• However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many sources differentiate between internal rectal intussusception and mucosal prolapse, implying that the former is a full thickness prolapse of rectal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rectal prolapse starts as a mucosal extrusion from the mucocutaneous junction, which may eventually progress to full-thickness prolapse. (medscape.com)
  • External (complete) rectal prolapse (rectal procidentia, full thickness rectal prolapse, external rectal prolapse) is a full thickness, circumferential, true intussusception of the rectal wall which protrudes from the anus and is visible externally. (wikipedia.org)
  • Internal rectal intussusception (occult rectal prolapse, internal procidentia) can be defined as a funnel shaped infolding of the upper rectal (or lower sigmoid) wall that can occur during defecation. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, a publication by the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons stated that internal rectal intussusception involved the mucosal and submucosal layers separating from the underlying muscularis mucosa layer attachments, resulting in the separated portion of rectal lining "sliding" down. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS, solitary rectal ulcer, SRU) occurs with internal rectal intussusception and is part of the spectrum of rectal prolapse conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • It describes ulceration of the rectal lining caused by repeated frictional damage as the internal intussusception is forced into the anal canal during straining. (wikipedia.org)
  • SRUS can be considered a consequence of internal intussusception, which can be demonstrated in 94% of cases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rectal prolapse and internal rectal intussusception has been classified according to the size of the prolapsed section of rectum, a function of rectal mobility from the sacrum and infolding of the rectum. (wikipedia.org)
  • SRUS can be considered a consequence of internal intussusception, which can be demonstrated in majority of cases. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
  • A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lockhart-Mummery's preferred operative treatment was linear cauterization of the prolapsed rectum, with recurrences treated by 5% phenol injection. (medscape.com)
  • Upon histologic examination, the anal canal consists of mucosa, submucosa, and 2 muscular layers: the internal anal sphincter (IAS), which is a continuation of the circular muscle of the rectum, and [3] the external anal sphincter (EAS), which lies outside the IAS as an elliptic cylinder, continuous with the puborectalis muscle superiorly. (medscape.com)
  • Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a rare disorder that involves straining during defecation, a sense of incomplete evacuation, and sometimes passage of blood and mucus by rectum. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Procidentia is complete prolapse of the entire thickness of the rectum. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, both internal mucosal prolapse (see below) and circumferential mucosal prolapse are described by some. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rectal prolapse refers to the circumferential extrusion of some or the entire rectal wall through the external anal sphincter. (medscape.com)
  • Lesions are typically located in the anterior rectal wall within 10 cm of the anal verge. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It includes solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, rectal prolapse, proctitis cystica profunda, and inflammatory polyps. (wikipedia.org)
  • Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is caused by mucosal ischemia of the distal rectal mucosa resulting from trauma. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Diagnosis of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is typically made by clinical history and flexible sigmoidoscopy, but biopsy is sometimes done for confirmation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mucosal prolapse (partial rectal mucosal prolapse) refers to prolapse of the loosening of the submucosal attachments to the muscularis propria of the distal rectummucosal layer of the rectal wall. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is caused by localized ischemic injury or prolapse of the distal rectal mucosa. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chronic constipation , female sex, multiple pregnancies , previous pelvic surgery, pelvic floor disorders, and neurologic disorders are predisposing factors for rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
  • Resection rectopexy has been the preferred surgical option and is indicated for patients with complete rectal prolapse associated with chronic constipation. (medscape.com)
  • Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen shows a thickened mucosal layer with distortion of the crypt architecture and replacement of the lamina propria with smooth muscle and collagen, leading to hypertrophy and disorganization of the muscularis mucosa. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1] Although, less common in Western societies, pediatric rectal prolapse is a relatively common benign disorder in children. (medscape.com)
  • Other indications for resection rectopexy for rectal prolapse include significant sigmoid diverticular disease and excessively redundant sigmoid (which is at risk of volvulus ). (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] A 2019 randomized prospective study compared transanal rectal resection with laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for obstructive defecation in elderly patients and reported significantly better results (improved long-term functional outcome, lower recurrence rates, and reduced complications) with the laparoscopic approach. (medscape.com)
  • Straining during defecation predisposes children with constipation, diarrhea, or parasitosis to prolapse, as does childhood laxative usage. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] A multicenter randomized trial from Sweden compared four surgical procedures for rectal prolapse-Delorme's procedure, Altemeier's procedure, suture rectopexy, or resection rectopexy-and found that whereas health change scores were significantly improved up to 1 year, there were no significant differences between the procedures with respect to degree of bowel function improvement, recurrence rate, or postoperative complications. (medscape.com)
  • Mucosal prolapse syndrome (MPS) is recognized by some. (wikipedia.org)
  • PMID- 5097502 TI - A pericentric inversion, 5 p-q+, and additional complex rearrangements in a case of cri-du-chat syndrome. (nih.gov)
  • they range from mucosal erythema to ulcers to small mass lesions. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In children, rectal prolapse should always be considered a presenting sign of an underlying condition, and not a disease entity unto itself. (medscape.com)
  • Although perineal approaches to rectal prolapse were previously favored for the elderly, more recent studies demonstrated that laparoscopy has made an abdominal approach beneficial and safe for this patient population. (medscape.com)
  • Most external prolapse cases can be treated successfully, often with a surgical procedure. (wikipedia.org)
  • 6] Most patients (77%) with rectal prolapse presenting after anorectoplasty can be successfully managed with conservative treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Internal prolapses are traditionally harder to treat and surgery may not be suitable for many patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Associated anatomic findings include a deep cul-de-sac (rectouterine or rectovesical) pouch, weak lateral rectal attachments, laxity of the levator ani, and weakness of the internal and external anal sphincter, which may be associated with pudendal nerve dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Most cases are self-limiting, with prompt resolution after conservative measures aimed at correcting the associated underlying process. (medscape.com)
  • The term "mucosal hemorrhoidal prolapse" is also used. (wikipedia.org)
  • The different kinds of rectal prolapse can be difficult to grasp, as different definitions are used and some recognize some subtypes and others do not. (wikipedia.org)