Filter...

AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentDisciplines and OccupationsHealth CareGeographicals

Select a category...

Leishmaniasis, VisceralLeishmania donovaniLeprosyLeishmaniasis, MucocutaneousLeishmaniasis, CutaneousLeishmaniasisCandidiasis, Chronic MucocutaneousLeprosy, LepromatousAntiprotozoal AgentsLeishmania braziliensisLeishmaniaLeprosy, TuberculoidLeishmania infantumMycobacterium lepraeLeishmaniasis, Diffuse CutaneousLeprosy, BorderlineMegluminePsychodidaeLeprosy, MultibacillaryLeishmaniasis VaccinesLeprostatic AgentsLeishmania guyanensisAntimonyPhlebotomusLeprosy, PaucibacillaryAntimony Sodium GluconateLeishmania tropicaOral UlcerDog DiseasesCandidiasis, CutaneousLeishmania majorAntigens, ProtozoanBrazilLeishmania mexicanaMouth DiseasesEndemic DiseasesSkin DiseasesAntibodies, ProtozoanPolyendocrinopathies, AutoimmuneInsect VectorsSkin UlcerPeutz-Jeghers SyndromeErythema NodosumDNA, ProtozoanSkinOrganometallic CompoundsParomomycinPhosphorylcholineLip DiseasesMucocutaneous Lymph Node SyndromeDNA, KinetoplastBehcet SyndromeProtozoan VaccinesLeprominMouth MucosaMucous MembranePemphigusSkin Diseases, VascularNail DiseasesParasite LoadEyelidsDisease ReservoirsIndiaSkin TestsArmadillosSudanDogsAmphotericin BNose DiseasesStevens-Johnson SyndromeClofazimineDapsoneInsect ControlVenezuelaGingival DiseasesNose Deformities, AcquiredLeishmaniavirusPolymerase Chain ReactionTelangiectasia, Hereditary HemorrhagicAcitretinParasitologyInterferon-gammaEnterostomyAIDS-Related Opportunistic InfectionsColombiaWorld Health Organization

Post-kala-azar derMillion cases of cutaneousHealth OrganizationLepromatous leprosyCentral and SouLeishmaniaUlcersEndemic areasDiffuseRecidivansManifestationsParasitesOccurBlack feverAfricaPentavalent antimonialsLesionVector-borneDiagnosisNeglected tropicalSymptomsFatalMucous membranesScarNoseFeverPeruSandflyConsistsCasesSpeciesSkinDiagnosticSand fliesDiseasePhlebotomusIndiaBrazilInvolvementFormCommonInfectionAreasFeaturesMajor

Post-kala-azar der2

• Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis follows the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and has predominantly been described in Africa (about 2% of cases) and India (about 10% of cases). (medscape.com)
• Leprosy and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) are co-endemic neglected tropical diseases often misdiagnosed because of close resemblance in their clinical manifestations. (bvsalud.org)

Million cases of cutaneous1

• It is difficult to pinpoint how many cases occur globally, since most may occur in rural, poor areas without established systems of reporting, but the World Health Organization (WHO) reports over 1 million cases of cutaneous (skin) leishmaniasis in the last five years. (medicinenet.com)

Health Organization3

• The World Health Organization has obtained discounts on some medications to treat the disease. (wikipedia.org)
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), leishmaniasis is endemic in 88 countries, with a total of 350 million people at risk. (escholarship.org)
• An estimated 50,000 to 90,000 new cases of VL occur worldwide annually, with only 25-45% reported to World Health Organization. (biomedcentral.com)

Lepromatous leprosy1

• Plaques, ulcers, and nodules may form over the entire body, resembling lepromatous leprosy (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Central and Sou4

• Leishmaniasis occurs in several temperate and tropical countries of Central and South America (New World), the Middle East, East Africa, and East Asia (Old World). (medicinenet.com)
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis is most common in Central and South America, the Middle East, and North and East Africa. (medicinenet.com)
• New World' (Western hemisphere) leishmaniasis occurs in tropical parts of Mexico and Central and South America. (medicinenet.com)
• Although diffuse disease is more common with New World species in Central and South America, Old World L aethiopica may progress to diffuse disease in East Africa. (medscape.com)

Leishmania10

• Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. (wikipedia.org)
• citation needed] Leishmaniasis is transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies which can transmit the protozoa Leishmania. (wikipedia.org)
• Although most of the literature mentions only one genus transmitting Leishmania to humans (Lutzomyia) in the New World, a 2003 study by Galati suggested a new classification for New World sand flies, elevating several subgenera to the genus level. (wikipedia.org)
• Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite (genus Leishmania ) transmitted by the bite of a female phlebotomine sandfly. (medscape.com)
• Phlebotomine flies that transmit Leishmania live in the warm tropical and subtropical areas of the world. (medicinenet.com)
• The Old World species include Leishmania major , L. tropica , L. donovani , and others. (medicinenet.com)
• After recovery or successful treatment, cutaneous leishmaniasis induces immunity to reinfection by the species of Leishmania that caused the disease. (medscape.com)
• Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease caused by an obligate intracellular protozoa of genus Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of a female phlebotomine sand fly ( Figure 1 ). (intechopen.com)
• The diagnosis of lymphatic leishmaniasis was confirmed by the presence of Leishmania donovani bodies in fine needle aspiration cytology, and positive anti-rK39 antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
• Leishmaniasis consists of a group of diverse diseases that affect viscera, skin, and/or mucous membranes, with a wide spectrum of clinical activity caused by vector-borne, obligate, intracellular hemoflagellates of the genus Leishmania . (biomedcentral.com)

Ulcers5

• The cutaneous form presents with skin ulcers, while the mucocutaneous form presents with ulcers of the skin, mouth, and nose. (wikipedia.org)
• The visceral form starts with skin ulcers and later presents with fever, low red blood cell count, and enlarged spleen and liver. (wikipedia.org)
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis causes both skin and mucosal ulcers with damage primarily of the nose and mouth. (wikipedia.org)
• There are three main forms of leishmaniases: visceral (the most serious form because it is almost always fatal without treatment), cutaneous (the most common, usually causing skin ulcers), and mucocutaneous (affecting mouth, nose, and throat). (biomedcentral.com)
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most common form and causes skin lesions, mainly ulcers, on exposed parts of the body. (biomedcentral.com)

Endemic areas4

• This chapter reviews the global perspective of Leishmaniasis with increasing recognition of emerging "Atypical forms" and new surge of disease across the world mainly due to increasing conflicts in endemic areas leading to forced migration among other causes. (intechopen.com)
• In the clinical evaluation of a patient with isolated lymphadenopathies, leishmaniasis must be considered as a differential diagnosis in immunocompetent subjects in endemic areas for early diagnostic workup and management. (biomedcentral.com)
• Our data can be useful for designing health policies aimed at timely and integrated management of leprosy and ATL in co-endemic areas. (bvsalud.org)
• The test that aids in differential diagnosis of leprosy and PKDL would be useful in endemic areas. (bvsalud.org)

Diffuse3

• Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis produces widespread skin lesions which resemble leprosy, and may not heal on its own. (wikipedia.org)
• Cutaneous leishmaniasis can be simple or diffuse (disseminated). (medscape.com)
• Diffuse (disseminated) cutaneous leishmaniasis. (medscape.com)

Recidivans1

• Leishmaniasis recidivans may occur years after a localized cutaneous lesion has healed, commonly presenting on the face (see the following image). (medscape.com)

Manifestations3

• These differing tissue specificities cause the differing clinical manifestations of the various forms of leishmaniasis. (wikipedia.org)
• The broad spectrum of clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis often is compared with that of leprosy. (medscape.com)
• The clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis appears to depend on a complex set of factors, including tropism and virulence of the parasite strain, and the susceptibility of the host, which may be genetically determined [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Parasites3

• With the exception of Australia, the Pacific Islands, and Antarctica, the parasites have been identified throughout large portions of the world. (medscape.com)
• Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites, which are transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies. (biomedcentral.com)
• Only a small fraction of those infected by parasites causing leishmaniasis will eventually develop the disease. (biomedcentral.com)

Occur2

• Lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis may occur anywhere on the body but the most likely sites are the exposed parts. (escholarship.org)
• Over 90% of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis cases occur in Bolivia (the Plurinational State of Bolivia), Brazil, Ethiopia, and Peru [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Black fever1

• Visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar ('black fever') is the most serious form, and is generally fatal if untreated. (wikipedia.org)

Africa2

• The most visceral disease occurs in East Africa, Brazil, and India. (medicinenet.com)
• Old World' (Eastern hemisphere) leishmaniasis occurs in tropical parts of Asia, the Middle East, East and North Africa, and southern Europe. (medicinenet.com)

Pentavalent antimonials1

• Some possible medications used for visceral disease include liposomal amphotericin B, a combination of pentavalent antimonials and paromomycin, and miltefosine. (wikipedia.org)

Lesion1

• Active cutaneous leishmaniasis lesion with likely secondary infection in a soldier. (medscape.com)

Vector-borne2

• Leishmaniasis is a 'vector-borne' infection, meaning that an insect from another host or 'reservoir' (disease carrier) transmits it. (medicinenet.com)
• Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne tropical/subtropical disease caused by an intracellular parasite transmitted to humans by sand fly bite. (intechopen.com)

Diagnosis1

• Fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in lymph node, and he was put on sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg body weight/day) and paromomycin (15 mg/kg body weight/day) injections, which are given intramuscularly for 17 days. (biomedcentral.com)

Neglected tropical3

• Leishmaniasis is on the World Health Organization's list of 'neglected tropical diseases. (medicinenet.com)
• WHO considers Leishmaniasis as one of the "Neglected Tropical Diseases" that continues to be prevalent despite international, national, and local efforts towards its control and elimination over the last decade. (intechopen.com)
• BACKGROUND: Leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affecting the skin. (bvsalud.org)

Symptoms1

• The symptoms of leishmaniasis are skin sores which erupt weeks to months after the person is bitten by infected sand flies. (wikipedia.org)

Fatal2

• Systemic leishmaniasis is rarer in Pakistan and invariably fatal if not treated promptly. (escholarship.org)
• Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is fatal if left untreated in over 95% of cases. (biomedcentral.com)

Mucous membranes2

• Less commonly, people who have had cutaneous leishmaniasis may get new sores in the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and larynx even years after the cutaneous leishmaniasis has resolved. (medicinenet.com)
• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis leads to partial or total destruction of mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, and throat. (biomedcentral.com)

Scar1

• Leishmaniasis may be divided into the following types: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form, which causes an open sore at the bite sites, which heals in a few months to a year and half, leaving an unpleasant-looking scar. (wikipedia.org)

Nose1

• Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis consists of the relentless destruction of the oropharynx and nose, resulting in extensive midfacial destruction. (medscape.com)

Fever1

• Another type is visceral leishmaniasis (also called kala-azar or dum-dum fever ). (medicinenet.com)

Peru1

• This is mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and only occurs in limited areas of Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. (medicinenet.com)

Sandfly3

• Leishmaniasis is transmitted by an infected female sandfly. (escholarship.org)
• Leishmaniasis is caused by a parasite transmitted between infected individuals by the sandfly. (escholarship.org)
• The geographic distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis is mainly determined by the sandfly vectors ( Phlebotomus sp. (escholarship.org)

Consists1

• Treatment consists of medications that are specific to the type of leishmaniasis, the species of the parasite, and the country in which the patient acquired the disease. (medicinenet.com)

Cases1

• All new cases of leprosy and ATL reported in the area from 2008 to 2017 were included. (bvsalud.org)

Species1

• Both New World and Old World species cause localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. (medscape.com)

Skin1

• The hallmark of cutaneous leishmaniasis is skin lesions, which can spontaneously heal in 2-10 months. (medscape.com)

Diagnostic1

• Due to its rarity and its tendency to pose a clinical diagnostic challenge, we decided to report a case of lymphatic leishmaniasis. (biomedcentral.com)

Sand flies1

• A parasite that spreads to humans through the bite of infected Phlebotomus sand flies causes leishmaniasis. (medicinenet.com)

Disease8

• The disease can present in three main ways: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral. (wikipedia.org)
• Additionally, visceral disease can be diagnosed by blood tests. (wikipedia.org)
• The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis ranges from a self-resolving cutaneous ulcer to a mutilating mucocutaneous disease and even to a lethal systemic illness. (medscape.com)
• New World disease usually presents with a solitary nodule, whereas Old World disease is associated with multiple lesions. (medscape.com)
• New World disease may progress to mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (medscape.com)
• All these challenges related to environment, disease, and vector pose major implications on WHO's leishmaniasis control and elimination plan. (intechopen.com)
• The disease has a very long history and lesions like leishmaniasis have been described dating back to the ninth century (Balkan sore). (escholarship.org)
• The disease is transmitted from human to human, but rural or zoonotic leishmaniasis comes from the interaction of man with animals. (escholarship.org)

Phlebotomus1

• Health researchers expect human leishmaniasis to follow the spread of Phlebotomus flies into regions of increasing warmth and humidity. (medicinenet.com)

India1

• Cutaneous leishmaniasis has been given various names in different civilizations such as "Delhi boil" in India, "Baghdad boil" in Iraq, and "saldana" in Afghanistan. (escholarship.org)

Brazil2

• This cross-sectional population-based study compared clinical features of leprosy and American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in patients diagnosed with both diseases (n=414) and in those diagnosed with only leprosy (n=27,790) or only ATL (n=24,357) in Mato Grosso State, which is a hyperendemic area for both diseases in Midwest Brazil. (bvsalud.org)
• This study aimed to identify and characterize patients diagnosed with both leprosy and CL (i.e., outcome) in the hyperendemic state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. (bvsalud.org)

Involvement1

• We report a case of exclusive lymph node involvement in leishmaniasis, presenting as localized lymphadenopathies. (biomedcentral.com)

Form1

• Pakistan has a burden of cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, the mucocutaneous form being almost nonexistent. (escholarship.org)

Common1

• The most common type of leishmaniasis is cutaneous leishmaniasis. (medicinenet.com)

Infection1

• HIV -visceral leishmaniasis ( HIV -VL) co-infection has emerged in southern Europe and elsewhere. (medicinenet.com)

Areas1

• In other regions, such as the United States and Europe, travelers from affected areas may have leishmaniasis. (medicinenet.com)

Features1

• In conclusion, patients diagnosed with both leprosy and ATL present more severe clinical features of such diseases. (bvsalud.org)

Major2

• Leishmaniasis is a major health problem worldwide. (escholarship.org)
• Three major clinical syndromes are recognized: visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. (biomedcentral.com)