Muscles neurons. Medical search. Frequent questions

It is a fatal disorder and is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting or atrophy (ie, amyotrophy), spasticity, and fasciculations as a result of degeneration of the UMNs and LMNs, culminating in respiratory paralysis. (medscape.com)
Signs and symptoms reflect frontal and temporal lobe dysfunction with lower motor neuron-type weakness, muscle atrophy, and fasciculations. (medscape.com)
Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 (SMARD1) is an inherited condition that causes muscle weakness and respiratory failure typically beginning in infancy. (medlineplus.gov)
Soon after respiratory failure occurs, individuals with SMARD1 develop muscle weakness in their distal muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
however, within 2 years, the muscle weakness typically stops getting worse. (medlineplus.gov)
The cumulative death of alpha-motor neurons leads to breathing problems and progressive muscle weakness in children with SMARD1. (medlineplus.gov)
ALS typically starts with muscle weakness that gets worse over time. (dailymail.co.uk)
With ALS, nerve cells gradually lose the ability to trigger specific muscles, causing weakness that develops into paralysis - which in some eventually leads to CLIS. (healthline.com)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which causes muscle weakness or wasting. (alz.org)
At least 200 mutations in the SOD1 gene have been found to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a condition characterized by progressive muscle weakness, a loss of muscle mass, and an inability to control movement. (medlineplus.gov)
Motor neuron dysfunction results in muscle weakness or paralysis. (msdmanuals.com)

KEY POINTS: A central and unresolved question is how spinal motor neurons are controlled to generate movement. (nih.gov)
We decoded the spiking activities of dozens of spinal motor neurons innervating six muscles during a multi-joint task, and we used a purely data-driven method grounded on graph theory to extract networks of motor neurons based on their correlated activity (considered as common input). (nih.gov)
It is characterized by pyramidal cell loss in the frontal and temporal lobes and degeneration of motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus and spinal motor neurons. (medscape.com)

Where the tip of each axon comes into proximity with a muscle fibre, it forms a synapse with that fibre. (github.io)
This special form of synapse between a motor neuron axon and a muscle fibre is called a neuromuscular junction. (github.io)
Fusimotor axons originate either from gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs), which only innervate intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle, or from alpha motor neurons (α-MNs), which innervate extrafusal muscle and also send a β-skeletofusimotor collateral axon to innervate the muscle spindle [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Besides the axon, neurons have other branches called dendrites that are usually shorter than axons and are unmyelinated. (britannica.com)

ALS is the most common motor neuron disease which causes the deterioration of the upper and lower motor neurons. (cdc.gov)
The brain and spinal column contain cells known as motor neurons-upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the spine. (popsci.com)
According to Scientific American , researchers have also known for some time that there are actually multiple variations of the disease: Progressive muscular atrophy primarily affects the lower motor neurons, primary lateral sclerosis affects the upper ones, and progressive baldor palsy affects the face, tongue, and muscles we use to swallow. (popsci.com)

Lindvall, allowed for the first time the visualisation of the dopamine neuron system in its entirety, and allowed us to map anatomically the previously unknown dopamine projections to cortical and limbic areas. (lu.se)

We analysed these activities by identifying their common low-frequency components, from which networks of correlated activity to the motor neurons were derived and interpreted as networks of common synaptic inputs. (nih.gov)
The nerve terminal is wrapped by a myelinating Schwann cell, and is separated from the postsynaptic surface of the muscle by the synaptic cleft which contains an external lamina. (cellimagelibrary.org)
The area of synaptic contact between motor neurons and their target muscle fibers is the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). (github.io)
It is the synaptic end bulb of the motor neuron that comprises the nervous system component of the neuromuscular junction. (github.io)
The result is an interesting mechanism whereby two opposing forces work together to create the crucial synaptic connections between motor neurons and muscle cells," said co-author Prafulla Aryal. (sciencedaily.com)
GFP display structural and synaptic features of γ-MNs and are selectively lost in mutants lacking target muscle spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendrites are thought to form receiving surfaces for synaptic input from other neurons. (britannica.com)

Pyramidal neurons in the premotor cortex usually are preserved. (medscape.com)
Somatosensory cortex microstimulation modulates primary motor and premotor cortex neurons with extensive spatial convergence and divergence. (rochester.edu)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a fatal motor neuron disease that causes people to gradually lose control of their muscles. (news-medical.net)
ALS is a motor neuron disease also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. (alz.org)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive and fatal disease, attacking neurons that control voluntary movement. (cdc.gov)

Muscle paralysis can be caused by a number of factors, but injured motor neurons that no longer conduct signals from the brain to control muscle movement are often the underlying condition. (medgadget.com)
While electrical stimulation holds promise for overcoming certain types of paralysis, damaged motor neurons prevent even that approach. (medgadget.com)
Typically between the ages of 6 weeks and 6 months, infants with this condition will experience a sudden inability to breathe due to paralysis of the muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest cavity (the diaphragm). (medlineplus.gov)
The nerves lose the ability to trigger specific muscles, which causes the muscles to become weak and leads to paralysis. (cdc.gov)

The study supports the theory that movements are produced through the control of small numbers of groups of motor neurons via common inputs and that there is a partial mismatch between these groups of motor neurons and muscle anatomy. (nih.gov)

Scientists have created one of the most detailed 3D images of the synapse, the important juncture where neurons communicate with each other through an exchange of chemical signals. (news-medical.net)
The neuromuscular junction is basically a synapse: the neuron releases a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh) which binds to receptors on the sarcolemma (the cell wall of the muscle fiber). (github.io)
However, three weeks after conception, all the sites have disappeared, except those that connected with a newly arrived motor neuron and formed a fully functioning synapse. (sciencedaily.com)
Called acetylcholine, this neurotransmitter 'edits out' the potential synapse sites on the muscle cell not destined to connect to a nerve. (sciencedaily.com)

Our study provides the first evidence in a living animal system that the neurotransmitters themselves are sculpturing the developing nervous system," said Kuo-Fen Lee, Associate Professor at the Salk, who heads the research team reporting its results in Neuron. (sciencedaily.com)
Association neurons, usually smaller than motor neurons, are linked with other parts of the nervous system by way of the neuropile. (britannica.com)
To ensure smooth movement, a complex system of sensory elements monitors the condition of the musculoskeletal systems measuring joint forces, muscle forces, and muscle length and provides continuous feedback to the central nervous system which then modifies the commands sent to the muscles. (cdc.gov)
3. What is the substructure of the neuron (functional unit of the nervous system)? (fsu.edu)
7. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: Organization of catecholamine neurons in the rat central nervous system. (lu.se)

The mice had new motor neurons, that were generated from embryonic stem cells, grafted onto the injured nerves. (medgadget.com)
The neurons were engineered to depolarize when illuminated via a light-sensitive ion channel that was genetically introduced into the cells. (medgadget.com)
When blue light was introduced to the grafted cells, the muscles contracted. (medgadget.com)
We custom-tailored embryonic stem cells so that motor neurons derived from them can function as part of the muscle pacemaker device. (medgadget.com)
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute and UCL have shown that hundreds of proteins and mRNA molecules are found in the wrong place in nerve cells affected by Motor Neuron Disease (MND), also known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). (news-medical.net)
The characterisation of muscles and their respective motorneurons in the previous chapters led me directly to the task of relating these pairs of cells from A8/9 to pairs in the reference segment. (serverdomain.org)
Mutation of a neuronal transcription factor that activates neurons causes protein misfolding and aggregation (green) in worm muscle cells. (silverchair.com)
The authors discovered that mutations in a transcription factor found only in neurons increased aggregation of polyglutamine-containing proteins in muscle cells in C. elegans . (silverchair.com)
In these neurons, the stretch usually counteracted the bradykinin-induced response, i.e. shortening and reducing bradykinin-induced excitation and re-exciting the cells after bradykinin-induced inhibition. (uaeu.ac.ae)
What is the difference between principal neurons and pyramidal cells? (stackexchange.com)
Salk researchers have discovered that the same chemicals (called neurotransmitters) that are responsible for nerve signals are also involved in the wiring of synapses, the network's crucial contact points between nerves, or between nerves and muscle cells. (sciencedaily.com)
As they grow towards the muscle cells, the nerve cells release a powerful chemical messenger from their growing ends. (sciencedaily.com)
In mature animals, acetylcholine is a key neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals between nerve cells and muscle. (sciencedaily.com)
Fluorescence imaging of actutely isolated cells revealed that dye uptake was successful within five days following injection of dye in the cardiac muscle. (psu.edu)
Skeletal muscles are the largest cells in the body and are one of the few syncytial ones. (frontiersin.org)
There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
Skeletal muscle is fairly unique in that the mature cells are syncytial and can contain hundreds of nuclei. (frontiersin.org)
ALS affects nerve cells for muscles of both the upper and lower body. (cdc.gov)
Other MNDs affect nerve cells for muscles of either the upper or lower body. (cdc.gov)
They show that treating cultured mouse neurons expressing human APP with the acetylcholine receptor agonist carbachol increased the production of α-secretase cleavage products, but no such effect occurred in cells from M1 knockout mice. (alzforum.org)
In lipolysis, fat tissue is broken down into fatty acids, which must then be converted to glucose, or blood sugar, before they can be used as energy by muscle cells. (livescience.com)
The research team, including Bulent Ataman, Gabriella L. Boulting, and Michael E. Greenberg of Harvard Medical School, pinpointed this gene by subjecting cultured human neurons to conditions that mimic what happens when neurons receive input from other cells in the brain. (acs.org)
Further experiments revealed that, when turned on in neurons, OSTN helps regulate the growth and shape of dendrites, the spiny structures the cells use to connect up with their neighbors during development and learning and memory. (acs.org)
ALS is caused by the death of nerve cells that control muscle movement (motor neurons). (medlineplus.gov)
Extraocular muscles differ histologically from most other skeletal muscles in that they are made up of 2 different types of muscle cells. (medscape.com)

As well, many older individuals suffer from sarcopenia, a protracted muscle wasting disorder that typically begins after the age of 50 and involves a loss of about 1% of muscle mass per year ( Woo, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)

The present work was designed to check for the possibility of interactions between mechanical innocuous and chemically induced noxious muscle afferent inputs on discharge behavior of nociceptive superficial dorsal horn neurons (SDHNs) of the spinal cord in decerebrated cats. (uaeu.ac.ae)

PBP is a progressive degenerative disorder of the motor nuclei in the medulla (specifically involving the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves) that produces atrophy and fasciculations of the lingual muscles, dysarthria, and dysphagia. (medscape.com)
A newborn baby moves, breathes and cries in part because a network of nerves called motor neurons carry signals from the infant's brain and spinal cord to muscles throughout its body. (sciencedaily.com)
However, a patient might have biopsies of their muscles or nerves, as well as blood and urine tests to rule out other causes. (dailymail.co.uk)
Similarly, doctors may perform a nerve conduction test, which measures the nerves' ability to send signals to muscles, and can determine if a patient has nerve damage. (dailymail.co.uk)
Bundles of fibres from neurons are held together by connective tissue and form nerves. (britannica.com)
the deterioration of the nerves is not as rapid and doesn't extend as far, especially with regard to the breathing and eating muscles. (popsci.com)
[ 1 ] All other nerves enter their respective muscle at the junction of the posterior one third and anterior two thirds of the muscle. (medscape.com)

Stellate ganglion (SG) neurons provide the main sympathetic innervation to the heart and help to regulate cardiac function. (psu.edu)
Deletion of GDNF expression from muscle spindles results in the selective elimination of γ-MNs with preservation of the spindle and its sensory innervation. (biomedcentral.com)
The innervation to fibrillenstruktur fibrils is thick and heavily myelinated, with a single (en plaque) neuromuscular junction, whereas the innervation to felderstruktur fibrils is thin, with multiple grapelike clusters of neuromuscular junctions. (medscape.com)
The parasympathetic innervation to the pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle travels with the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle. (medscape.com)

Cholinergic motor neurons supply both types of muscle fibers. (medscape.com)

Gamma motor neurons (γ-MNs) selectively innervate muscle spindle intrafusal fibers and regulate their sensitivity to stretch. (biomedcentral.com)
They constitute a distinct subpopulation that differs in morphology, physiology and connectivity from α-MNs, which innervate extrafusal muscle fibers and exert force. (biomedcentral.com)

Medial and lateral rectus muscles originate from the annulus of Zinn. (medscape.com)

The mechanisms that control the differentiation of functionally distinct fusimotor neurons are unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
Optogenetic approaches promise to revolutionize neuroscience by using light to manipulate neural activity in genetically or functionally defined neurons with millisecond precision. (nature.com)

Researchers from University College London and King's College London have just reported in journal Science on a new light-based technique that restores muscle movement in mice with injured motor neurons. (medgadget.com)
However, the muscle is not the lowest neural level of movement control. (nih.gov)
When a movement is repeated over time, the brain creates a long-term muscle memory for that task, eventually allowing it to be performed with little to no conscious effort. (wikipedia.org)
The saxitoxins act by blocking sodium ion movement through voltage-dependent sodium channels in nerve and muscle cell membranes. (medscape.com)
But thanks to a computer that allowed him to write a few words a minute using the movement of his cheek muscles, Hawking authored books and papers and gave countless lectures until shortly before his death. (popsci.com)
This study answers a long-standing question about whether people with complete locked-in syndrome (CLIS) - who have lost all voluntary muscle control, including movement of the eyes or mouth - also lose the ability of their brain to generate commands for communication," Jonas Zimmermann , PhD, a study author and Senior Neuroscientist at the Wyss Center in Geneva, said in a statement . (healthline.com)
Paul Poulakos , DO, a board certified psychiatrist in Greenwich Village, New York, said being fully lucid while experiencing intense bodily changes such as losing voluntary muscle movement, or the ability to speak has psychological consequences. (healthline.com)
The result is the gradual loss of muscle movement, speech, swallowing, and eventually breathing. (cdc.gov)

The place where a neuron makes contact with an individual muscle fiber is called a neuromuscular junction. (github.io)

The vast majority of the identified motor neurons shared common inputs with other motor neuron(s). (nih.gov)
In addition, groups of motor neurons were partly decoupled from their innervated muscle, such that motor neurons innervating the same muscle did not necessarily receive common inputs. (nih.gov)
Conversely, some motor neurons from different muscles-including distant muscles-received common inputs. (nih.gov)
We provide a new neural framework for a deeper understanding of the structure of common inputs to motor neurons. (nih.gov)

The purpose of this research is to get a better picture of who gets ALS or other motor neuron diseases. (cdc.gov)
The discovery emerged as researchers sought to understand the fractal nature of neurons as part of a project to design fractal-shaped electrodes to connect with retinal neurons to address vision loss due to retinal diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
The discovery, reported in Nature Scientific Reports Jan. 27, emerged as researchers sought to understand the fractal nature of neurons as part of a University of Oregon project to design fractal-shaped electrodes to connect with retinal neurons to address vision loss due to retinal diseases. (sciencedaily.com)
A lot of diseases result in losing connectivity, and neuron D values may be dropping as they move into a pathological state," he said. (sciencedaily.com)
What are motor neuron (nerve cell) diseases? (cdc.gov)
ALS is one of a group of conditions known as motor neuron diseases (MNDs). (cdc.gov)

Data now suggest that delocalization, accumulation, and ubiquitination of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm of motor neurons are early dysfunctions in the cascade of the events leading to motor neuron degeneration in ALS. (medscape.com)

In neurons, these features include position, dendritic and axonal projections, patterns of gene expression and targets. (serverdomain.org)
The conserved morphology of their respective neurons (see Chapter 3) adds further support for claiming equivalence: Their dendritic projections look very similar to those of equivalent neurons in more anterior segments. (serverdomain.org)
This supports the view that the grossly enlarged dendritic projections of aCC in A8 and RP2 in A9 (see Chapter 3) are indeed related to a change in the function of these neurons and their respective target muscles. (serverdomain.org)
We were also the first to identify and map the dopaminergic projections to the habenula and the spinal cord, and reveal the special dendritic projections from the nigra compacta neurons that allow dopamine to be released from dendrites in the pars reticulata. (lu.se)
4. Björklund, A., Lindvall, O.: Dopamine in dendrites of substantia nigra neurons: suggestions for a role in dendritic terminals. (lu.se)

Motor neuron that innervates the dorsal medial muscle 45e. (virtualflybrain.org)
It has a large soma, located ipsilateral to dorsal medial muscle 45e, in the ventrolateral part of the ventral nerve cord at the border of the pro- and mesothoracic neuromeres. (virtualflybrain.org)
Lumbar spinothalmic neurons in medial gray of L3-L4 co-localized PRV and GRP. (elsevierpure.com)
The tendon of the medial rectus muscle inserts 5.5 mm posterior to the limbus along the medial aspect of the globe. (medscape.com)
The lower division of CN III innervates the inferior rectus, medial rectus, and inferior oblique muscles. (medscape.com)

There is a longstanding belief that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm, so when a muscle grows (hypertrophy) or shrinks (atrophy), the number of myonuclei change accordingly. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)

Sensory neuron dysfunction results in abnormal or lost sensation. (msdmanuals.com)

The disease (which in the U.K. is called motor neuron disease, and in the U.S. commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease) typically runs its fatal course more swiftly. (popsci.com)

Aim: To identify spinal and brains neurons involved in the control of the levator ani (LA) and bulbospongiosus (BS) in the male adult and preadolescent rat. (elsevierpure.com)
After 3-5 days rats were sacrificed, and PRV-labeled neurons in the spinal cords and brains were identified using immunohistochemistry. (elsevierpure.com)
If you look at marine mammals such as dolphins and whales, they have large brains, but they have fewer neurons than humans. (lu.se)
The article describes how it has been possible to count the number of neurons in the brain, revealing that the brains of certain birds have a very high neuron density, even higher than humans. (lu.se)

Using mice as a model for human biology, Lee and colleagues showed that each long, thin muscle cell in the developing embryo prepares for the arrival of its motor neurons by creating sites for many potential synapses along its length. (sciencedaily.com)
In addition, Davis and coworkers show that treating neurons from M1 knockout mice with carbachol increased Aβ production, probably via stimulation of other non-M1 muscarinic receptor subtypes. (alzforum.org)

The upper division of the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve [CN] III) innervates the superior rectus and the levator palpebrae superioris muscles. (medscape.com)
The trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle, entering it approximately one third of the distance from the origin to the trochlea. (medscape.com)
The abducens nerve (CN VI) innervates the lateral rectus muscle. (medscape.com)

Main Outcomes Measures: The location and number of PRV-labeled neurons in the spinal cord and brain and GRP colocalization in the lumbar spinal cord. (elsevierpure.com)
Conclusion: Common spinal and brain pathways project to the LA and BS muscles in the rat suggesting that these muscles act together to coordinate male sexual reflexes. (elsevierpure.com)
Working with collaborators at the University of Auckland and University of Canterbury in New Zealand, confocal microscopy of neurons in the hippocampal region of a rat's brain revealed an intricate interplay of branches weaving through space at multiple size scales before connecting to other neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
The firing of those neurons in turn depends on the strength of electrical impulses sent by the brain. (newscientist.com)
That suggests you can increase muscle strength solely by sending a larger signal to motor neurons from the brain," says Guang Yue, an exercise physiologist at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in Ohio. (newscientist.com)
To move a muscle, the brain sends messages from the upper motor neurons through to the lower ones, and then to the muscles we want to move. (popsci.com)
But how does the brain achieve both types of smiles using the same facial muscles? (psychologytoday.com)
His brain was edematous and had hypoxic injury to the neurons. (cdc.gov)
Autopsy findings included a soft swollen brain with axial herniation and hypoxic injury to the neurons. (cdc.gov)
The focus of my postdoctoral work was to sort out the anatomical organization of the dopamine and noradrenaline neuron systems in the brain using the new glyoxylic acid histofluorescence method. (lu.se)
2. Lindvall, O., Björklund, A.: The organization of the ascending catecholamine neuron systems in the rat brain as revealed by the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method. (lu.se)

The majority of spinal interneurons were found in the lumbosacral spinal cord in the region of the dorsal gray commissure and parasympathetic preganglionic neurons. (elsevierpure.com)

Each muscle cell is composed of groups of myofibrils called sarcomeres. (medscape.com)
Fibrillenstruktur (or fast-twitch) muscle fibrils generate fast eye movements and are composed of well-defined myofibrils with well-developed sarcomeres. (medscape.com)
Felderstruktur muscle fibrils generate slow or tonic eye movements and are composed of poorly defined myofibrils with poorly developed sarcomeres. (medscape.com)

Motor neurons send signals to the muscles. (cdc.gov)
The study, published in the May issue of the journal Neuron, showed that as the motor neurons grow from their home base in the spinal cord towards muscles throughout the body, they release two opposing chemical signals. (sciencedaily.com)
These signals act to preserve synapses that link a motor neuron to its correct muscle cell. (sciencedaily.com)

The authors recorded facial, cervical and upper limb muscle responses bilaterally by means of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in the trapezius, deltoid, biceps and thenar muscles as well as the orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles. (stackexchange.com)
Spatiotemporal distribution of location and object effects in the electromyographic activity of upper extremity muscles during reach-to-grasp. (rochester.edu)

Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are excitatory chemical synapses formed between nerve terminals of spinal cord motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers that use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter. (github.io)
The majority of the neurons that showed excitatory and mixed responses to bradykinin were also influenced by stretches applied directly after the bradykinin injection. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Muscle memory consolidation involves the continuous evolution of neural processes after practicing a task has stopped. (wikipedia.org)
What's the relation between firing of dopaminergic neurons and dopamine dispersion in terms of neurophysiological processes? (stackexchange.com)
26. What physiological processes are in common for all neuron types? (fsu.edu)

High-resolution imaging and 3D computer modeling show that the dendrites of neurons weave through space in a way that balances their need to connect to other neurons with the costs of doing so. (sciencedaily.com)
With the help of UO post-doctoral researcher Saba Moslehi, doctoral students Julian H. Smith and Conor Rowland turned to 3D modeling to explore what happens when they manipulated the dendrites of more than 1,600 neurons into unnatural forms, straightening them or curling them up. (sciencedaily.com)

These techniques provide a precision in the temporal and spatial activation of neurons that was not achievable in previous experiments. (nature.com)

I have discussed such a case in the apparent shift of dorsal muscles to the ventral side of the body in A9 (see Chapter 2). (serverdomain.org)

Topographic Organization and Neurochemical Identity of Dorsal Raphe Neurons that Project to the Trigeminal Somatosensory Pathway in the Rat. (drexel.edu)

By later stages, most voluntary muscles are paralyzed, and breathing is severely compromised. (dailymail.co.uk)

The advantages of a γ-fusimotor system to control spindle sensitivity independently of force-generating extrafusal muscle fibers are not fully understood, nor are the mechanisms that generate the distinct γ- and α-MN subtypes in mammals. (biomedcentral.com)
and where are the anatomically distinct neuron types located in the body? (fsu.edu)

Expressed in lateral ganglion and neurons. (wormbase.org)
The tendon passes beneath the superior rectus muscle before inserting posterior to the equator on the superior and lateral aspect of the globe. (medscape.com)
It passes posteriorly and laterally in the orbit, forming an angle of 51º with the visual axis of the eye in primary position, before passing beneath the inferior rectus muscle and inserting posterior to the equator on the inferior and lateral aspect of the globe. (medscape.com)
The lateral muscular branch of the ophthalmic artery supplies the lateral rectus, superior rectus, and superior oblique muscles. (medscape.com)

Where the end of the nerve touches the muscle cell, agrin is concentrated enough to overcome the 'editing' effect of the acetylcholine. (sciencedaily.com)

This enables us to control motor neurons with blue light flashes. (medgadget.com)
that control muscle movements. (medlineplus.gov)
Muscle spindles provide proprioceptive information required for motor control. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetically, γ-MNs are best developed in mammals, whereas lower vertebrates (for example, amphibians) use a β-skeletofusimotor system alone to control the sensitivity of their muscle spindles. (biomedcentral.com)
This causes a loss of muscle control that gets worse over time. (dailymail.co.uk)
The condition makes its mark on the body by affecting the neurons that control muscles. (popsci.com)

We then built a survival gene into them, which helps the stem-cell motor neurons to stay alive when they are transplanted inside the injured nerve and allows them to grow to connect to muscle. (medgadget.com)
The identity of muscles can be reliably determined by their patterns of gene expression (reviewed in BAYLIES et al. (serverdomain.org)

If the brain's dopamine neurons initiate the smile, then the smile looks sincere. (psychologytoday.com)

Anatomy99

Organisms17

Diseases11

Chemicals and Drugs49

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Weakness11

Spinal motor neurons3

Axon4

Lower motor3

Dopamine-neuron1

Synaptic7

Premotor cortex2

Known as Lou Gehrig'3

Paralysis4

Anatomy1

Synapse4

Nervous system5

Cells26

20171

Afferent1

Nerves7

Innervation4

Cholinergic1

Innervate2

Originate1

Functionally2

Movement8

Neuromuscular junction1

Inputs4

Diseases6

Degeneration1

Dendritic5

Medial5

Atrophy2

Sensory1

Fatal1

Brains4

Mice2

Innervates3

Brain11

Parasympathetic1

Sarcomeres3

Signals3

Upper2

Excitatory2

Processes3

Dendrites2

Spatial1

Dorsal muscles1

Organization1

Voluntary1

Distinct2

Lateral4

Acetylcholine1

Control6

Gene2

Initiate1