• The complement system, interacting with its regulatory molecules and cellular receptors, plays a central role in the induction and regulation of immunity. (medscape.com)
  • SCID-X1 gene therapy results in reconstitution of the previously lacking T cell compartment, allowing analysis of the roles of T cell immunity in humans by comparing before and after gene correction. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • IL7R-α is a type I cytokine receptor and is a subunit of the functional Interleukin-7 receptor and Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • IL-23 (Interleukin-23) is a disulfide-linked cytokine composed of a p19 subunit that is unique to IL-23 and a p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12. (rndsystems.com)
  • Cytokine binding to the cell surface leads to phosphorylation of the receptor complex by receptor associated Janus kinases (JAKs) at tyrosine residues. (nature.com)
  • IL-6 is a gene that encodes a cytokine that plays a role in inflammation and the maturation of B cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • IL-21R is a type-1 cytokine receptor and belongs to the IL-2R and IL-15R family. (intechopen.com)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • Besides the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6), the increased expression of receptor repertoire (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) on APCs, mostly macrophages and dendritic cells, occurs as a result of the release of endogenous and exogenous antigens (damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs, and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs). (hindawi.com)
  • Fibronectin is a dimeric glycoprotein composed of disulfide-linked subunits with a molecular weight of 220-250kDa each. (embl.de)
  • LPS results in the overexpression and release of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which contribute to LPS-induced multiple organs failure including myocardial depression [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Antagonism Reveals a Gut/Lung Axis That Amplifies Regulatory T Cells in a Pulmonary Fungal Infection. (uc.edu)
  • 3 ] have further demonstrated that oleandrin inhibited tumor growth and disease progression in a murine xenograft model of malignant glioma. (longdom.org)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • The gene is primarily expressed at sites of acute and chronic inflammation, where it is secreted into the serum and induces a transcriptional inflammatory response through interleukin 6 receptor, alpha. (thermofisher.com)
  • Furthermore, IL-21 promotes differential expression of many cytokines including interleukins and chemokines. (intechopen.com)
  • Inherited genetic variants such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of candidate genes, encoding various cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory regulators, have become a subject of interest of genetic studies searching for independent predictors of GVHD development and HSCT outcome [ 4 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mutation of the IL2RG gene results in a form of severe combined immune deficiency (SCID-X1), which has been treated successfully with hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • 3-5 The immunological importance of these lysophospholipid receptors is illustrated by the profound immunodeficiency observed in mice lacking expression of the S1P 1 receptor in hematopoietic cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha (IL7R-α) also known as CD127 (Cluster of Differentiation 127) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL7R gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • IL7R+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P16871 (Human Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha) at the PDBe-KB. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene encodes for a multifunction protein of 403 aminoacidic with lipid and protein phosphatase activities. (sgo-iasgo.com)
  • The protein produced by this gene is an endogenous pyrogen that can induce fever in people with autoimmune diseases or infections. (thermofisher.com)
  • For this purpose, WIN 55,212-2 was injected in pregnant wistar rats from gestation day 5 to 20 and a detailed analysis of the levels of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) as well as of the signaling molecules extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and alpha-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (alpha-CaMKII) was carried out in adult offspring. (researchgate.net)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • with Pubmed ID, gene symbol/accession number and viral interacting protein. (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • The pathology is caused by a mutation in the huntingtin gene which results in the production of an abnormal protein, mutant huntingtin (mHtt). (bmj.com)
  • G2A is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in immune regulation. (ashpublications.org)
  • Unlike most GPCRs, including the chemokine receptors, coupling to G i is not required for LPC/G2A-mediated chemotaxis, but coupling to G q/11 and G 12/13 is necessary as judged by inhibition with dominant negative forms of these alpha subunits or with regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) constructs. (ashpublications.org)
  • Many types of molecular controls regulate this process, but G-protein-coupled receptors are especially important. (ashpublications.org)
  • Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
  • Nasal insufflation of IL-11 causes AHR in wild-type mice while lung inflammation induced by antigen sensitization and challenge, which mimics features of atopic asthma in humans, is attenuated in mice genetically deficient in IL-11 receptor subunit alpha-1 (IL-11R1-deficient mice), a transmembrane receptor that is required conjointly with glycoprotein 130 to transduce IL-11 signaling. (cdc.gov)
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer membrane component in Gram-negative bacteria, is one of the most characterized PAMPs ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that activates cysteine protease caspase-1, which leads to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL)-1β and IL-18 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • IL-23 signals through a receptor complex consisting of IL-12 R beta 1 and IL-23 R. This complex is expressed in mouse Th1 and Th2 cells, bone marrow dendritic cells, activated macrophages and CD4+ CD45Rb(low) memory T cells. (rndsystems.com)
  • ALOX5 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase: macrophages infected with Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus fumigatus or treated with Curdlan, a selective agonist of pattern recognition receptor for fungi Dectin-1, displays increased expression of ALOX5, ALOX15 and PTGS2 Karnam et al, 2015 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups (10 rats per group): control group, LPS group and LPS + extract group. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, a robust reduction of total and phospho-alpha-CaMKII was found in the hippocampus of rats prenatally exposed to WIN 55,212-2. (researchgate.net)
  • They are encoded by separate but linked genes termed regulation of complement activation (RCA) genes, located on the q32 region of chromosome 1. (medscape.com)
  • CS is associated with a germline mutation of phosphatase and TENsin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). (sgo-iasgo.com)
  • Defects in the expression of complement or complement receptors may result in loss of tolerance to self-proteins and the development of immune complex-mediated autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (medscape.com)
  • Among healthy individuals, the number of CR1 receptors on the red blood cells varies widely, yet the phenotypic expression, regulated by 2 codominant alleles, is stable. (medscape.com)
  • The goal of the current investigation was to examine lung injury, inflammation, oxidant generation, and effects on the lung global gene expression profile following a whole-body acute or sub-chronic inhalation exposure to COV. (cdc.gov)
  • One and 28 d after acute exposure, and 1, 28, and 90 d following sub-chronic exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on the left lung to collect cells and fluid for analyses, the apical right lobe was preserved for histopathology, and the right cardiac and diaphragmatic lobes were processed for gene expression analyses. (cdc.gov)
  • Minimal gene expression changes were detected only at the 28 d post-exposure time interval in both the exposure groups. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Taken together, the results from this exposure paradigm, including concentration, duration, and exposure chamber parameters, did not indicate significant and toxicologically relevant changes in markers of injury, oxidant generation, inflammation, and gene expression profile in the lung. (cdc.gov)
  • Erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) can be detected in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), however, the expression levels and prognostic value of EPOR in LUAD are still unclear. (bvsalud.org)
  • In our study, clinicopathological data of 92 LUAD patients between January 2008 and June 2016, multiple bioinformatics databases and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the EPOR expression, the mutant genes affecting EPOR expression, and the correlation of EPOR expression with oxidative stress - related genes, prognosis, immune microenvironment. (bvsalud.org)
  • High glucose increased TLR expression, myeloid differentiation factor 88, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-1, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65-dependent activation in THP-1 cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The enhancers, along with the LTR promoter sequence, supported efficient expression of the corrective IL2RG gene and allowed successful gene correction. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
  • CDK2AP1 expression in disease-free patients at 10 years was more than threefold that of patients who died of breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
  • There were no significant associations between CDK2AP1 expression and estrogen receptor status, tumour grade and tumour type. (cancerindex.org)
  • In vivo , enhanced expression of the inflammation- and oxidative stress-related genes HO-1 and iNOS was found on the mRNA level in rat lungs after instillation with DQ12 respirable quartz. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2 The mechanism of lysophospholipid-mediated cell migration recently has been shown to require the expression of specific GPCRs, such as the receptors for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and LPC. (ashpublications.org)
  • Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) have recently been identified as innate immune receptors that play a pivotal role in initiating the inflammatory response ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Levels in breast cancer and adjacent non-cancerous breast tissue were analysed against pathological and clinical parameters (TNM staging, survival over a 10-year follow-up period). (cancerindex.org)
  • We use basic and clinical research to understand the cells, proteins, and genes that lead to successful recovery of function, and also how complications develop that impact quality of life after stroke. (stanford.edu)
  • Effector proteins interacting with the Fc portion of immunoglobulin M (IgM) include complement and complement receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Partial or complete deficiencies of the components of the complement system, including its receptors and regulatory proteins, are now described in humans and may be of a genetic or familial origin or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • Only 10% of amyloidosis deposits consist of components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), apolipoprotein-E (apoE), and serum amyloid P-component (SAP), while nearly 90% of the deposits consist of amyloid fibrils that are formed by the aggregation of misfolded proteins. (medscape.com)
  • Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the differentially expressed genes induced by metformin were involved in several signaling pathways including apoptosis singling pathways, TGF-ß signaling, and cell cycle regulation in human thyroid cancer cell lines. (bvsalud.org)
  • This effect was associated with decreased activation of pathways linked to neurotrophin and glutamate receptor signaling. (researchgate.net)
  • 2022, 10/fcell.2022.1028854. (gu.se)
  • Taken together with the fact that 60-70% of human breast cancers are estrogen receptor-alpha positive[ 7 ], the evidence suggests an etiological significance of estrogen in breast cancer initiation and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Estrogen mediates its effects by binding to its cognate estrogen receptor(s), either estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) or estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), leading to ER dimerization and association with various co-factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Interleukin-11 receptor subunit alpha-1 is required for maximal airway responsiveness to methacholine following acute exposure to ozone. (cdc.gov)
  • Complement and complement receptors play a critical role in immune defense by initiating the rapid destruction of invading microorganisms, amplifying the innate and adaptive immune responses, and mediating solubilization and clearance of immune complexes. (medscape.com)
  • Inverse Correlation between IL-10 and HIF-1? (uc.edu)
  • By dephosphorylating PIP3 to PIP2, PTEN reverses the action of PI3K, thereby hampering all downstream functions controlled by the AKT/mTOR axis, such as cycle progression, induction of cell death, regulation of transcription, translation, angiogenesis, and stem cell self-renewal (10). (sgo-iasgo.com)
  • Note the image below, as well as the article Pediatric Complement Receptor Deficiency may be helpful. (medscape.com)
  • HcZrt2, a zinc responsive gene, is indispensable for the survival of Histoplasma capsulatum in vivo. (uc.edu)
  • Once formed, the complex translocates to the nucleus where it acts as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response elements (EREs) at the promoters of estrogen responsive genes[ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Current treatments for excessive bone resorption utilize RANK receptor blockers or neutralizing antibodies, which are able to inhibit osteoclast formation. (frontiersin.org)
  • It contains Sf 21-expressed recombinant mouse IL-23 and antibodies raised against the recombinant p19 and p40 subunits. (rndsystems.com)
  • These vectors contained strong enhancers as part of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV) retroviral backbone. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • Interleukin-21 (IL-21) was first identified in 2000 through screening of a cDNA library from CD3+ human T cells [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Homeostatic osteoclastogenesis is effectively induced by RANKL (Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand). (frontiersin.org)
  • SCID-X1 gene therapy thus provides a unique opportunity to study the consequences of T cell function in previously deficient human subjects. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Because of their high numbers, red blood cells express an average of 90% of the CR1 receptors despite their having a lower number of antigenic sites per cell. (medscape.com)
  • CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)
  • Using the murine mammary cell line TG1-1 we observed estrogen (E 2 ) lead to an up regulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), an effect abrogated by the anti-estrogen Fulvestrant and the HIF-1 inhibitor YC-1 (3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzylindazole) suggesting the interchangeability of hypoxia and estrogen mediated effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • THP-1 cell data were further confirmed using freshly isolated monocytes from healthy human volunteers ( n = 10). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Mouse IL-6 (also known as B Cell Stimulating Factor, BCSF, and BSF-2) is a 21-28 kDa factor produced by a variety of cell types, including monocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • 2) Estimation of T cell population structure by sequencing of the recombined T cell receptor (TCR) beta locus. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
  • The cell-binding RGD loop is well-ordered in this structure and extends approximately 10 A away from the FN7-10 core. (embl.de)
  • B) Mean counts per minute (CPM) (+SEM) uptake of tritiated thymidine in CD25− effector T cells from healthy controls (N = 27) stimulated with mitogenic CD3/28 beads at 2:1 and 0.2:1 bead: cell ratios. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • C) Mean CPM (+SEM) in CD25− effectors v CD25+ Treg cells stimulated with mitogenic CD3/28 beads at 2:1 bead: cell ratio. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • D) Mean (+SEM) percentage suppression of effector cell proliferation following activation with CD3/28 beads at 2:1 (closed boxes) and 0.2:1 (open boxes) bead: cell ratios. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • This assay does not recognize free p19 or p40 subunits. (rndsystems.com)
  • Visual impairment is common, affecting between 2.8% and 10% of patients, 1 - 3 and may result directly from damage to uveal tract structures, or may occur due to secondary effects on neighboring tissues: for example, accelerated cataract formation, glaucoma, and macular edema. (dovepress.com)
  • Staining of formalin-fixed tissues requires boiling tissue sections in 10mM citrate buffer, pH6.0, for 10-20 minutes followed by cooling at RT for 20 min. (thermofisher.com)
  • There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with high and those with low CDK2AP1 mRNA levels after a median follow-up of 10 years (Kaplan-Meier analysis, p=0.872). (cancerindex.org)
  • The CR1 receptor preferentially binds C3b that is covalently attached to immune complexes, and it has a weaker affinity for bound C4b and iC3b. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the helicase activity of the CDC45-MCM2-7-GINS complex and DNA replication related genes such as RPA2, RAD51, and PCNA were downregulated in metformin-treated thyroid cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1) Estimation of the numbers of transduced progenitor cells by monitoring unique positions of integration of the therapeutic gene transfer vector. (europeanhealthjournal.com)
  • Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is produced by activated T cells and it plays many diverse roles by regulating the functions of normal and abnormal cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Interleukin-17 is predominantly expressed by a specific subset of human T-helper cells-Th17 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The histocompatibility differences between the donor and the recipient, the presence of donor's immunocompetent cells, and the inability of the recipient to reject these cells were defined as the basic pathogenic prerequisites for GVHD development by Billingham in 1966 [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder that is defined by a cytosine, adenine, guanine (CAG) repeat expansion in exon 1 of the huntingtin gene leading to the production of mutant huntingtin (mHtt). (bmj.com)
  • Thanks to the close relationships established with their hosts, some probiotic strains can provide additional benefits: for example, they can mediate either immune responses or barrier functions 10 . (nature.com)
  • 1991;28(12):1317, 9-20. (smw.ch)