• A novel synergistic effect of alanosine and guanine on adenine nucleotide synthesis in mammalian cells. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Biochemical activity of cytochrome c oxidase was at the lower limit of the normal range of values, and an adenine to guanine transition mutation at nucleotide 8344 in the transfer RNA specific for lysine of mitochondrial DNA was detected in both cases. (nih.gov)
  • The mutation involved in this overlap syndrome replaces the nucleotide guanine with the nucleotide adenine at gene position 12147 (written as G12147A). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This mutation replaces the nucleotide guanine with the nucleotide adenine at gene position 12192 (written as G12192A). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • DNA is composed of 4 nucleotides - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G). DNA encodes for different proteins, which are composed of twenty amino acids. (eurovetgene.com)
  • In the steps, adenine is paired with thymine and guanine is paired with cytosine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) mediated signaling smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
  • The objective of the present work was to establish the association between DNA damage, the energetic metabolism and the effects of the generation of oxygen free radicals in middle gluteal muscle of horses, measured after a severe exercise bout on a treadmill. (scielo.org.ar)
  • The implications of ATP4- as agonist are discussed in relation to adenine nucleotide potency, metabolism and P2 purinoceptor classification. (cdc.gov)
  • Mitochondrial nucleotide transporters, defined by structural similarlities, include the adenine nucleotide translocator family (SLC25A4, SLC25A5, SLC25A6 and SLC25A31), which under conditions of aerobic metabolism, allow coupling between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and cytosolic energy consumption by exchanging cytosolic ADP for mitochondrial ATP . (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Results of the study: Differently from cardiomyocytes, where mitochondria and CaMgATPases are organized into ICEUs which ensure effective energy transfer and feedback signaling between these structures via specialized pathways mediated by CK and AK isoforms and direct adenine nucleotide channeling, the ICEUs do not exist in HL-1 cells due to less organized energy metabolism. (ut.ee)
  • Energy metabolism in human atria and MGM cells is organized similarly to that in oxidative muscles − in the form of the ICEUs. (ut.ee)
  • Proteins are carriers of different functions within cells and tissues (from metabolism of sugars and energy to transfer of electric pulses along neurons, cell and tissue structural elements, muscle contraction, blood filtering, hairs, nails, etc. (eurovetgene.com)
  • NAD, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a coenzyme involved in metabolism. (paradigmpeptides.com)
  • Degradation of high-energy phosphates [ 36 ] and decreased mitochondrial respiratory control [ 21 ] were demonstrated in exercised muscle, indicating the energetic impairment. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Glucose infusion paradoxically accelerates degradation of adenine nucleotide in working muscle of patients with glycogen storage disease type VII. (medscape.com)
  • Mathematical modelling shows that in oxidative muscle cells diffusion restrictions of metabolites are not distributed uniformly within cardiac muscles, but are localized in certain areas, which supports the ICEU hypothesis. (ut.ee)
  • It is well known that smooth-muscle contraction is regulated by the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and by the Ca2+ sensitivity of myofilaments: the former activates myosin light-chain kinase, and the latter is achieved partly by the inhibition of myosin phosphatase. (jefferson.edu)
  • Both calcium- and Ca2+ sensitization- mediated contraction plays role in G-protein signaling during smooth-muscle contraction. (jefferson.edu)
  • The long-term goals of this project are to elucidate the role of GPCR mediated signaling in smooth muscle contraction and proliferation under pathophysiological conditions. (jefferson.edu)
  • Mitochondria and smooth muscle contraction: Role of desmin cytoskeleton protein. (jefferson.edu)
  • The second major area of investigation is to understand the role of cytoskeleton proteins, desmin and vimentin in smooth muscle contraction and mitochondrial respiration. (jefferson.edu)
  • Describe how the movement produced by contraction of a skeletal muscle is influenced by the structure of a joint about which the muscle moves the bone on which it inserts. (bccampus.ca)
  • Interestingly muscle contraction has recently been shown to increase mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, therefore we aimed to determine if mitochondrial derived ROS influences bioenergetic responses to exercise. (mitophysiology.org)
  • In the body, the energy released from these high energy bonds helps fuel the body's activities, from muscle contraction to the transport of substances in and out of cells to anabolic chemical reactions. (usk.ac.id)
  • So, according to numerous studies, not only ACh (which by the way does not always lead to a contraction of the muscle fiber) is released in the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, but also a number of other synaptically active molecules. (intechopen.com)
  • Elevated levels of glucose 6-phosphate also activate the pentose phosphate pathway, leading to enhanced nucleotide formation and subsequent increased uric acid production and possible development of gout. (medscape.com)
  • Glucose-induced exertional fatigue in muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • In an unaffected individual, active muscle is initially fueled by glucose derived from glycogen breakdown and then from blood-borne sources such as glucose and free fatty acids. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the excess carbohydrate worsens the energy crisis in Tarui disease because the metabolic block in PFK deficiency occurs below the entry of glucose into glycolysis and therefore, it cannot be used by the muscle for energy production. (medscape.com)
  • The activity of ATPase, the level of adenine nucleotides, and the ATP production were measured in mitochondria of diaphragm and hind leg skeletal muscle of wild type (iNOS+/+) and knockout iNOS (iNOS-/-) mice. (nel.edu)
  • The previously published model of oxidative phosphorylation in isolated skeletal muscle mitochondria was extended by incorporation of the creatine kinase system (creatine kinase plus phosphocreatine/creatine pair), cytosolic proton production/consumption system (proton production/consumption by the creatine kinase-catalysed reaction, efflux/influx of protons), physiological size of the adenine nucleotide pool and some additional minor changes. (physiomeproject.org)
  • This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) on the growth performance, slaughter traits, myofiber, and adenine nucleotide of meat-type rabbits. (animbiosci.org)
  • There are three subunit isozymes of PFK in mammalian cells: muscle (M), liver (L), and platelet (P or C). Active PFK exists as a tetramer, and the composition of subunits differs according to the tissue type. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, in mice where SCD1 is selectively overexpressed in muscle tissue (and therefore have unsaturated fat) - the mice labelled SCD1Tg - the NAD+/NADH and the AMP/ATP ratios both plunge! (fireinabottle.net)
  • Mammalian PFK acts as a tetramer composed of 3 subunits, muscle (M), liver (L), and platelet (P). The composition of the PFK tetramer differs according to the tissue type. (medscape.com)
  • The timing of energy intake and the ratio of certain ingested macronutrients may enhance recovery and tissue repair, augment muscle protein synthesis (MPS), and improve mood states following high-volume or intense exercise. (thegpni.com)
  • Muscle tissue isolated from each DMD-affected boys and mdx mice contained no detectable DMD protein, suggesting that those genetic problems are homologous. (technewz.co.in)
  • The mechanisms of cellular excitability and propagation of electrical signals in the cardiac muscle are very important functionally and pathologically. (bvsalud.org)
  • There are areas in the cardiac muscle with anatomical and functional differentiation that present automatism, thus subjecting the rest of the fibers to their own rhythm. (bvsalud.org)
  • 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PFKM gene on chromosome 12. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes the muscle-type isozyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Affymetrix data revealed varied gene expression patterns of the ATP synthesizing and regulating enzymes found in the muscle, liver, and brain. (molvis.org)
  • Mutations in muscle phosphofructokinase gene. (medscape.com)
  • This gene is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, brain and erythrocytes. (epigentek.com)
  • An X chromosome-linked mouse mutant (gene symbol, mdx) has been determined that has multiplied plasma degrees of muscle creatine kinase and pyruvate kinase and exhibits histological lesions feature of muscular dystrophy. (technewz.co.in)
  • [ 1 ] Increased muscle glycogen content and high levels of hexose monophosphates were noted. (medscape.com)
  • these additional features can include muscle twitches (myoclonus), difficulty coordinating movement (ataxia), and abnormal muscle cells known as ragged-red fibers. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This delayed onset muscle soreness is considered to be mainly resulted from an imbalance between energetic utilization and generation in working skeletal muscle. (scielo.org.ar)
  • To investigate the effects of renal ischemic preconditioning (IPC) on both renal hemodynamics and the renal interstitial concentrations of adenosine and adenine nucleotides induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. (eurekamag.com)
  • The renal interstitial concentrations of adenosine and adenine nucleotides in response to ischemia-reperfusion injury, either following 1-3 cycles of IPC or not, were measured simultaneously using microdialysis sampling technology. (eurekamag.com)
  • The renal interstitial concentrations of adenosine and adenine nucleotides increased and decreased during renal ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. (eurekamag.com)
  • Altered contractile-protein expression and increased smooth-muscle cell (SMC) proliferation are characteristics of various disease conditions including hypertension, asthma, and intestine and bladder pathologies. (jefferson.edu)
  • We found that ablating mitochondrial ROS did not alter palmitoyl-CoA (P-CoA) respiratory kinetics or influence the exercise-mediated reductions in malonyl-CoA sensitivity, suggesting mitochondrial ROS does not regulate CPT-I. In contrast, while mitochondrial protein content, maximal coupled respiration, and ADP sensitivity in resting muscle were unchanged in the absence of mitochondrial ROS, exercise increased the apparent ADP Km (decreased ADP sensitivity) ~30% only in WT mice. (mitophysiology.org)
  • The DMD protein is shown to be approximately four hundred kd and to represent approximately 0.002% of total striated muscle protein. (technewz.co.in)
  • This protein is also detected in clean muscle (stomach). (technewz.co.in)
  • Three phosphofructokinase isozymes exist in humans: muscle, liver and platelet. (wikipedia.org)
  • The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on in vivo muscle mitochondrial function in humans are controversial. (medscape.com)
  • We evaluated muscle mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional profiles in nonobese humans after 12 months of CR. (medscape.com)
  • [ 12 ] The activity of key mitochondrial enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, and the electron transport system, conversely, were unchanged, [ 12 ] leaving many unanswered questions regarding the effects of CR on muscle-specific mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)
  • To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials that have examined the effects of long-term CR on muscle mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)
  • We sought evidence to determine whether contractions of the smooth muscle of the guinea pig vas deferens to ATP are in response to ATP4- or its bidentate complexes. (cdc.gov)
  • Describe, using specific examples, 16 types of movements characteristic of skeletal muscle contractions. (bccampus.ca)
  • Further members of the mitochondrial nucleotide transporter subfamily convey diverse substrates including CoA, although not all members have had substrates identified. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Mutations in at least three mitochondrial genes can cause cytochrome c oxidase deficiency, which is a condition that can affect several parts of the body, including the muscles used for movement (skeletal muscles), the heart, the brain, or the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Highest level in placenta, CC liver, muscle and kidney. (linuxfocus.org)
  • In vitro assays using patient muscle specimens revealed almost undetectable PFK enzyme activity, and patient blood samples exhibited erythrocyte PFK activity at about 50% of normal activity. (medscape.com)
  • Assays for muscle PFK revealed almost undetectable activity, and erythrocyte PFK had about 50% normal activity. (medscape.com)
  • Exercise-induced muscle pain due to phosphofrutokinase deficiency: Diagnostic contribution of metabolic explorations (exercise tests, 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). (medscape.com)
  • Metabolic implications of resistive force selection for oxidative stress and markers of muscle damage during 30 s of high-intensity exercise. (edu.krd)
  • Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before and at 45 min and 24 h after exercise. (scielo.org.ar)
  • PFKM is confirmed to be involved in muscle PFK deficiency with early-onset hyperuricemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phosphofructokinase deficiency in skeletal muscle: a new type of glycogenosis. (medscape.com)
  • Haller RG, Vissing J. No spontaneous second wind in muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • Clinical features and new molecular findings in muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency (GSD type VII). (medscape.com)
  • 0.05) to the increased doses of GAA were found on body weight gain, meat color, total adenine nucleotide, and adenylate energy charges. (animbiosci.org)
  • Researchers believe that impaired oxidative phosphorylation can lead to cell death in tissues that require large amounts of energy, such as the brain, muscles, and heart. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Patients with late-onset Tarui disease may present in adulthood with progressive muscle weakness. (medscape.com)
  • This condition is characterized by recurrent severe headaches, muscle weakness (myopathy), hearing loss, stroke-like episodes including a loss of consciousness, seizures, and other problems affecting the nervous system. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Patients with the late-onset form may present in adulthood with progressive muscle weakness. (medscape.com)
  • Proteins are not just building blocks for muscles, connective tissues, skin, and other structures. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The muscle isozyme (PFK-1) is composed solely of PFKM. (wikipedia.org)
  • Describe one specific example of a skeletal muscle that participates in multiple different movements, and then explain how it is possible for a skeletal muscle to participate in multiple different movements. (bccampus.ca)
  • My long term goal of this project is to elucidate our understanding of the mechanism by which desmin and vimentin induces mitochondrial and muscle dysfunction under pathological conditions in smooth muscle. (jefferson.edu)
  • We are interested to learn whether mPOS plays a role in aging-associated muscle wasting, cardiac dysfunction and neurodegeneration, and to develop anti-mPOS interventions for the treatment of these diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • Finsterer J, Stollberger C. Progressive mitral valve thickening and progressive muscle cramps as manifestations of glycogenosis VII (Tarui's Disease). (medscape.com)
  • Myoglobinuria and severe muscle cramps may follow vigorous exercise. (medscape.com)
  • The mechanism of exercise-induced myopathy could be the cell membrane damage by lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in the working muscle cells by free radicals generation. (scielo.org.ar)
  • Upper extremity muscular tissues had been more potent than decrease extremity muscle groups, proximal muscle organizations have been weaker than distal muscle agencies, and extensor muscle groups were weaker than flexor muscle mass. (technewz.co.in)
  • It is concluded that GAA can be used in the rabbit diet to improve growth and carcass traits, and these are related to the high levels of muscle adenine nucleotide. (animbiosci.org)
  • I. Describe the levels of muscle organization: fascia, fascicles, muscle fibres. (bccampus.ca)
  • In study II, anesthetized rats at 5 wks recovery were used to study the reactivity of 3rd order arterioles of the in situ cremaster muscle. (eurekamag.com)
  • Patients with the hemolytic form of Tarui disease do not present with muscle symptoms but rather exhibit nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. (medscape.com)
  • Summary: To inspect a possible disease of adenine nucleotide turnover in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, we evaluated 15 sufferers with mild Duchenne muscular dystrophy, eight patients with severe muscular dystrophy, seven patients with different neuromuscular problems, and eight patients with hypogammaglobulinemia however no muscle ailment. (technewz.co.in)
  • We conducted an ancillary study to the CALERIE 2 randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of 12 months of 25% CR on in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics, mitochondrial content, and markers of oxidative stress. (medscape.com)
  • Biochemical impact of a soccer match-Analysis of oxidative stress and muscle damage markers throughout recovery. (edu.krd)