AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Meige SyndromeBlepharospasmAnti-Dyskinesia AgentsDystoniaDystonic DisordersDyskinesia, Drug-InducedEyelid DiseasesFacial MusclesHemifacial SpasmNeuromuscular AgentsBlinkingDystonia Musculorum DeformansBotulinum Toxins, Type AEncyclopedias as TopicTorsion AbnormalityMuscle ContractionTorticollis
Focal dystoniaMusculorum deformansDeep Brain StimuSpasmsCranial dystoniaOnsetContractionsForm of dystoniaEyelidIdiopathicTorsion dystoniaEssential blepharospasmSpasmodicBilateralSymptomsLimbOrofacialMeige'sTremorMovementsPatientsWriter'sInvoluntary contractionNeurologistOccurAbnormalHemifacialOrbicularisBotulinum toxinExcessiveDystonicSevereEtiologyDisorderSecondaryPrimaryHereditaryInvoluntarilyAffectsClinicalTreatmentDisordersNeuromuscularManifestsMyectomyStrokeInjectionTypicallyDefectiveMovementClosureFacialTongueInclude
Focal dystonia2
Musculorum deformans2
Deep Brain Stimu5
  • To report the first cranio- cervical dystonia (Meige syndrome) patient who received Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) implant in Hong Kong. (mdsabstracts.org)
  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is a treatment option for dystonia. (mdsabstracts.org)
  • Wang X, Chao Zhang C, Wang Y, et al, Deep Brain Stimulation for Craniocervical Dystonia (Meige Syndrome): A Report of Four Patients and a Literature-Based Analysis of Its Treatment Effects. (mdsabstracts.org)
  • Other techniques include transection of the spinal accessory nerve for cervical dystonia, stereotactic thalamotomy or pallidotomy for generalized dystonia, and deep brain stimulation (DBS). (medscape.com)
  • Houser M, Waltz T. Meige syndrome and pallidal deep brain stimulation. (medscape.com)
Spasms4
  • Dystonias are sustained involuntary muscle contractions of antagonistic muscle groups in the same body part, leading to sustained abnormal posturing or jerky, twisting, intermittent spasms that can resemble tremors, athetosis, or choreoathetosis. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Intermittent spasms of the neck muscles or abnormal head movements occur because of contractions of the sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and posterior cervical muscles. (medscape.com)
  • Little progress was made in the diagnosis or treatment of blepharospasm until the early 20th century, when Henry Meige (pronounced "mehzh"), a French neurologist, described a patient with eyelid and midface spasms, spasm facial median, a disorder now known as Meige syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • At one end of the clinical spectrum, essential blepharospasm is manifested by simple increased blink rate and intermittent eyelid spasms, while at the other end of the spectrum, blepharospasm is a disabling condition with ocular pain and functional blindness. (medscape.com)
Cranial dystonia1
Onset9
  • However, it is unknown if the gene that causes Early-onset torsion dystonia is responsible for the other dystonias as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • Early-onset torsion dystonia: The most severe type of dystonia, it begins in an arm or leg and progresses to the rest of the body until the person - in most cases, a child - is reliant on a wheelchair. (wikipedia.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Mutations in the F-box protein 7 (FBXO7) gene is one of the genetic causes of early-onset Parkinson's disease, which usually presents as autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome (PPS). (bvsalud.org)
  • This usually manifests as early-onset parkinsonian-pyramidal syndrome but patients exhibit high phenotypic variability. (bvsalud.org)
  • Dystonia can occur at any age, but is often described as either early, or childhood, onset versus adult onset. (medlink.com)
  • Early-onset dystonia often begins with symptoms in the limbs and may progress to involve other regions. (medlink.com)
  • Adult-onset dystonia usually is located in one or adjacent parts of the body, most often involving the neck and/or facial muscles. (medlink.com)
  • A 53 year-old lady, suffered from insidious onset of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia since 2011. (mdsabstracts.org)
  • The mean age of onset of blepharospasm is 56 years, and two thirds of patients are age 60 years or older. (medscape.com)
Contractions7
  • Dystonia is a disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause slow repetitive movements or abnormal postures. (medlink.com)
  • Blepharospasm causes involuntary muscle contractions in the eyelid and brow muscles. (dystoniacanada.org)
  • The repetitive muscle contractions may be subtle and result in mild blinking, or more robust and cause sustained, forced closure of the eyes. (dystoniacanada.org)
  • The muscle contractions are more rapid and transient than those of blepharospasm, and the condition is always confined to one side. (dystoniacanada.org)
  • spasmodic torticollis)-involuntary contractions of the neck muscles-is the most common dystonia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Dystonia (from Greek, meaning altered muscle tone) refers to a syndrome of involuntary sustained or spasmodic muscle contractions involving co-contraction of the agonist and the antagonist. (medscape.com)
  • Treats excessive, abnormal contractions associated with blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
Form of dystonia2
  • The complications surrounding this form of dystonia are speech related and can cause symptoms such as speech that wavers, speech that sounds like a whisper, or speech that is hesitant. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dystonia can affect many different parts of the body, and the symptoms are different depending upon the form of dystonia. (medlink.com)
Eyelid2
  • Hemifacial spasm- a non-dystonic condition involving various muscles on one side of the face, often including the eyelid, and caused by irritation of the facial nerve. (dystoniacanada.org)
  • She had functional blindness secondary to blepharospasm that required wearing special eyeglasses with eyelid retractor for daily living. (mdsabstracts.org)
Idiopathic5
Torsion dystonia3
Essential blepharospasm5
Spasmodic2
Bilateral3
Symptoms6
  • This specific type of dystonia is frequently found in children, with symptoms starting around the ages of 11 or 12. (wikipedia.org)
  • BLOOM SYNDROME Afflicts 1 of 120 jews, but Most jews Have Some of the Less Severe Symptoms. (fathersmanifesto.net)
  • The diagnosis of blepharospasm relies on the ability of a qualified healthcare professional to recognize the symptoms and rule out other possibilities. (dystoniacanada.org)
  • Symptoms of blepharospasm may begin with increased blinking, light sensitivity, a sensation of eye irritation or dry eyes, or a foreign body sensation. (dystoniacanada.org)
  • Munhoz RP, Teive HA, Della Coletta MV. Frequency of obsessive and compulsive symptoms in patients with blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. (medscape.com)
  • In this post, I will follow up on a related patient experience about social discomfort and Dystonia and another on depression and Dystonia by sharing some tips to manage your Dystonia related anxiety, stress, and symptoms in social situations. (dystoniarecoveryprogram.com)
Limb3
  • It most often affects the large axial muscles of the trunk and limb girdles. (lookformedical.com)
  • Upper limb dystonia causes cramping and posturing of the elbows, hands, and fingers that lead to the inability to perform certain occupational tasks. (medscape.com)
  • This circuit forms a blepharospasm vicious cycle, which has a sensory limb, a central control center located in the midbrain, and a motor limb. (medscape.com)
Orofacial2
Meige's1
Tremor2
  • In our paper, we describe the second report of a patient with 18q- Syndrome, blepharospasm, and dystonic tremor of his right hand and hyperthyroidism instead of hypothyroidism. (bvsalud.org)
  • The movements may be painful, and some individuals with dystonia may have a tremor or other neurologic features. (medlink.com)
Movements1
  • Eventually the practiced proper eyeball movements produce contextual muscle memory so the new tracking can run unconsciously in the background without asking for it. (dystoniarecoveryprogram.com)
Patients8
  • A study by Paracka et al indicated that patients with dystonia have an impaired body concept, particularly with regard to general health, body care, physical efficacy, sexuality, and physical appearance. (medscape.com)
  • Because of the risk of significant comorbidity, surgical approaches are reserved for patients with disabling dystonia in whom other treatment modalities have been exhausted. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with generalized dystonia often benefit from gait and mobility training, as well as from instruction in the use of assistive devices. (medscape.com)
  • [ 11 , 12 ] Fayers et al have found a decrease in corneal sensitivity in patients with blepharospasm, implying an impairment in cortical processing of sensory input, with a resultant loss of blink reflex inhibition. (medscape.com)
  • Increase doses 2-fold over previous dose for patients experiencing incomplete paralysis of target muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Jankovic J, Orman J. Blepharospasm: demographic and clinical survey of 250 patients. (medscape.com)
  • Bentivoglio AR, Daniele A, Albanese A. Analysis of blink rate in patients with blepharospasm. (medscape.com)
  • Join the complete online recovery program for dystonia patients. (dystoniarecoveryprogram.com)
Writer's1
Involuntary contraction2
Neurologist1
  • The type of doctor that is typically trained to diagnose and treat blepharospasm and other dystonias is a neurologist with special training in movement disorders, often called a movement disorder specialist. (dystoniacanada.org)
Occur2
  • In some cases, dystonia can affect only one specific action, while allowing others to occur unimpeded. (medlink.com)
  • This may occur in stroke or dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome and lead to painful positioning of the leg, impaired gait, and altered bone development. (medscape.com)
Abnormal1
  • The frequent abnormal posturing and twisting can be painful, and the functional impact of dystonia can vary from barely noticeable to severely disabling. (medscape.com)
Hemifacial1
Orbicularis2
  • tonic or clonic spasm of the orbicularis oculi muscle. (lookformedical.com)
  • The motor pathway is composed of the facial nucleus, facial nerve, and orbicularis oculi, corrugator, and procerus muscles. (medscape.com)
Botulinum toxin4
  • Botulinum toxin injections are used to treat focal or segmental dystonias. (msdmanuals.com)
  • She received botulinum toxin injection without much improvement in dystonia control. (mdsabstracts.org)
  • Botulinum toxin and myectomy help to control blepharospasm but may not cure it. (medscape.com)
  • Morrison DA, Mellington FB, Hamada S. Schwartz-Jampel syndrome: surgical management of the myotonia-induced blepharospasm and acquired ptosis after failure with botulinum toxin A injections. (medscape.com)
Excessive1
  • Experts believe dystonia results from excessive signals arising from the brain that cause muscles to contract inappropriately. (dystoniacanada.org)
Dystonic2
  • Conditions which feature persistent or recurrent episodes of dystonia as a primary manifestation of disease are referred to as DYSTONIC DISORDERS. (lookformedical.com)
  • While there was no correlation found between impaired body concept and severity of dystonia, such an association did exist with regard to self-rated depression and dystonic severity. (medscape.com)
Severe2
  • Treatment of severe generalized dystonia may require a combination of oral anticholinergic drugs, muscle relaxants, and benzodiazepines. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Severe segmental or generalized dystonia that is refractory to treatment may require surgery. (msdmanuals.com)
Etiology1
Disorder4
  • or the group of syndromes to which autistic disorder belongs - the autism spectrum disorders . (wikipedia.org)
  • Generalized dystonia may be inherited or secondary to another disorder or drug. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A dystonia is a movement disorder that causes the muscles to contract and spasm involuntarily. (medscape.com)
  • Blepharospasm is now recognized as a neuropathologic disorder, rather than psychopathologic, as once was believed. (medscape.com)
Secondary2
  • Acquired dystonia, also called secondary dystonia, results from environmental or other damage to the brain, or from exposure to certain types of medications. (medlink.com)
  • Dystonias can be primary or secondary and can be generalized, focal, or segmental. (msdmanuals.com)
Primary1
Hereditary1
  • Dystonia can be a symptom of other diseases, some of which may be hereditary. (medlink.com)
Involuntarily1
  • The main concern for this dystonia is that it can cause the eyelids to close involuntarily and for indefinite periods of time. (wikipedia.org)
Affects1
  • Blepharospasm almost always affects both eyes, but may begin in one eye. (dystoniacanada.org)
Clinical1
Treatment1
Disorders2
  • Movement disorders are rare and only one case with dystonia was described. (bvsalud.org)
  • Blepharospasm may result from drug exposure, brain injury, or disorders such as parkinsonian syndromes and Wilson's disease. (dystoniacanada.org)
Neuromuscular1
  • Included are agents that act directly on skeletal muscle, those that alter neuromuscular transmission (NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS), and drugs that act centrally as skeletal muscle relaxants (MUSCLE RELAXANTS, CENTRAL). (lookformedical.com)
Manifests1
Myectomy1
  • In cases that do not respond to other treatments, myectomy surgery in which portions of muscle are removed may be attempted. (dystoniacanada.org)
Stroke1
  • Some causes of acquired dystonia include birth injury (including hypoxia, a lack of oxygen to the brain, and neonatal brain hemorrhage), certain infections, reactions to certain drugs, heavy metal or carbon monoxide poisoning, trauma, or stroke. (medlink.com)
Injection1
Typically1
  • Dystonia typically is not associated with problems thinking or understanding, but depression and anxiety may be present. (medlink.com)
Defective3
  • The defective protein creates a disruption in communication in neurons that control muscle movement and muscle control. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some instances, persons who inherit the defective gene may not develop dystonia. (medlink.com)
  • If the central control center fails to regulate blinking in blepharospasm, it is believed to be only one component of an overloaded, defective circuit. (medscape.com)
Movement4
  • The medications focus on the chemicals released by neurotransmitters in the nervous system, which control muscle movement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inability to execute a voluntary movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Normal balance depends on information from the labyrinth in the inner ear, from other senses such as sight and touch, and from muscle movement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers believe that dystonia results from an abnormality in or damage to the basal ganglia or other brain regions that control movement. (medlink.com)
Closure1
Facial4
  • Recurrent clonic contraction of facial muscles, restricted to one side. (lookformedical.com)
  • Muscles of facial expression or mimetic muscles that include the numerous muscles supplied by the facial nerve that are attached to and move the skin of the face. (lookformedical.com)
  • Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR. (lookformedical.com)
  • Other facial muscles also may be involved. (medscape.com)
Tongue1
Include1
  • Surgical options for intractable dystonias include altering the location or length of problematic muscles, but this is rarely successful. (medscape.com)