Types of rectal prolapseFull thickness prolapseIntussusceptionDegree prolapseMucous dischargeProtrusionRectumCircumferentialAnterior rectalSolitaryAnusHemorrhoidsDistalChronicMuscularis mucosaEtiologyBenignSigmoid2019DefecationSurgical proceduresSyndromeRefersUlcersCompleteEntityAbdominalSymptomsSuccessfullyPatientsTreatmentExternalElderlyConservative measuresIncludeTrueTermSurgeryDifficultMultiple
Types of rectal prolapse1
- However, most researchers agree that there are 3 to 5 different types of rectal prolapse, depending on whether the prolapsed section is visible externally, and whether the full or only partial thickness of the rectal wall is involved. (wikipedia.org)
Full thickness prolapse2
- Many sources differentiate between internal rectal intussusception and mucosal prolapse, implying that the former is a full thickness prolapse of rectal wall. (wikipedia.org)
- Rectal prolapse starts as a mucosal extrusion from the mucocutaneous junction, which may eventually progress to full-thickness prolapse. (medscape.com)
Intussusception8
- External (complete) rectal prolapse (rectal procidentia, full thickness rectal prolapse, external rectal prolapse) is a full thickness, circumferential, true intussusception of the rectal wall which protrudes from the anus and is visible externally. (wikipedia.org)
- Internal rectal intussusception (occult rectal prolapse, internal procidentia) can be defined as a funnel shaped infolding of the upper rectal (or lower sigmoid) wall that can occur during defecation. (wikipedia.org)
- However, a publication by the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons stated that internal rectal intussusception involved the mucosal and submucosal layers separating from the underlying muscularis mucosa layer attachments, resulting in the separated portion of rectal lining "sliding" down. (wikipedia.org)
- Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS, solitary rectal ulcer, SRU) occurs with internal rectal intussusception and is part of the spectrum of rectal prolapse conditions. (wikipedia.org)
- It describes ulceration of the rectal lining caused by repeated frictional damage as the internal intussusception is forced into the anal canal during straining. (wikipedia.org)
- SRUS can be considered a consequence of internal intussusception, which can be demonstrated in 94% of cases. (wikipedia.org)
- Rectal prolapse and internal rectal intussusception has been classified according to the size of the prolapsed section of rectum, a function of rectal mobility from the sacrum and infolding of the rectum. (wikipedia.org)
- SRUS can be considered a consequence of internal intussusception, which can be demonstrated in majority of cases. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Degree prolapse3
- First degree prolapse includes the mucocutaneous junction. (medscape.com)
- Second degree prolapse occurs without involvement of the mucocutaneous junction. (medscape.com)
- Third degree prolapse is internal concealed or occult, and does not pass through the anal verge. (medscape.com)
Mucous discharge2
- Rectal prolapse may occur without any symptoms, but depending upon the nature of the prolapse there may be mucous discharge (mucus coming from the anus), rectal bleeding, degrees of fecal incontinence, and obstructed defecation symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
- Rectal prolapse may result in mucous discharge, rectal bleeding, degrees of faecal incontinence and obstructed defecation symptoms. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Protrusion2
- One classification of rectal prolapse divides the entity into true prolapse (protrusion of all layers of the rectum) and procidentia (herniation of only the mucosa). (medscape.com)
- Diagnosis Rectal prolapse is painless protrusion of the rectum through the anus. (msdmanuals.com)
Rectum5
- A rectal prolapse occurs when walls of the rectum have prolapsed to such a degree that they protrude out of the anus and are visible outside the body. (wikipedia.org)
- Lockhart-Mummery's preferred operative treatment was linear cauterization of the prolapsed rectum, with recurrences treated by 5% phenol injection. (medscape.com)
- Upon histologic examination, the anal canal consists of mucosa, submucosa, and 2 muscular layers: the internal anal sphincter (IAS), which is a continuation of the circular muscle of the rectum, and [3] the external anal sphincter (EAS), which lies outside the IAS as an elliptic cylinder, continuous with the puborectalis muscle superiorly. (medscape.com)
- Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is a rare disorder that involves straining during defecation, a sense of incomplete evacuation, and sometimes passage of blood and mucus by rectum. (msdmanuals.com)
- Procidentia is complete prolapse of the entire thickness of the rectum. (msdmanuals.com)
Circumferential2
- However, both internal mucosal prolapse (see below) and circumferential mucosal prolapse are described by some. (wikipedia.org)
- Rectal prolapse refers to the circumferential extrusion of some or the entire rectal wall through the external anal sphincter. (medscape.com)
Anterior rectal1
- Lesions are typically located in the anterior rectal wall within 10 cm of the anal verge. (msdmanuals.com)
Solitary3
- It includes solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, rectal prolapse, proctitis cystica profunda, and inflammatory polyps. (wikipedia.org)
- Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is caused by mucosal ischemia of the distal rectal mucosa resulting from trauma. (msdmanuals.com)
- Diagnosis of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome is typically made by clinical history and flexible sigmoidoscopy, but biopsy is sometimes done for confirmation. (msdmanuals.com)
Anus1
- Complete rectal prolapse or external rectal prolapse is the prolapse of rectal wall to a degree where it protrudes out of the anus and is visible outside. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Hemorrhoids2
- Most sources define mucosal prolapse as an external, segmental prolapse which is easily confused with prolapsed (3rd or 4th degree) hemorrhoids (piles). (wikipedia.org)
- It can be easily confused with prolapsed (3rd or 4th degree) hemorrhoids. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Distal2
- Mucosal prolapse (partial rectal mucosal prolapse) refers to prolapse of the loosening of the submucosal attachments to the muscularis propria of the distal rectummucosal layer of the rectal wall. (wikipedia.org)
- It is caused by localized ischemic injury or prolapse of the distal rectal mucosa. (msdmanuals.com)
Chronic2
- Chronic constipation , female sex, multiple pregnancies , previous pelvic surgery, pelvic floor disorders, and neurologic disorders are predisposing factors for rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
- Resection rectopexy has been the preferred surgical option and is indicated for patients with complete rectal prolapse associated with chronic constipation. (medscape.com)
Muscularis mucosa1
- Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen shows a thickened mucosal layer with distortion of the crypt architecture and replacement of the lamina propria with smooth muscle and collagen, leading to hypertrophy and disorganization of the muscularis mucosa. (msdmanuals.com)
Etiology1
- Rectal prolapse and its etiology were first described in 1912 by Moschcowitz. (medscape.com)
Benign1
- 1] Although, less common in Western societies, pediatric rectal prolapse is a relatively common benign disorder in children. (medscape.com)
Sigmoid1
- Other indications for resection rectopexy for rectal prolapse include significant sigmoid diverticular disease and excessively redundant sigmoid (which is at risk of volvulus ). (medscape.com)
20191
- [ 3 ] A 2019 randomized prospective study compared transanal rectal resection with laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for obstructive defecation in elderly patients and reported significantly better results (improved long-term functional outcome, lower recurrence rates, and reduced complications) with the laparoscopic approach. (medscape.com)
Defecation1
- Straining during defecation predisposes children with constipation, diarrhea, or parasitosis to prolapse, as does childhood laxative usage. (medscape.com)
Surgical procedures1
- [ 7 ] A multicenter randomized trial from Sweden compared four surgical procedures for rectal prolapse-Delorme's procedure, Altemeier's procedure, suture rectopexy, or resection rectopexy-and found that whereas health change scores were significantly improved up to 1 year, there were no significant differences between the procedures with respect to degree of bowel function improvement, recurrence rate, or postoperative complications. (medscape.com)
Syndrome2
- Mucosal prolapse syndrome (MPS) is recognized by some. (wikipedia.org)
- PMID- 5097502 TI - A pericentric inversion, 5 p-q+, and additional complex rearrangements in a case of cri-du-chat syndrome. (nih.gov)
Refers2
- Internal mucosal prolapse (rectal internal mucosal prolapse, RIMP) refers to prolapse of the mucosal layer of the rectal wall which does not protrude externally. (wikipedia.org)
- Mucosal prolapse (partial rectal mucosal prolapse) refers to prolapse of the lining of the lower bowel due to loosening of the submucosal attachments to the muscularis propria of the rectal wall. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Ulcers1
- they range from mucosal erythema to ulcers to small mass lesions. (msdmanuals.com)
Complete7
- Rectal prolapse can be divided into complete rectal prolapse, partial rectal prolapse, internal rectal prolapse, rectocele or mucosal prolapse. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
- The only potentially curative treatment for complete rectal prolapse is surgery. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
- Type III Complete, full-thickness rectal wall prolapse, associated with a sliding hernia of the Douglas pouch. (medscape.com)
- Resection restopexy is the preferred surgical treatment for complete rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
- complete or full-thickness rectal prolapse is also known as procidentia. (medscape.com)
- In this article, the term rectal prolapse should be understood as referring to complete rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
- Surgical repair is the mainstay of therapy for complete rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
Entity1
- In children, rectal prolapse should always be considered a presenting sign of an underlying condition, and not a disease entity unto itself. (medscape.com)
Abdominal1
- Although perineal approaches to rectal prolapse were previously favored for the elderly, more recent studies demonstrated that laparoscopy has made an abdominal approach beneficial and safe for this patient population. (medscape.com)
Symptoms2
- Dietary adjustments to reduce constipation and straining may help to some extent especially in patients unfit for surgery but prolapse symptoms are difficult to control with conservative measures alone. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
- There are many perineal procedures depending on the symptoms and anatomy and include mucopexy, mucosal excision, STARR procedure, delormes procedure, altemier's procedure etc. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Successfully2
- Most external prolapse cases can be treated successfully, often with a surgical procedure. (wikipedia.org)
- 6] Most patients (77%) with rectal prolapse presenting after anorectoplasty can be successfully managed with conservative treatment. (medscape.com)
Patients1
- Internal prolapses are traditionally harder to treat and surgery may not be suitable for many patients. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment3
- Conservative treatment has a more significant role in other forms of prolapse. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
- Treatment is a bowel regimen for mild cases, but surgery is sometimes needed if rectal prolapse is the cause. (msdmanuals.com)
- Medical management has no role in the treatment of rectal prolapse. (medscape.com)
External1
- Associated anatomic findings include a deep cul-de-sac (rectouterine or rectovesical) pouch, weak lateral rectal attachments, laxity of the levator ani, and weakness of the internal and external anal sphincter, which may be associated with pudendal nerve dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Elderly2
- Rectal prolapse is generally more common in elderly women, although it may occur at any age and in either sex. (wikipedia.org)
- Rectal prolapse can occur at any age and in any gender but is more common in elderly women. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Conservative measures1
- Most cases are self-limiting, with prompt resolution after conservative measures aimed at correcting the associated underlying process. (medscape.com)
Include1
- Other related terminologies include intussception or procidentia. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
True1
- Others do not consider mucosal prolapse a true form of rectal prolapse. (wikipedia.org)
Term1
- The term "mucosal hemorrhoidal prolapse" is also used. (wikipedia.org)
Surgery1
- Internal prolapses or rectoceles are often treated conservatively at first and a small proportion go on to need surgery for correction. (manchestergeneralandcolorectalsurgery.co.uk)
Difficult1
- The different kinds of rectal prolapse can be difficult to grasp, as different definitions are used and some recognize some subtypes and others do not. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple1
- Image of young patient with full-thickness rectal prolapse with multiple circular folds seen on exposed mucosa. (medscape.com)