Muscle distal esophageal esophageal sphincter lower. Medical search. Frequent questions

Achalasia is an idiopathic motility disorder characterized by failure of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation as well as loss of peristalsis in the distal esophagus, which is mostly smooth muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Achalasia is an esophageal motor disorder characterized by increased lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, diminished-to-absent peristalsis in the distal portion of the esophagus composed of smooth muscle, and lack of a coordinated LES relaxation in response to swallowing. (medscape.com)
Endoscopy, barium esophagram, and esophageal manometry are well-established tests that can diagnose achalasia. (medscape.com)
Primary achalasia is the most common subtype and is associated with loss of ganglion cells in the esophageal myenteric plexus. (medscape.com)
[ 14 , 15 ] A diagnosis of achalasia supported by the results of radiologic studies must always be confirmed by performing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and esophageal manometry. (medscape.com)
This situation is when esophageal manometry is most valuable, because the physiologic derangements associated with achalasia precede the development of the anatomic findings discernible by using radiographic studies. (medscape.com)
The ACG recommends the use of esophageal pressure topography over conventional line tracing to diagnose achalasia. (medscape.com)
The ACG in their guidelines noted that the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) can complement high-resolution manometry (HRM) for the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders, including achalasia. (medscape.com)
According to Schima and coworkers, approximately 90% of patients undergoing barium swallow examination for suspected achalasia have some esophageal dilation and a classic bird beak deformity. (medscape.com)
Over many years, this disorder may evolve into achalasia (with impaired esophageal peristalsis and a lack of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing). (fine.to)
Achalasia, a benign motility disorder of the esophagus, results in incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent peristalsis. (anesthesiologypaper.com)
Briefly, POEM involves endoscopic creation of a mid-esophageal submucosal incision, creation of a submucosal tunnel with the endoscope, and then a myotomy of distal circular muscles with a Triangular Tip electrosurgical (TT) knife, resulting in relaxation of the achalasia. (anesthesiologypaper.com)
Achalasia is a rare disease (incidence of 1.6 cases per 100,000) that is due to degeneration of inhibitory neurons in the myenteric plexus that leads to failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. (practicalgastro.com)
5,6 Achalasia was initially known as cardiospasm and was treated with a sponge attached to the distal end of a carved whalebone. (practicalgastro.com)
In 1937 Lendrum noted that the syndrome was caused by incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and renamed it as achalasia. (practicalgastro.com)
The therapeutic goal in achalasia is to reduce the LES pressure and allow gravity to facilitate esophageal emptying. (practicalgastro.com)
The more common pathologic indications for an esophagram procedure suchas, achalasia also term cardiospasm, is a motor disorder of the oesophagus in which peristalsis is reduced along the distal two thirds of the esophagus. (ukessays.com)
Achalasia is evident at the esophagogastric sphincter because of its inability to relax during swallowing. (ukessays.com)
In achalasia, lower part of esophagus shows contractions that are reduced in amplitude & simultaneous in onset. (medquizzes.net)
Esophageal motility studies are helpful in the diagnosis of esophageal motor disorders (achalasia, spasm, and scleroderma) but are of little value in the differential diagnosis of mechanical dysphagia. (medquizzes.net)

An intermittent motility dysphagia likely can be diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) or nonspecific esophageal motility disorder (NEMD). (wikipedia.org)
An esophagram demonstrating the corkscrew esophagus picture observed in a patient with manometry confirmed findings of diffuse esophageal spasm (DES). (medscape.com)
Diffuse esophageal spasm is treated with smooth muscle relaxants or surgically with a long myotomy with or without the anti-reflux procedure. (fine.to)
When symptomatic, diffuse esophageal spasm typically causes substernal chest pain with dysphagia for both liquids and solids. (fine.to)
Almansa C, Hinder RA, Smith CD, Achem SR. A comprehensive appraisal of the surgical treatment of diffuse esophageal spasm. (medscape.com)
Almansa C, Achem SR. [Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES). (medscape.com)
Nino-Murcia M, Stark P, Triadafilopoulos G. Esophageal wall thickening: a CT finding in diffuse esophageal spasm. (medscape.com)

Esophageal dysphagia is a form of dysphagia where the underlying cause arises from the body of the esophagus, lower esophageal sphincter, or cardia of the stomach, usually due to mechanical causes or motility problems. (wikipedia.org)
Intermittent mechanical dysphagia is likely to be an esophageal ring. (wikipedia.org)
Progressive mechanical dysphagia is most likely due to peptic stricture or esophageal cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Esophageal cancer also presents with progressive mechanical dysphagia. (wikipedia.org)
Heartburn and regurgitation are due to reflux of gastric juice across an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES), whereas dysphagia may result from esophageal peptic stricture or disturbed esophageal peristalsis [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We report a rare case of an elderly female who presented with dysphagia, weight loss, headaches and diaphoresis and found to be in hypertensive urgency secondary to esophageal tablet retention. (practicalgastro.com)
Dysphagia, Lactic Acidosis, Hyperbilirubinemia, Renal Failure in Cirrhosis He was discharged with gastroenterology follow-up and ultimately underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy which demonstrated narrowing of the distal esophagus suggestive of a peptic stricture. (illnesshacker.com)
This examination is used for the patient who have high dysphagia or definite oesophageal symptoms, or have quite often had a normal OGD but are still symptomatic, quite often a motility disorder may be the cause. (ukessays.com)
Oropharyngeal and esophageal lesions may be manifested variously by dysphagia, regurgitation of recent ingesta, anorexia and progressive weight loss. (vin.com)

Distal 2-4 cm esophageal high pressure zone defined by manometry. (radiologyassistant.nl)
New technology, new name Improvements in manometry, the muscle test used to diagnose both conditions, led to a … Among esophageal biopsies seen in our practice in 2010, 27.9% included an LA grade, and 12.2% a Savary-Miller grade (6). (fine.to)
Diagnostic yield of 24-hour esophageal manometry in non-cardiac chest pain. (medscape.com)
High-resolution manometry in clinical practice: utilizing pressure topography to classify oesophageal motility abnormalities. (medscape.com)
6 Diagnostic studies include barium swallow, endoscopy and esophageal manometry. (practicalgastro.com)
Our current knowledge about the pathophysiology of PCS has significantly improved since the introduction of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and the endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry (ESOM) in the diagnostic opportunities. (lifewithnogallbladder.org)

The inner mucosal layer consists of squamous epithelium and underlying connective tissue, within which lies a longitudinally oriented muscle layer called the muscularis mucosa. (nature.com)
Adenocarcinoma is the most prevalent in the US and is associated with patients with chronic GERD who have developed Barrett's esophagus (intestinal metaplasia of esophageal mucosa). (wikipedia.org)
These tests allow the direct evaluation and inspection of the esophageal mucosa and an objective measurement of esophageal contractility. (medscape.com)
It may cause injury to the esophageal mucosa. (icd-faq.com)
esophageal mucosa. (fine.to)

The longitudinal muscle is responsible for shortening the esophagus, while the circular muscle forms lumen-occluding ring contractions. (medscape.com)
Electrical correlate of circumferential contractions in human colonic circular muscle. (mcmaster.ca)
This term refers to simultaneous contractions of esophageal muscle at several different levels so that the normal movement of food down the esophagus is impaired. (fine.to)
The manometric diagnosis of distal esophageal spasm (DES) uses "simultaneous contractions" as a defining criterion, ignoring the concept of short latency distal contractions as an important feature. (fine.to)
In type 2, the lower oesophageal sphincter is always non-relaxed and simultaneous contractions occur throughout the body of the oesophagus while a person swallows. (gastrolondon.co.uk)
Food is propelled through the oesophagus by a co-ordinated series of contractions of the oesophageal muscle. (gastrolondon.co.uk)

The swallowing apparatus consists of the pharynx, upper esophageal (cricopharyngeal) sphincter, the body of the esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). (msdmanuals.com)
The body of the esophagus is similarly composed of 2 muscle types. (medscape.com)

Esophageal peristalsis results from sequential contraction of circular muscle, which serves to push the ingested food bolus toward the stomach. (nature.com)
This occurs through sequential or "peristaltic" contraction of circular muscle in the esophageal body, in concert with appropriately timed relaxation of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters. (nature.com)
Receptors in the posterior pharynx are then activated to initiate the involuntary phase of deglutition, which involves carefully sequenced contraction of numerous head and neck muscles. (nature.com)
This involves two major phenomena, namely the sequential contraction of circular muscle of the esophageal body, which results in a peristaltic wave that pushes the food toward the stomach, and relaxation and opening of the LES . (nature.com)
These important inhibitory neurons induce LES relaxation and coordinate proximal-to-distal peristaltic contraction of the esophagus. (medscape.com)
Which phase of deglutition involves contraction of the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis? (openstax.org)
He described globus as a result of increased pressure on the thyroid cartilage due to contraction of neck strap muscles. (uiowa.edu)
The strength of contraction, consistency of contractility, and the 2-cm to 4-cm length of this muscular sphincter are critical to the prevention of reflux of acid and bile from the stomach into the distal esophagus. (sls.org)

In: AGMD GI Motility Disorders Hi, I am completely new to this, having had my first experience of what I have been told is a esophageal spasm On Sunday night. (fine.to)
Esophageal spasm can cause spasms and reactions in other parts of the body, notably the heart, and the heart can trigger esophageal spasms. (fine.to)
Esophageal spasm may be common among family members. (fine.to)
I have been diagnosed with "nutcracker esophagus", an extremely painful type of esophageal spasm. (fine.to)
HRM manifests aperistalsis and failure of relaxation of … The cause of esophageal spasm is unknown. (fine.to)
Managing diffuse oesophageal spasm. (medscape.com)

The food bolus is rapidly pushed toward the esophagus by the pharyngeal constrictor muscles. (nature.com)
Nasoesophageal/ nasogastric tube placement is indicated in any patient with protein-calorie malnutrition that will not undergo oral, pharyngeal, esophageal, gastric, or biliary tract surgery. (vin.com)
Pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphinter dysfunction (Selleslagh et al. (uiowa.edu)
The VSG forms premotor neurons for oral and pharyngeal motor neurons, but esophageal premotor neurons may be located within the DSG . (nature.com)

The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is the distalmost segment of the esophagus (3-5 cm in adults), and its ability to prevent reflux depends on a number of anatomic factors. (medscape.com)
Schematically the above can be presented as a tree diagram: Esophageal stricture, or narrowing of the esophagus, is usually a complication of acid reflux, most commonly due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). (wikipedia.org)
Esophageal stricture can also be due to other causes, such as acid reflux from Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, trauma from a nasogastric tube placement, and chronic acid exposure in patients with poor esophageal motility from scleroderma. (wikipedia.org)
Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring documented abnormal reflux in 33 cases (80.5%) of SSc and no such abnormality in morphea. (biomedcentral.com)
Drugs and many types of food and drink affect lower esophageal sphincter and can lead to reflux. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring with or without intraluminal impedance testing is currently the most common test for quantifying gastroesophageal reflux (see the American College of Gastroenterology's 2022 Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). (msdmanuals.com)
The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is composed entirely of smooth muscle and maintains a steady baseline tone to prevent gastric reflux into the esophagus. (medscape.com)
The main esophageal functions are to transport food from the mouth to the stomach and to prevent reflux of gastric contents, so the main manifestations of disease in this organ are either feeding difficulties or regurgitation. (abdominalkey.com)
2022 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K21 2022 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K21 Gastro-esophageal reflux disease 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code K21 should not be used for reimbursement purposes as there are multiple codes below it that contain a greater level of detail. (icd-faq.com)
Oct 01, 2021 · 2022 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K21.0 2022 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K21.0 Gastro-esophageal reflux disease with esophagitis 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 - Deleted Code 2022 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code K21.0 should not be used for reimbursement purposes as there are multiple codes below it that contain a greater level of detail. (icd-faq.com)
ICD-10-CM Code for Gastro-esophageal reflux disease with esophagitis K21. (icd-faq.com)
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease without esophagitis (K21. (icd-faq.com)
K21.9 (gastro-esophageal reflux disease. (icd-faq.com)
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease with esophagitis The 2022 edition of ICD-10-CM K21. (icd-faq.com)
ICD-9 code 530.81 for Esophageal reflux is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -DISEASES OF ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, AND DUODENUM (530-539). (icd-faq.com)
A chronic disorder characterized by reflux of the gastric and/or duodenal contents into the distal esophagus. (icd-faq.com)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) happens when a muscle at the end of your esophagus does not close properly. (icd-faq.com)
The effects on gastric and esophageal motility are likely dynamic and represent an ongoing but changing risk of reflux for the patient. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
It is the author's recommendation that the feeding tube not pass through the lower esophageal sphincter, as this may result in sphincter incompetence and esophageal reflux of hydrochloric acid, causing esophagitis. (vin.com)
Objectives The aim of the review was to assess the effectiveness of anti-reflux therapy for patients with hoarseness, in the absence of other identifiable causes, whether or not a definitive diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal and gastro-oesophageal reflux has been made. (fliphtml5.com)
Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials recruiting patients with hoarseness in the absence of other identifiable causes, such as malignancy, cord palsy or nodules, whether or not a definitive diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal and gastro-oesophageal reflux has been made. (fliphtml5.com)
Authors' conclusions There is a need for high quality randomised controlled trials to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-reflux therapy for patients with hoarseness which may be due to laryngopharyngeal and gastro-oesophageal reflux. (fliphtml5.com)
The lower esophageal sphincter is widely recognized as the most important factor in preventing gastroesophageal reflux. (sls.org)
The length and diameter of the neosphincter must provide a competent barrier to gastroesophageal reflux but allow unimpeded esophageal clearing, and must remain in place, intact, and below the diaphragm. (sls.org)

The central mechanism involves patterned activation of the preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus that project onto inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the esophageal myenteric plexus. (nature.com)
In between these two muscle layers lies the myenteric plexus, which controls the motor function of these muscles. (nature.com)
This condition exists when a process other than intrinsic disease of the esophageal myenteric plexus is the etiology. (medscape.com)

Peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the esophagus is dependent on both central and peripheral mechanisms. (nature.com)
There is then a transition zone where striated and smooth muscle intermix. (nature.com)
The lower esophageal sphincter ( LES ) and the distal one half to two thirds of the esophageal body are composed of smooth muscle. (nature.com)
The proximal third of the esophagus is smooth muscle, which transitions to striated muscle in the distal two thirds. (medscape.com)
the distal esophagus and LES are composed of smooth muscle. (msdmanuals.com)
The response to amyl nitrate (a smooth muscle relaxant), with partial relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), allows some barium to pass through it into the stomach. (medscape.com)
The proximal esophagus is predominantly striated muscle, while the distal esophagus and the remainder of the GI tract contain smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
The mid esophagus contains a graded transition of striated and smooth muscle types. (medscape.com)
15) The center also activates the autonomic motor nerve cells in the cranial nerve nuclei that excite peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the distal esophageal body and relax the lower esophageal sphincter. (english-dictionary.help)
The endoderm of the lung-bud develops into the epithelium and glands of the future lungs, whereas the splanchnic mesenchyme forms the connective tissue, cartilage, and smooth muscle cells. (abdominalkey.com)
Involved anatomy: Skeletal and smooth muscle along the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. (illnesshacker.com)
the muscularis mucosae of smooth muscle. (slideserve.com)
In other species, however, for example, cats, opossums, and primates, a variable portion of the lower esophagus is composed of smooth muscle fibers, controlled by central preganglionic neurons and peripheral neurons of the enteric nervous system ( Figure 1b ). (nature.com)
Figure 1: Swallowing motor pattern and sequential activity of vagal motor fibers in species with striated (a, sheep) or striated and smooth muscle (b, baboon) esophagus. (nature.com)

Note the "bird-beak" appearance of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), with a dilated, barium-filled esophagus proximal to it. (medscape.com)

Physical obstruction or disorders that interfere with motor function ( esophageal motility disorders) can affect the system. (msdmanuals.com)
Disorders of esophageal motility are referred to as primary or secondary esophageal motility disorders and categorized according to their abnormal manometric patterns. (medscape.com)
By interfering with the normal progression of food transit from the mouth to the stomach or by failing to provide adequate protection from gastric contents, esophageal motor disorders can be debilitating and even life threatening. (abdominalkey.com)
Esophageal disorders run the gamut from highly lethal cancers to the merely annoying heartburn that may occur, for example, after a large, spicy meal. (fine.to)
Advances in esophageal motor disorders. (medscape.com)
Esophageal motility disorders in terms of pressure topography: the Chicago Classification. (medscape.com)
The Chicago criteria for esophageal motility disorders: what has changed in the past 5 years? (medscape.com)
Herbella FA, Raz DJ, Nipomnick I, Patti MG. Primary versus secondary esophageal motility disorders: diagnosis and implications for treatment. (medscape.com)

Once this oropharyngeal phase has served to propel the bolus into the esophagus, the esophageal phase of deglutition takes over. (nature.com)

a=absence, chalus=relaxation) is a disease of unknown cause, where the nerves at the lower end of the oesophagus degenerate. (gastrolondon.co.uk)
Inhibitory neurons release nitrous oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide neurotransmitters and cause muscle relaxation. (practicalgastro.com)

Multiple imaging modalities are used in the evaluation of oesophageal pathology, including computed tomography (CT), barium oesophagography, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and 18-Fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) [ 1 , 2 ]. (springeropen.com)
If oesophageal pathology is confirmed or highly suspected, endoscopic ultrasound is often utilized to evaluate a specific region of interest as it offers detailed visualization of the layers of the oesophageal wall. (springeropen.com)
Endoscopic dilatation to a diameter of 30 mm is needed to tear the muscle in the lower oesophageal sphincter and achieve long lasting reduction of sphincter pressure in these patients. (gastrolondon.co.uk)

Their results suggested that female sex, lower age, longer preoperative symptomatic period, the absence of gallbladder inflammation, and a functioning acalculous gallbladder were associated with higher frequency of PCS. (lifewithnogallbladder.org)

Esophageal peristalsis can be initiated by deglutition ("primary" peristalsis) or local distention ("secondary" peristalsis). (nature.com)
Hence, the esophagus can no longer be regarded as simply a conduit between the pharynx and stomach, and a thorough understanding of the physiology of deglutition and esophageal peristalsis is essential to a better understanding of the varied clinical presentation of esophageal disease. (abdominalkey.com)

Glucagon relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter when used for air-contrast upper gastrointestinal examination. (radiologyassistant.nl)
When you swallow, a circular band of muscle around the bottom of your esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter) relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow into your stomach. (icd-faq.com)

An important association of esophageal webs is to the Plummer-Vinson syndrome in iron deficiency, in which case patients will also have anemia, koilonychia, fatigue, and other symptoms of anemia. (wikipedia.org)
while only four cases (7.1%) of morphea had esophageal symptoms all of which were mild in severity. (biomedcentral.com)
Diarrhea - what to ask your doctor - child Esophageal neck pain describes symptoms that occur in the frontal neck region, also called the throat, and are expressed in the esophagus.The esophagus is the muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. (fine.to)

Esophageal cancers can be either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
2,3 Complications include retention esophagitis, aspiration pneumonia in up to 8% of patients and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with estimated risk ranging 30 times higher than in the general population. (practicalgastro.com)

The stomach opens into the small intestine and the opening is guarded by a muscular valve referred to as the pyloric sphincter allowing periodic passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. (laparoscopic.md)
The food is partially digested in the stomach and converted into chime, which passes slowly through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum. (laparoscopic.md)

The peripheral mechanism involves regional differences in the inhibitory and excitatory intramural nerves and intrinsic properties of the muscle. (nature.com)

Globus syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion that requires the absence of structural, histopathological (mucosal), or esophageal motility abnormalities. (uiowa.edu)

Cricopharyngeal muscle impression: Extrinsic impression on posterior esophagus by contracted muscle. (radiologyassistant.nl)
Primarily formed by cricopharyngeal muscle. (radiologyassistant.nl)

As a result the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) fails to relax properly during eating and remains closed. (gastrolondon.co.uk)
The muscles of the stomach contract and relax periodically, thereby churning food in the process. (laparoscopic.md)

However, the respiratory muscles are poorly monitored in the ICU, although there is evidence that respiratory muscle dysfunction develops in critically ill patients and can cause respiratory failure. (hcavs.gr)

Surgical myotomy (dividing the muscle in the oesophageal wall) is associated with good functional improvement in 65-92% of patients. (gastrolondon.co.uk)

The upper esophageal sphincter ( UES ) and proximal one third of esophageal body is composed of striated muscle. (nature.com)
The proximal esophagus contains the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), which comprises the cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus muscles. (medscape.com)
The proposed study will investigate the esophageal involvement in the two forms of scleroderma (systemic and localized), compare the same and address any need of upper gastrointestinal evaluation in morphea (localized scleroderma) patients. (biomedcentral.com)
The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) is comprised of several striated muscles, creating a tonically closed valve and preventing air from entering into the gastrointestinal tract. (medscape.com)
These are called the upper and lower esophageal sphincters (UES and LES). (sts.org)
Involved anatomy: Tongue, muscles of mastication, soft palate (elevation to close nasopharynx), suprahyoid muscles (elevate larynx), epiglottis (occlude airway), cricopharyngeus muscle (release upper esophageal sphincter). (illnesshacker.com)
These include goiter (large enough to cause an obstruction), Zenker diverticulum, the fusion of cervical vertebrae, and tumor of the upper esophagus or esophageal web. (doctorable.com)

Esophageal longitudinal muscle may also play a role in peristalsis. (nature.com)
The muscle is oriented in 2 perpendicular opposing layers: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer, known collectively as the muscularis propria. (medscape.com)
According to the traditional theory, at 6 to 7 weeks of gestation, separation of the ventral respiratory and dorsal esophageal part is activated by the formation of lateral longitudinal tracheoesophageal folds, which start caudally and end cranially, and fuse in the midline to form the tracheoesophageal septum. (abdominalkey.com)

Abnormalities of esophageal function occur frequently and can be confined primarily to the esophagus or can occur secondary to systemic illnesses. (abdominalkey.com)

Detail of a barium swallow study demonstrating the classic bird's beak deformity of the distal esophagus. (medscape.com)

Neurophysiologic studies, performed in animals, have generally considered swallowing as having two phases: an oropharyngeal phase that constitutes an irreversible motor event, followed by an esophageal phase, corresponding to the primary peristalsis of the esophagus. (nature.com)
1, 2, 4, 9, 10 In mammals, all muscles involved in the oropharyngeal stage are striated and therefore are driven by several pools of motoneurons located mainly in various cranial motor nuclei in the brainstem. (nature.com)

While the esophageal involvement is frequent in SSc, no such motility disorder is seen in morphea. (biomedcentral.com)

A successful antireflux operation must therefore return the gastroesophageal junction into the abdomen, reconstruct the crural support at the hiatus, and reproduce a competent lower esophageal sphincter immediately proximal to the gastroesophageal junction. (sls.org)
Type I is the typical sliding hiatal hernia wherein the GE junction slides upward through the esophageal hiatus, maintaining a relatively normal relationship of esophagus, gastroesophageal junction, and stomach. (sls.org)

Acid secretion is initiated by food: the thought, smell, or taste of food effects vagal stimulation of the gastrin-secreting G cells located in the distal one third (antrum) of the stomach. (msdmanuals.com)
The stomach acid flows back into the esophagus when the sphincter (a band of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that allows liquid and food to flow into your stomach), acts abnormally and gets weak. (icd-faq.com)
Throat anatomy - illustration The esophagus is a muscle that normally contracts to move food from your mouth to your stomach. (fine.to)
Food from the esophagus or food pipe enters the stomach through a muscular valve referred to as the lower esophageal sphincter. (laparoscopic.md)
The stomach is lined by the ridges of muscle tissue referred to as the rugae. (laparoscopic.md)
During a gastric bypass, the lower (distal) larger part of the stomach is left in place because of the stomach still produces acid and pepsin to help digestion of the food. (laparoscopic.md)

Proximal esophagus is skeletal muscle. (memory.com)

It constitutes one of the most elaborate motor functions, even in humans, because it requires the coordination of an extraordinary bilateral sequence of activation and inhibition of more than 25 pairs of muscles in the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, plus the esophagus. (nature.com)

It is usually caused by incompetence of the lower esophageal sphincter. (icd-faq.com)

The outer muscular coat, known as the muscularis propria, is involved in bolus transport and consists of an inner layer of circularly oriented muscle fibers and an outer layer of longitudinally oriented fibers. (nature.com)
Concurrently, there is activation of muscles that lift the palate and close off and elevate the larynx in order to prevent misdirection of the bolus into the nasopharynx and larynx, respectively. (nature.com)

They occur in the lower esophagus. (fine.to)
Significant perturbations in this intricate system can occur in severely ill patients when tubes are placed into the lung or across sphincters, when various drugs are used, when other organ systems fail, or when the severity of the initial insult and concomitant inflammatory response causes teleologically advantageous responses to contribute to the demise of the host. (the-medical-dictionary.com)
The provisional OH may occur en presence of hypovolemia, or as a side effect from medication affecting the SNS functions, In these cases arterial pressure is recovered by correcting the triggering factor. (journalofneuropsychiatry.cl)

At this time, Dr. Belsley and the hospital team will be monitoring your progress by seeing how well you tolerate low-sugar, non-carbonated liquids such as water, tea, and broth. (laparoscopic.md)

The esophagus is a hollow muscular tube, closed proximally and distally by muscular sphincters. (nature.com)
The tubular esophagus is a muscular organ, approximately 25 cm in length, and has specialized sphincters at proximal and distal ends. (medscape.com)

Morphea, also called as localized scleroderma, predominantly involves the skin and occasionally involves subjacent muscles. (biomedcentral.com)

Stress, respiration and distal esophageal acid exposure may all contribute to elevated UES pressure. (uiowa.edu)
18,20 Acid exposure in the distal esophagus is affected by the motility of the esophageal body and by the effectiveness of gastric emptying and the resultant effects on esophageal clearing. (sls.org)

Swallow-induced peristalsis is called primary peristalsis, and the peristalsis elicited by esophageal distention is called secondary peristalsis. (nature.com)

Branches of the bronchial arteries and branches directly off of the aorta supply the proximal and distal thoracic esophagus, respectively. (medscape.com)

A 56 year-old male with a history of alcoholic cirrhosis complicated by esophageal varices presents to the emergency department with abdominal distension. (ddxof.com)

1 The esophageal wall is composed of distinct layers. (nature.com)

Anatomy40

Organisms4

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs15

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes14

Information Science1

Achalasia20

Diffuse esoph7

Dysphagia9

Manometry6

Mucosa5

Contractions6

Body of the esophagus2

Contraction8

Spasm6

Pharyngeal4

Reflux24

Myenteric plexus3

Smooth muscle14

Bird-beak1

Disorders8

Phase of deglutition1

Relaxation2

Endoscopic3

Symptomatic1

Deglutition2

Relaxes2

Symptoms3

Squamous cell carc2

Pyloric sphincter2

Intramural1

Motility abnormalities1

Cricopharyngeal2

Relax2

Dysfunction1

Myotomy1

Upper7

Longitudinal3

Abnormalities1

Barium swallow study1

Oropharyngeal2

Disorder1

Hiatus2

Stomach6

Proximal esophagus1

Pharynx1

Incompetence1

Bolus2

Occur3

Liquids1

Muscular2

Predominantly1

Acid2

Secondary1

Thoracic esophagus1

Varices1

Wall is composed1