduce the emergence of chromosomal mutations conferring resistance. (dtu.dk)

However, the cost of resistance can be mitigated by compensatory mutations elsewhere in the genome, and therefore the loss of resistance may proceed too slowly to be of practical importance. (elifesciences.org)
It is frequently assumed that such compensatory mutations mitigate the fitness costs of resistance mutations without affecting the level of resistance. (elifesciences.org)
As the range of targets for compensation is much broader, compensatory mutations are more likely than the reversion of resistance mutations. (elifesciences.org)
If compensatory mutations are indeed widespread, pathogens can reach both high level of resistance and high fitness. (elifesciences.org)
however, instances of compensatory mutations have not been generalized to clinical settings. (elifesciences.org)
In most cases, this was the result of compensatory mutations that also suppressed mupirocin resistance (e.g. (tamu.edu)

The most frequent target of resistance mutations was the plasmid-encoded SpCas9 that was inactivated by bacterial genome rearrangements involving translocation of mobile genetic elements such as insertion elements. (dtu.dk)
To understand the genetic epidemiology of C. auris infection both within this hospital and within a global context, we sequenced the outbreak isolate genomes using Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms to detect antifungal resistance alleles and reannotate the C. auris genome. (ox.ac.uk)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis has developed extensive resistance to numerous antimycobacterial agents used in the treatment of tuberculosis. (uwc.ac.za)

It has long been known that patients treated with the various drugs have variability of response and susceptibility to drug toxicity. (bvsalud.org)
Strain susceptibility and resistance to 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced enteric tumors in germfree rats (40146). (cdc.gov)
mutation that decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. (cdc.gov)

Analyze and interpret sequence data to determine if horizontal gene transfer, mutation, or recombination has occurred. (qubeshub.org)

This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation. (lookformedical.com)

Our unrestrained use of pharmaceuticals has led to microbes developing resistance, through mutations, to a wide range of antibiotics and this has come back, sorely, to bite us. (conservationindia.org)
Antimicrobial Resistance In nature, microbes continuously evolve to overcome antimicrobial compounds produced by other microorganisms. (websarticle.com)
Microbes can become resistant to drugs for both biological and social reasons. (rauias.com)
If a person does not complete a course of antimicrobial drugs, some microbes may survive and develop resistance to the drug. (rauias.com)
Example: intravenous drug use allows exposure to disease-causing microbes. (wikiversity.org)
Many microbial infections are called "endogenous infections" because they are caused by microbes that normally are found on the surface of human hosts. (wikiversity.org)

Vaccination, access to clean water, and antimicrobial drugs have all changed the relationship between humans and pathogens, resulting in a marked increase in life expectancy. (biomedcentral.com)
Although antimicrobial resistance occurs naturally, the widespread and often uncontrolled use of antibiotics in both humans and livestock have exacerbated this ability. (elifesciences.org)

This resistance by pathogens is often the endpoint of an evolutionary process that began billions of years ago in non-disease-causing microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
The result is a perfect storm of opportunity for bacterial human pathogens that exploits millions of years of evolution, uncounted microbial generations, and modern human activity. (cdc.gov)
However, the continuous emergence of drug-resistant pathogens, the threat of pandemics, and the complexity of host-pathogen interactions necessitate innovative strategies for infectious disease control. (alliedacademies.org)
A more insidious but pervasive threat to human health is the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among numerous pathogens, paralleled by a decline in antimicrobial drug discovery. (biomedcentral.com)
Increased resistance of these pathogens to existing antibiotics necessitates the search for novel targets to develop potent antimicrobials. (edu.au)
Real-time PCR is rapidly replacing traditional microbial detection methods as it not only detects infection but also the drug resistance status of the pathogen, which provides an immediate treatment plan with effective drugs, reduces the generation of drug-resistant pathogens, and facilitates the recovery of patients. (medicalbuyer.co.in)

For the INNO-LiPA Rif.TB assay, the pooled sensitivity was 0.97 (95%CI 0.95-0.98) and the pooled specificity was 0.99 (95%CI 0.98-1.00) for detecting rifampin resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates. (cdc.gov)
For the MTBDR and MTBDR( plus ) assays, the pooled sensitivity was 0.98 (95%CI 0.96-0.99) and the pooled specificity was 0.99 (95% CI 0.97-0.99) for detecting rifampin resistance in isolates or directly from clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)
Chromosomal resistance to mupirocin in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus arises from V(588)F or V(631)F mutations in isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IRS). (tamu.edu)
Clinical samples and disease vectors were collected for analysis, and microbial isolates were obtained for further characterization. (who.int)

Using Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) we studied the killing efficiency and resistance mutation rate towards CRISPR-Cas9 antimicrobials and elucidated the underlying genetic alterations. (dtu.dk)
The work presented here provides a guide to design strategies that reduce resistance and improve the activity of CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials. (dtu.dk)
Paying the fitness cost of antimicrobial resistance makes evolutionary sense as long as there is a selective pressure to do so - i.e. antimicrobials keep killing your competition and clearing the way for your offspring. (kerriflood.com)
Eliminating the selective pressure to have antimicrobial resistance (eliminating the use of antimicrobials) will put superbugs at a competitive disadvantage since they require more resources to produce offspring. (kerriflood.com)
In the absence of antimicrobials superbugs will have to either drop their antimicrobial resistance or be overtaken by the competition. (kerriflood.com)
Some researchers note that the development of new antimicrobials is not as profitable as the development of other drugs. (kerriflood.com)
Other researchers note that it is the rapid development and spread of resistance to new antimicrobials - limiting the effective use of the new antimicrobial - that makes new antimicrobial development unprofitable. (kerriflood.com)
We propose 249 potential drug targets, 67 of which are targets for 75 FDA-approved antimicrobials and 35 other researched small molecule inhibitors. (edu.au)
By circumventing the time-consuming and expensive laboratory screens traditionally used to select potential drug targets, our approach provides an attractive alternative that could accelerate the much needed discovery of novel antimicrobials. (edu.au)
It can be transmitted vertically to subsequent microbial generations and eventually become predominant in a microbial population that is repeatedly exposed to antimicrobials. (websarticle.com)
They have intrinsic resistance to various antimicrobials belonging to different classes. (technuc.com)
Doctors sometimes prescribe antimicrobials "just in case," or they prescribe broad-spectrum antimicrobials when a specific drug would be more suitable. (rauias.com)

How have mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with immense variety of microenvironments, selected for a huge diversity of microorganisms? (qubeshub.org)

In four studies, the INNO-LiPA Rif.TB showed 100% specificity and sensitivity ranging from 80% to 100% for detecting rifampin resistance directly from clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)
The CV approach stems from the fact that the log inactivation (LogI) for a single microbial path will be directly proportional to the UV lamp intensity and inversely proportional to the flow rate and organism sensitivity. (iuva.org)
This provides a knowledge scaffold for identifying central pathways whose genetic or chemical targeting may potentiate drug sensitivity. (columbia.edu)

Explain how not completing a full treatment of antibiotics can lead to an increase in resistance in a bacterial population. (qubeshub.org)
Such drugs could target entirely novel pathways or modulate intrinsic resistance programs that increase the efficacy of antibiotics in current use. (columbia.edu)
Using antibiotics in farm animals can promote drug resistance. (rauias.com)
While microbial communities in wastewater thrive on the nutrient-rich streams from sewage systems, they also encounter a range of micropollutants arising from human domestic and industrial activity, including antibiotics. (elifesciences.org)

Kits for detecting mutations associated with rifampin resistance that are commercially available in Europe and elsewhere include line-probe assays (INNO-LiPA® Rif.TB, Innogenetics and GenoType® MTBDR( plus ), Hain LifeScience GmbH) and microarray assays (CombiChip Mycobacteria DR, GENE IN). (cdc.gov)
The major goal of pharmacogenomics research is the development of genotype or transcriptome-based predictive tests of drug efficacy or toxicity. (bvsalud.org)

Passive surveillance using sequence data generated for clinical use would provide an overview of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. (biomedcentral.com)

The system will allow future comprehensive phenotypic characterization of naturally occurring and treatment-induced mutations for PIs in trial or entering clinical use. (ox.ac.uk)

Analysis of mupirocin resistance and fitness in Staphylococcus aureus by molecular genetic and structural modeling techniques. (tamu.edu)

Genomic approaches also facilitate the monitoring of resistance patterns and the evaluation of the efficacy of infection. (alliedacademies.org)
Drug Resistance Mutations and Associated Phenotypes Detected in Clinical Trials of Maribavir for Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Infection. (harvard.edu)
Another important part of this agreement was to prioritise tackling Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) through research and development (R&D), infection prevention and control, as well as antimicrobial stewardship efforts within respective National Action Plans (NAPs). (rauias.com)
See Medscape Drugs & Diseases articles Tuberculosis, Miliary Tuberculosis, Primary Tuberculosis Imaging, Pediatric HIV Infection, and HIV Disease for more information on these topics. (medscape.com)

A mechanism of action usually includes mention of the specific molecular targets to which the drug binds, such as an enzyme or receptor. (wikipedia.org)
The mutations associated with resistance to many of the antituberculosis drugs have been identified, though much work remains to be done to identify the molecular basis of resistance for some of the drugs and to determine the predictive value of finding a particular mutation in a strain of M. tuberculosis (1,2). (cdc.gov)
Molecular genetic tests for detecting drug-resistance are, in general, just a variation of nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests and can reliably provide information on the presence of mutations associated with drug resistance in 1 to 2 days. (cdc.gov)
Because molecular beacons can use different fluorophores, real-time PCR assays can be designed in which different DNA fragments or mutations can be amplified and detected simultaneously in the same tube. (cdc.gov)
Structural explanations for mupirocin resistance and loss of fitness were obtained by molecular modeling of mutated IRS enzymes, which provided data on mupirocin binding and interaction with the isoleucyl-AMP reactive intermediate. (tamu.edu)

Insufficient intracellular accumulation of active moieties allows for selective survival of mycobacteria with drug resistance mutations and accordingly promotes the development of microbial drug resistance. (uwc.ac.za)
The human development of antimicrobial drugs and their widespread clinical use simply provided another selective pressure that encouraged further evolution. (websarticle.com)

This undermines the effectiveness of the available treatment options and thus contributes to the persistence of microbial infections. (who.int)
Therefore, since it is a global public health problem involving several sectors, it also requires a global solution in the context of the One Health approach to achieve adequate control through the prevention, reduction, and mitigation of drug-resistant infections. (who.int)
physical damage to tissues can open tissue barriers that normally limit microbial infections. (wikiversity.org)

Therefore, to understand its evolution and potential impact of resistance, a broad view of what constitutes resistance must be taken. (cdc.gov)
In simple terms, Darwinian evolution tends to work fine when only one mutation is needed to give an advantage. (uncommondescent.com)
If we intelligently design combinations of drugs that would require more mutations than could possibly arise via Darwinian evolution, then we kill cancer cells before they evolve mutations to evade our therapy techniques. (uncommondescent.com)
Several important factors can accelerate the evolution of protein drug resistance . (websarticle.com)
Added Value of Next Generation Sequencing in Characterizing the Evolution of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Kenyan Youth. (harvard.edu)
These conditions provide ample opportunities for the evolution and/or transmission of antimicrobial resistance. (elifesciences.org)

Unfortunately, the environmental factor that is essential for the rising prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis around the globe is humankind. (nationalacademies.org)

Drug Resistance, Viral" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Drug Resistance, Viral" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Drug Resistance, Viral" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Drug Resistance, Viral" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
High concordance in plasma and CSF HIV-1 drug resistance mutations despite high cases of CSF viral escape in individuals with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in Botswana. (harvard.edu)

By knowing what cellular structure an anti-infective or anticancer drug acts upon, it is possible to administer a cocktail that inhibits multiple targets simultaneously, thereby reducing the risk that a single mutation in microbial or tumor DNA will lead to drug resistance and treatment failure. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor immunotherapy resistance is a crucial factor hindering the efficacy of tumor treatments, which can be largely attributed to the immunosuppressive properties of tumor microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)

Some also detect mutations associated with isoniazid resistance. (cdc.gov)

They create drug cocktails that bank upon the fact that there are limits to how much living things can evolve on their own. (uncommondescent.com)
He says we kill cancer cells by using many ("combinations of") drugs -- more than they can possibly evolve resistance to. (uncommondescent.com)

The clinical failure of antimicrobial drugs that were previously effective in controlling infectious disease is a tragedy of increasing magnitude that gravely affects human health. (cdc.gov)
Sequencing also has a role in drug discovery pathways, the laboratory evaluation of lead compounds, and the clinical phases of drug evaluation. (biomedcentral.com)
According to Shomron 7 (2010), this field of the clinical pharmacology studies the contribution of genomes, transcriptomes and proteomes in determining drug-response phenotypes (safety and efficacy). (bvsalud.org)

Discovery that sildenafil inhibits phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) proteins, for example, enabled this drug to be repurposed for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment, since PDE-5 is expressed in pulmonary hypertensive lungs. (wikipedia.org)
Gain Therapeutics is redefining drug discovery with its SEE-Tx™ target identification platform. (websarticle.com)

Due to the physical interactions between the labeled molecule and a protein, biochemical methods can be used to determine the toxicity, efficacy, and mechanism of action of the drug. (wikipedia.org)

Hobson CA, Bonacorsi S, Jacquier H, Choudhury A, Magnan M, Cointe A, Bercot B, Tenaillon O, Birgy A KPC Beta-Lactamases Are Permissive to Insertions and Deletions Conferring Substrate Spectrum Modifications and Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam. (iame-research.center)

Most spontaneous first-step mupirocin-resistant mutants carried V(588)F or V(631)F mutations in IRS, but a new mutation (G(593)V) was also identified. (tamu.edu)

Finding pinch-points to stop transmission between reservoirs could limit the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. (biomedcentral.com)

Receptor sites have specific affinities for drugs based on the chemical structure of the drug, as well as the specific action that occurs there. (wikipedia.org)
How Antimicrobial Resistance occurs? (rauias.com)

In a general sense, but one of which I believe Darwin might approve, the emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis represents such a phenomenon. (nationalacademies.org)
Transmission, distribution and drug resistance-conferring mutations of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy5

Organisms11

Diseases13

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes107

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science5

Health Care5

Geographicals1

Genes24

Antibiotic28

Strains9

20222

Genetic mutations1

Genomics7

Confer resistance2

Bacteria13

Mechanisms7

Chromosomal mutations1

Compensatory mutations6

Genome2

Mycobacterium1

Susceptibility3

Recombination1

Acquired through gene mutation1

Microbes6

Humans2

Pathogens6

Isolates4

Antimicrobials12

Horizontal gene tra1

Sensitivity3

Antibiotics4

Genotype2

Spread of antimicrobial resistance1

Phenotypic1

Staphylococcus Aureus1

Infection4

Molecular5

Selective2

Infections3

Evolution6

Prevalence1

Viral4

Tumor2

Isoniazid1

Evolve2

Clinical3

Discovery2

Efficacy1

Beta-lactamases1

Spontaneous1

Dissemination1

Occurs2

Tuberculosis2