Multiple cell death. Medical search. Frequent questions

Thus, we conclude that ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for induction or progression of apoptosis in mammalian cells. (nature.com)
Interestingly, mitochondrial association of ADF and n-cofilin during apoptosis was preceded by, and dependent on, actin that translocated by a yet unknown mechanism to mitochondria during cell death. (nature.com)
These proteases are responsible for the dismantling of cells during apoptosis. (nature.com)
To test the relevance of ADF/cofilin activity for apoptotic processes, we here employed a genetically well-defined system of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) devoid of any ADF/cofilin activity and challenged these cells with well-characterized apoptosis inducers. (nature.com)
Importantly, the mitochondrial association of n-cofilin and ADF had no impact on apoptosis signaling because ablation of either n-cofilin, ADF, or both proteins together did not change cell death progression. (nature.com)
In summary, our work demonstrates that in mammalian cells ADF/cofilin activity is not generally required for efficient induction of apoptosis. (nature.com)
As 2 O 3 (ATO) acts directly on MM cells at relatively low concentrations, which effects survival and apoptosis of MM cell lines U-266 and RPMI-8226. (ijpsr.com)
Rhamnaceae) on cisplatin-induced damage to kidney epithelial LLC-PK1 cells via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and apoptosis pathways. (mdpi.com)
In the complete absence of oxygen, cells undergo cell death through apoptosis, and not necrosis. (nih.gov)
Treatment of the MM cell line with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‑Aza‑2'‑deoxycytidine (5‑Aza‑CdR) resulted in tumor cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. (spandidos-publications.com)
DNA methylation, a form of epigenetic control of gene transcription, refers to cytosine methylation at position 5 in the pyrimidine ring, which can result in inappropriate silencing of genes involved in diverse biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and cell cycle arrest ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
These findings suggest that CHOP is a fundamental factor that links protein misfolding in the ER to oxidative stress and apoptosis in β cells under conditions of increased insulin demand. (jci.org)
Limiting apoptosis could aid scaling efforts, whereas triggering selective apoptosis in hESCs could eliminate unwanted teratoma-forming cells. (ca.gov)
NF-kappaB-inhibited acute myeloid leukemia cells are rescued from apoptosis by heme oxygenase-1 induction. (nih.gov)
Protection of acute myeloid leukaemia cells from apoptosis induced by front-line chemotherapeutics is mediated by haem oxygenase-1. (nih.gov)
TWEAK-induced TWEAK Receptor-mediated signaling can play roles in inflammation, the induction of apoptosis in certain cell types, the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, and can promote angiogenesis within healthy and diseased tissues, eg, tumors. (bdbiosciences.com)
Effects of RAD001 and letrozole (alone and in combination) on the proliferation and survival of MCF7/Aro and T47D/Aro cells were evaluated using proliferation assays, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and apoptosis analyses. (aacrjournals.org)
Pannexin-1 (Panx1) channels mediate the efflux of ATP and AMP from cancer cells in response to induction of extrinsic apoptosis by death receptors or intrinsic apoptosis by chemotherapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
We previously described the accumulation of extracellular ATP /AMP during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in Jurkat human leukemia cells. (aspetjournals.org)
Sequence from 5-minute MOA that provides insight and details for a monoclonal antibody (mAb) designed to induce programmed tumor cell death (apoptosis) and immunomodulatory activity. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
Low PDCD4 level was associated with reduced proliferation but not apoptosis or phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase caused by pulsatile shear stress to help maintain the homeostasis of endothelial cells. (plos.org)
It is essential that we start early not only to improve beta-cell function but also to make sure that we prevent apoptosis, or death, of beta-cells. (medscape.com)
and parenchymal cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. (medscape.com)

The gene product of CYLD down-regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway, and when this protein is nonfunctional, increased activity of the NF-κB pathway leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation, resulting in the development of adnexal tumors. (medscape.com)
Long non-coding RNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) inhibits cell proliferation in various types of cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
These include modes that are predominately genotoxic (i.e., chromosomal abnormalities, oxidative stress, and gene amplification) vs. more nongenotoxic (i.e., altered growth factors, enhanced cell proliferation and promotion of carcinogenesis, and altered DNA repair). (cdc.gov)
They also act by stabilization of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) which ultimately decreases the proliferation of myeloma cells. (hindawi.com)
Ample evidence shows that pro-atherosclerotic disturbed flow induces sustained activation of atherogenic genes in endothelial cells to promote their oxidation, inflammation, cell cycle progression and proliferation, whereas pulsatile shear stress tends to maintain endothelial cells in a quiescent and less proliferative state with a low level of oxidation and inflammation [16] , [17] . (plos.org)
and it alters cell proliferation, cell death, or nutrient supply. (who.int)

Due to its cytotoxic effect in lymphoid cells, dexamethasone is widely used in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). However, only a subset of myeloma patients responds to high-dose dexamethasone. (hal.science)
They are an important target in the treatment of multiple myeloma as plasma cells producing paraproteins are highly dependent on these enzyme complexes for survival. (hindawi.com)
Bortezomib and carfilzomib are the first and second generation PIs approved by FDA for treatment of multiple myeloma [ 11 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
The monoclonal antibody has become instrumental for the treatment of multiple myeloma. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)

Curcumin has been shown to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which is closely linked to chemo-resistance, in multiple myeloma cells. (ijpsr.com)
PIs prevent degradation of proapoptotic factors and permit activation of programmed cell death in myeloma cells [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
For this mechanism of action video, our task was to create a science story that would depict several key features: how the mAb finds and binds to myeloma cells and exposes them for elimination, how it boosts cells of the immune system, and how this targeted immunotherapy can kill myeloma cells directly. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
In this CAR T therapy, the T cells are engineered to target a protein called BCMA, which is found in abundance on multiple myeloma cells, but is absent from nearly all normal cells. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)

Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 promotes cell death of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (nih.gov)
In the majority of patients multiple sclerosis starts with a relapsing remitting course (RRMS), which may at later times transform into secondary progressive disease (SPMS). (frontiersin.org)
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system which leads to the formation of focal confluent lesions of primary demyelination in the white and gray matter and to diffuse damage and neurodegeneration in the entire brain ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)

Several distinct clinical phases of MM have been identified, including monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and smoldering multiple myeloma ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Our aim was to investigate new possibilities for overcoming this resistance by suppressing cell signaling pathways. (ijpsr.com)
Since the identification of biological pathways is significantly influenced by those differentially expressed genes from different datasets or different statistical methods [ 16 , 17 ], we reason here that an integration of multiple cancer microarray datasets and identification of the most common pathways from these data would reveal key relationships between crucial genes in carcinogenesis. (hindawi.com)
Recent developments include a new treatment option for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma, a better understanding of protein variants that trigger tumor cell death and activate antitumor immunity, insights into the relationship between sickle cell trait and renal medullary carcinoma, the clinical relevance of CD8 T cell state in acute myeloid leukemia, and an understanding of the distinct neuronal pathways triggered by chemotherapy and nerve injury. (mdanderson.org)
In this study, we compared how different signaling pathways determine extracellular nucleotide pools in control Jurkat cells versus Jurkat lines that lack the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) or receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) cell death regulatory proteins. (aspetjournals.org)
Thus, extracellular nucleotide accumulation during regulated tumor cell death involves interplay between ATP/AMP efflux pathways and different cell-autonomous ectonucleotidases. (aspetjournals.org)
Such κB sites are often found adjacent to those of interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible transcription factors, suggesting a requirement for multiple signaling pathways for gene regulation. (rupress.org)
The data gleaned from multiple experiments demonstrate that chemical agents capable of interfering with intrinsic antioxidant pathways do, in fact, increase noise -induced hearing loss and produce extensive outer hair cell death. (cdc.gov)

We combined the high-throughput of mass cytometry, facilitating the analysis of 57 twin pairs, with cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) of eight selected twin pairs to obtain a comprehensive overview of epitopes, transcriptome and T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes. (nature.com)
We demonstrated that the glucocorticoid receptor expression was an important limiting factor for dexamethasone-induced cell death and we found a correlation between glucocorticoid receptor levels and the induction of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) under dexamethasone treatment. (hal.science)
Our results indicate not only that RelA is required for activation of key genes involved in adaptive (acquired) immune responses, including major histocompatibility complex class I, CD40, and the Fas death receptor, but also that both NF-κB-inducing signals and IFN-γ are necessary for maximal activation. (rupress.org)
A few selected segments from a 6-minute animation created for a first-in-class B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed personalized immunotherapy called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
In addition, VdR3e localized at the periphery of the plant cell and triggered immunity depending on its subcellular localization and the cell membrane receptor BAK1. (bvsalud.org)

Here we review what is currently known oxygen deprivation induced cell death and speculate about initiating mechanisms resulting in the activation of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members. (nih.gov)
However, the molecular mechanisms of MEG3 methylation in the regulation of multiple myeloma (MM) are unknown. (spandidos-publications.com)
Neurodegeneration and neurodegenerative diseases (including the shared mechanisms of nerve cell death that contribute to many diseases), Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID), NINDS tissue/cell resources, basic invertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ). (nih.gov)
A small molecule that can easily get into cells, arsenic can cause cell injury and death by multiple mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
As a result of interaction of host cells with these foreign substances, defense mechanisms may be initiated to neutralize the invading infectious agents. (rupress.org)
Germ cells - from which egg cells and sperm cells develop - are particularly vulnerable as they contain sensitive quality control mechanisms that kill any cell that contain damaged DNA. (elifesciences.org)
This may prevent the activation of downstream cell death mechanisms and restore Cl - homeostasis and neuronal function. (jneurosci.org)

It is suggested that CD8 + T-lymphocytes remain in the brain and spinal cord as tissue resident cells, which may focally propagate neuroinflammation, when they re-encounter their cognate antigen. (frontiersin.org)

There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
Spiradenomas arise from the hair follicle bulge rather than the eccrine sweat gland, based on an immunohistochemical study of stem cell markers and with CD200. (medscape.com)
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Express Elevated Levels of Multiple Pro-Apoptotic BCL-2 Family Members. (ca.gov)
The therapeutic potential of human embryonic stem cells is extraordinary. (ca.gov)
The reasons that these cells hold so much promise are two-fold: (1) embryonic stem cells can renew themselves indefinitely (divide and divide and. (ca.gov)
and (2) embryonic stem cells can be trained to become any cell type of the body (neurons, heart muscle, skin, liver, kidney. (ca.gov)
While we have made great strides in developing culture conditions that can support self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, we are a long way from mastering the conditions necessary for differentiating embryonic stem cells into every cell type of the body (of which there are about 200). (ca.gov)
Ultimately, if therapies based on stem cells are to be realized, these cells will have to be grown in massive quantities, with an unprecedented level of quality control to ensure that only one cell type can be found in the lot. (ca.gov)
Furthermore, the fate of stem cells is crucial to their use in new therapies - in other words, these cells must be kept alive and functional to have benefit to human patients. (ca.gov)
However, one of the major challenges facing the growth of embryonic stem cells is the abundance of cell death that occurs. (ca.gov)
Two of the greatest challenges in regenerative medicine today remain (1) the ability to culture human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) at a scale sufficient to satisfy clinical demand and (2) the ability to eliminate teratoma-forming cells from preparations of cells with clinically desirable phenotypes. (ca.gov)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) even face risks of DNA-damage-induced toxicity-related cell death. (biorxiv.org)
Our study highlights the power of mitochondrial variants as an endogenous marker for clonal tracking in modeling human development from stem cells. (biorxiv.org)

The ability to perform lineage tracing at the single-cell level is critical to reconstructing dynamic transitions during cell differentiation. (biorxiv.org)
The inhibitors demonstrated promising effects in vitro with reduced viability, increased differentiation and cell death of neuroblastoma cells. (lu.se)

Previous applications of microarray technology for cancer research have mostly focused on identifying genes that are differentially expressed between a particular cancer and normal cells. (hindawi.com)
Microarray technology, monitoring mRNA abundance of tens of thousands of genes simultaneously, provides an efficient tool to characterize a cell at the molecular level. (hindawi.com)
One important area in microarray-based cancer research is to identify genes that are differentially expressed between cancerous and normal cells and to discover diagnostic and prognostic signatures in order to predict therapeutic responses. (hindawi.com)
However, the simple list of individual differentially expressed genes can only tell us which genes are altered by biological differences between different cell types and/or states. (hindawi.com)
Our results show that RelA plays a critical role in activation of immune system genes in response to nonspecific stimuli and demonstrate a novel proapoptotic function for this protein in Fas-induced cell death. (rupress.org)
Individuals who inherit sickle-cell genes from both parents are homozygotes and develop SCD, while those who inherit the gene from only one parent have the sickle-cell trait (SCT). (who.int)

Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) is an important tumor suppressor in the development of various human cancers [1] and inhibits translation rather than transcription. (plos.org)
Mast cells secrete histamine that inhibits vasoconstriction via H2 receptors on smooth muscle cells. (cdc.gov)

Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. (nih.gov)
Relative to other variants, isoforms 3/4 were cytotoxic for tumor cells, triggering pyroptosis and resulting in better antitumor outcomes in bladder and cervical cancer models. (mdanderson.org)
A number of molecules mediating the inflammatory (NF-κB, cytokines/chemokines, adhesion molecules, and novel protein kinase C isoforms) and cell death responses (eg, caspases) play a role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. (medscape.com)

All substances showed inhibition of NF-κB p65 fraction in both U-266 and RPMI-8226 cell lines. (ijpsr.com)
In both cell lines ATO achieves NF-κB inhibition. (ijpsr.com)
We therefore assayed both Ca2+i and plasma membrane integrity in fura-2-loaded, single SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, using digitized video microscopy and metabolic inhibition (2.5 mM NaCN, 10 mM 2-deoxyglucose) to model the ATP depletion of hypoxia. (jneurosci.org)
KSP inhibition caused tumor regression in vivo and resulted in increased survival of multiple PDX models. (lu.se)

These cells expressed central nervous system-homing receptors, exhibited a dysregulated CD25-IL-2 axis, and their proliferative capacity positively correlated with MS severity. (nature.com)
TWEAK Receptors are relatively highly expressed on HUVEC cells and certain tumor cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
Thus, LPS present in cell walls of gram-negative bacteria is recognized by cell surface receptors present on many different types of cells, and viral products such as double-stranded (ds)RNA molecules can activate intracellular kinases ( 1 , 2 ). (rupress.org)
In contrast, an adaptive immune response exists only in vertebrates and is dependent on the presence of antigen receptors displayed on specialized cells of the immune system. (rupress.org)

Sickle-cell disease prevalence depends on sickle-cell trait. (who.int)

Key open questions in MS research are the identification of the target antigen recognized by tissue resident CD8 + T-cells and B-cells and the molecular nature of the soluble inflammatory mediators, which may trigger tissue damage. (frontiersin.org)

We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
Application of unidirectional pulsatile shear stress to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) decreased PDCD4 protein but not mRNA level. (plos.org)
However, the action of PDCD4 in endothelial cells is unclear. (plos.org)
Vascular endothelial cells, as a monolayer in direct contact with the flowing blood, bear the most of the wall shear stresses and have important homeostatic functions in response to stress [16] . (plos.org)

The ITEM-4 antibody can induce the death of certain TWEAK-sensitive tumor target cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
We investigated the characteristics of VdR3e-mediated immunity and demonstrated that VdR3e acts as a PAMP to activate a variety of plant defense responses and induce plant cell death. (bvsalud.org)

The other type of inflammation is a slow accumulation of T-cells and B-cells in the absence of major blood brain barrier damage in the connective tissue spaces of the brain, such as the meninges and the large perivascular Virchow Robin spaces, where they may form aggregates or in most severe cases structures in part resembling tertiary lymph follicles. (frontiersin.org)
Sickled red blood cells promote inflammation, obstruct the vasculature, injure the endothelium, and may lead to ischemic damage in vital organs. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
Inflammation in this situation has caused cell death. (medscape.com)

Elevated free cytosolic Ca2+ (Ca2+i) has been implicated as a mechanism of hypoxic neuronal death. (jneurosci.org)
Ischemic injury to the CNS results in loss of ionic homeostasis and the development of neuronal death. (jneurosci.org)
Transient cerebral ischemia induces a cascade of cellular events that eventually produces neuronal death, especially in vulnerable areas such as the hippocampus. (jneurosci.org)
Recently, more attention has been focused on changes in intracellular Cl - and its role in ischemia-induced neuronal death. (jneurosci.org)

Whereas these cross-sectional analyses revealed potential biomarkers, they cannot control for the effects of the genetic heterogeneity underlying MS susceptibility required for a patient to develop MS and its potential influence on immune cell perturbations. (nature.com)
Stress on these hypertrophic adipocytes results in lipid spillover (fatty acid release) into the circulation, as well as proinflammatory cytokine release and immune cell recruitment. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)

Casein kinase-2 mediates cell survival through phosphorylation and degradation of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2. (nih.gov)
In both genetic and diet-induced models of insulin resistance, CHOP deficiency improved β cell ultrastructure and promoted cell survival. (jci.org)

Our aim is to reveal mechanism of different cell death induction by curcumin, arsenic-trioxide, degrasyn, and carfilzomib in human multiple myeloma cell lines. (ijpsr.com)

Accordingly, the epistatic relationship between cell death and SA accumulation, analyzed in crosses between lesion-mimic mutants (spontaneous lesion formation) and the transgenic nahG line (depleted in SA) places the SA activity in a feedback loop downstream and upstream of cell death. (springer.com)
Exciting advances have been made in the identification of cellular protective functions and cell death suppressors that might operate in HR. Moreover, the spatio-temporal patterns of the SA accumulation (non-homogeneous distribution, biphasic kinetics) described in some HR lesions, may also reveal important clues for unraveling the complex cellular network that tightly balances pro- and anti-death functions in the hypersensitive cell death. (springer.com)
Robust extracellular ATP/AMP accumulation was observed in the FADD-deficient cells during necroptosis, but not during apoptotic activation of Panx1 channels. (aspetjournals.org)
Accumulation of extracellular ATP/AMP was similarly absent in RIP1-deficient Jurkat cells during apoptotic responses to chemotherapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
The differences in extracellular ATP/AMP accumulation correlated with cell-line-specific expression of ectonucleotidases that metabolized the released ATP/AMP. (aspetjournals.org)
Differential expression of particular ectonucleotidases in tumor cell variants will determine whether chemotherapy-induced activation of Panx1 channels drives accumulation of immunostimulatory ATP versus immunosuppressive adenosine within the tumor microenvironment. (aspetjournals.org)

However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
Segment from a 4-minute animation that explores the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease and the progressive, tissue-damaging effects of chronic hemolysis and anemia. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)

Mammalian cells have multiple responses to low or zero oxygen concentrations. (nih.gov)

By integrating data on the immune profiles of healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, we estimated the variance in CD25 expression by helper T cells displaying a naive phenotype to be largely driven by genetic and shared early environmental influences. (nature.com)
Nonetheless, the expanding helper T cells of twins with MS, which were also elevated in non-twin patients with MS, emerged independent of the individual genetic makeup. (nature.com)
Hence, investigating how genetic predisposition and environmental triggers shape the interactions of individual immune cells is vital to understand the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases including MS. (nature.com)
We re-evaluate the anti-tumor effect of dexamethasone according to the molecular heterogeneity of MM. We demonstrated that the pro-death effect of dexamethasone is related to the genetic heterogeneity of MM because sensitive cell lines were restricted to MAF and MMSET signature subgroups, whereas all CCND1 cell lines (n = 10) were resistant to dexamethasone. (hal.science)
As a haematological cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of plasma cells, MM maintains pathophysiologic heterogeneity due to its complex genetic background ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We explored the use of naturally occurring somatic mutations in mitochondrial transcripts detected in single-cell RNA-seq as genetic lineage barcodes in HPSC. (biorxiv.org)
Sickle-cell disease (SCD) is a genetic condition in which the red blood cells contain haemoglobin S (HbS), an abnormal form of the oxygen-carrying protein. (who.int)

In this study, we found that RING finger protein 4 (RNF4), a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, is required for the RIPK1 autophosphorylation and subsequent cell death. (mdpi.com)
Treatment of neuroblastoma PDX cells with ARRY-520 resulted in mitotic arrest and subsequent cell death. (lu.se)

Our assignment: visually depict several key critical aspects of the SCD story, such as hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization, red blood cell sickling and tethering, vaso-occlusion, and chronic hemolysis. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
Chronic exposure to vibration is predicted to decrease mast cell number and result in untempered vasospastic activity. (cdc.gov)
Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and respiratory diseases are the leading causes of death," Katz notes. (nationalgeographic.com)

sickly mitochondria, for instance, can send out a biological signal that promotes cell death. (ataxia.org)

The gasdermin B (GSDMB) protein can trigger cancer-associated pyroptosis - a form of programmed cell death that activates antitumor immune responses - but its exact role is controversial. (mdanderson.org)
We demonstrate that VdR3e causes cell death by triggering multiple defense responses. (bvsalud.org)

The role of DNA methylation in the mediation of multiple tumor suppressor gene and microRNA silencing has been implicated in the development and progression of MM ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
19 ] proposed a similar method to identify differential gene-gene coexpression patterns in cells from normal state to cancerous state. (hindawi.com)
Multiple sulfatase deficiency is caused by mutations in the SUMF1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
After treatment, rats were euthanized, and tail tissues were chemically fixed for histological analysis of nerves (PGP9.5, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene related protein) and mast cells (avidin, Alcian Blue/Safranin O).2 Single sections were doublestained for nerve fibers and mast cells to permit assessment of the degree of physical overlap. (cdc.gov)

Ca2+i did not appreciably increase further until the time of cell death, when the loss of plasma membrane integrity allowed unimpeded influx of extracellular Ca2+. (jneurosci.org)
Here in the glomerulus, the images show progressive damage to the tubules, damage to podocytes (including loss of them), and scarring as a result of mesangial cells excreting extracellular matrix. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
BACKGROUND: The extracellular space between the cell wall and plasma membrane is a battlefield in plant-pathogen interactions. (bvsalud.org)

For this work, I have used patient-derived xenograft mouse models and neuroblastoma cells grown as 3D tumor organoids. (lu.se)
Analysis of KSP expression across multiple tumor types demonstrated that neuroblastoma is highly dependent on this protein. (lu.se)
Rigosertib reduced cell viability of neuroblastoma cells and caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. (lu.se)

The progression from insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes is caused by the failure of pancreatic β cells to produce sufficient levels of insulin to meet the metabolic demand. (jci.org)
Although PDCD4 in general suppresses the development and progression of tumors, its specific biological functions differ by cell type [8] . (plos.org)

The major energy generators in our cells are compartmentalized machines known as "mitochondria. (ataxia.org)
Mitochondria rely on a series of biochemical steps (collectively referred to as "cellular respiration") to create ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used throughout the cell as a common currency for energy-dependent processes. (ataxia.org)
You may have heard mitochondria referred to "the powerhouses of the cell" for their role in producing ATP - because the cell uses energy nearly exclusively in the form of ATP, mitochondria are the major fuel source for our bodies. (ataxia.org)
Some cells, like brain and muscle cells, require much more energy, and therefore contain many more mitochondria than cells that are less active. (ataxia.org)
For example, a new exercise regime can change the number and activity of mitochondria in muscle cells. (ataxia.org)
When mitochondria do not function properly, energy production becomes faulty, and cells become starved for energy. (ataxia.org)
Because of the need for energy in every one of our cells, mitochondria are critical for many different functions throughout the body. (ataxia.org)

Instead, once given a "go" signal, cells utilize their own energy and cellular machinery to dismantle themselves, a process known as programmed cell death. (ca.gov)
Activation of the complement system triggers the formation of pores in the cellular membrane, leading to cell death. (hybridmedicalanimation.com)
It involves cellular restructuring of the liver in the presence of inflammatory processes, which can lead to hepatocellular carcinomas, cirrhosis, and often death. (nursingcenter.com)

The protein has multiple variants created from mRNA splicing, and these can have either anti- or pro-tumor functions. (mdanderson.org)

B-cell maturation is associated with a programmed rearrangement of DNA sequences in the process of encoding the structure of mature immunoglobulins. (ijpsr.com)

Although extensive data has described the key role of salicylic acid (SA) in signaling pathogen-induced disease resistance, its function in physiological processes related to cell death is still poorly understood. (springer.com)

If we could somehow block the cell death that occurs in these cultures or if we could change the conditions to remove the components that trigger cell death, we could achieve growth of hESCs of a greater scale. (ca.gov)
The protein then switches to an active form when DNA damage is detected to trigger the process of cell self-destruction. (elifesciences.org)

In U-266 cells significant LC3b increase was recorded after carfilzomib treatment. (ijpsr.com)

Bead enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Vero cell assay were performed to detect and evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the Shiga toxins produced by the strains. (cdc.gov)

Malignant cells of this kind typically develop progressive multidrug resistance. (ijpsr.com)
Cells typically die when their needs are not met (either lack of proper nutrients or growth factors) or when they face harsh conditions. (ca.gov)
Ingestion typically leads to profuse vomiting and diarrhea followed by multisystem organ failure and possibly death within 36 to 72 hours of exposure. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation typically leads to respiratory distress, fever, and cough followed by the development of pulmonary edema, hypotension, respiratory failure, and possibly death within 36 to 72 hours. (cdc.gov)

The published work identifies some of the key molecules inside hESCs that are responsible for driving cell death in standard growth conditions. (ca.gov)
Sulfate-containing molecules that are not broken down build up in cells, often resulting in cell death. (medlineplus.gov)

Using complementary multimodal high-throughput and high-dimensional single-cell technologies in conjunction with data-driven computational tools, we identified an inflammatory shift in a monocyte cluster of twins with MS, coupled with the emergence of a population of IL-2 hyper-responsive transitional naive helper T cells as MS-related immune alterations. (nature.com)

As such, there are multiple types of conditions that can result from mitochondrial dysfunction. (ataxia.org)
We modeled the development of embryonic tissues from hPSCs and delineated the ontogeny of hematopoietic cells by mitochondrial variant lineage tracing. (biorxiv.org)
We further applied mitochondrial variant lineage tracing to spatial transcriptomics and identified the clonal development of both erythro-myeloid progenitors and their niche cells. (biorxiv.org)

Repeated nerve injury can invoke death of the nerve cell body and failure to regenerate. (cdc.gov)

Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)

It is the second most common hematological malignancy responsible for around 15% to 20% percent of deaths of all hematological cancer and around 2% of deaths from all cancers 2 . (ijpsr.com)
Patients with blood cancers such as leukemia and lymphoma are often treated by irradiating their bone marrow to destroy the diseased cells. (scitechdaily.com)

In RPMI-8226 cells evident activation of caspase 3 by ATO was seen. (ijpsr.com)
It has been reported that RNF4 negatively regulates TNF-α-induced activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through downregulation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activity, indicating the possibility that RNF4-mediated TAK1 suppression results in enhanced sensitivity to cell death. (mdpi.com)
Apoptotic activation triggered equivalent proteolytic gating of Panx1 channels in all three Jurkat cell lines. (aspetjournals.org)

Here we propose an integrative method based on the bootstrapping Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and a large set of microarray data produced with various types of cancer to discover common molecular changes in cells from normal state to cancerous state. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, these methods fail to grasp the common molecular changes in cells transitioning from a normal state to the cancerous state. (hindawi.com)

Biochemical data suggest that SA potentiates the signal pathway for HR by affecting an early phosphorylation-sensitive step preceding the generation of pro-death signals, including those derived from the oxidative burst. (springer.com)

Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members such as bax or bak are clearly required to initiate cytochrome c/apaf-1/caspase-9 mediated cell death during oxygen deprivation. (nih.gov)
The term 'necrotic' alludes to either apoptotic or necrotic cell death. (springer.com)
Our findings indicate that hESCs express elevated levels of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only BCL-2 family members NOXA, BIK, BIM, BMF and PUMA when compared with differentiated cells and cancer cells. (ca.gov)

Anatomy41

Organisms14

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs95

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care4

Apoptosis23

Proliferation6

Treatment of multiple myeloma4

Myeloma cells4

Sclerosis3

Smoldering multiple myeloma1

Pathways7

Receptor5

Mechanisms7

Spinal cord1

Stem13

Differentiation2

Genes6

Inhibits2

Isoforms3

Inhibition4

Receptors4

Sickle cell1

Antigen1

Endothelial cells5

Induce2

Inflammation3

Neuronal death4

Immune cell2

Survival2

Mechanism1

Accumulation6

Tissue2

Mammalian1

Genetic7

Subsequent cell death2

Chronic3

Promotes1

Responses2

Gene5

Extracellular3

Neuroblastoma3

Progression2

Mitochondria7

Cellular3

Variants1

Maturation1

Processes1

Trigger2

Carfilzomib1

Cytotoxic effect1

Typically4

Molecules2

Inflammatory1

Mitochondrial3

Nerve cell1

Undergo1

Cancers2

Activation3

Molecular2

Oxidative1

Apoptotic3