Motor eye movements. Medical search. Frequent questions

A core aspect in these studies is the division of eye movements into saccades, the rapid movement of the eyes, and fixations, the focus of the eyes on a point. (wikipedia.org)
This is characterized by a series of slow eye-tracking movements, interrupted at regular intervals by rapid resetting movements (saccades) in the opposite direction. (genengnews.com)
This method can help answer key questions related to eye movement control during reading such as the role of inhibition of return in regressive saccades. (jove.com)
The rapid eye movements we make when we shift our attention from one object to another, known as saccades, are essential to navigating, understanding, and interacting with the world around us. (rochester.edu)
Aberrant abilities to stabilize the eyes associated with pathological saccades, pursuits and vestibular eye movements may be evaluated at the bedside. (carrickinstitute.com)

abstract = 'Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a parasomnia characterized by a history of recurrent nocturnal dream enactment behavior and loss of skeletal muscle atonia and increased phasic muscle activity during REM sleep: REM sleep without atonia. (ku.dk)
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) deficiency is a disorder that primarily affects movement, with symptoms that may range from mild to severe. (medlineplus.gov)
Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally considered a paradigmatic movement disorder, it has long been recognized that the neuropathology underlying PD involves many brain areas that are not directly involved in motor control (Braak et al. (springer.com)
A common feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the impairment of motor control and learning, occurring in a majority of children with autism, consistent with perturbation in cerebellar function. (nature.com)
Tourette's disorder is a tic disorder that involves motor and vocal tics-sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic movements or vocalizations. (psychologytoday.com)
Researchers believe that this miswiring in the brainstem is the underlying cause of the eye movement abnormalities associated with the disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Parasomnias can be classified into rapid-eye movement (REM) related (eg, nightmare disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralysis, REM sleep behavior disorder, sleep-related hallucinations) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) related (eg, confusional arousals, sleep-related eating disorder, sleep terrors, sleep walking). (medscape.com)
Sleepwalking is a disorder of arousal from non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. (bvsalud.org)

Both the mean and variation of the visually driven pursuit response can be accounted for by the combination of the mean tuning curves and the correlated noise within the sensory representation of visual motion in extrastriate visual area MT. Sensory-motor and motor circuits have both housekeeping and modulatory functions, implemented in the cerebellum and the smooth eye movement region of the frontal eye fields. (nih.gov)
We find that in patDp/+ mice delay eyeblink conditioning-a form of cerebellum-dependent motor learning-is impaired, and observe deregulation of a putative cellular mechanism for motor learning, long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses. (nature.com)
That study provides the best animal evidence to date that the cerebellum might not only be involved in motor, but also non-motor aspects of autism, and that such a role may exist in rodents as well. (nature.com)
The potential relevance of eye movement in individuals with Autism is the area of the brain that controls these actions, a densely-packed structure of neurons known as the cerebellum. (rochester.edu)
Traditionally considered to play a role in motor control, the cerebellum is now known to be essential to emotion and cognition via its connections to the rest of the brain. (rochester.edu)
However, the eye movements of individuals with ASD continued to miss the target suggesting that the sensory motor controls in the cerebellum responsible for eye movement were impaired. (rochester.edu)
The inability of the brain to adjust the size of eye movement may not only be a marker for cerebellum dysfunction, but it may also help explain the communication and social interaction deficits that many individuals with ASD experience. (rochester.edu)
The researchers suggest sensory motor control in the cerebellum that is usually responsible for eye control could be impaired in those with ASD. (neurosciencenews.com)
The interactions between the cerebellum and the cerebral cortex are responsible for complex human motion including eye movements. (carrickinstitute.com)
Clinical syndromes affecting the cerebellum are central to the understanding of eye movements and brain function. (carrickinstitute.com)

Ataxia may cause involuntary eye movements (nystagmus), incoordination of hands, difficulty with fine motor tasks (such as eating or writing), slurring of speech, and an unsteady walk. (bcm.edu)

Examination of her eye movements demonstrated vertical gaze palsy, but other cranial nerves were intact. (cdc.gov)
[ 3 ] Versions are movements of both eyes in the same direction (eg, right gaze in which both eyes move to the right). (medscape.com)
Yoke muscles are the primary muscles in each eye that accomplish a given version (eg, for right gaze, the right lateral rectus and left medial rectus muscles). (medscape.com)
Each extraocular muscle has a yoke muscle in the opposite eye to accomplish versions into each gaze position. (medscape.com)
This score is given when gaze is the eyes that can be overcome by voluntary or reflexive activity, the abnormal in one or both eyes, but where forced ______ score will be 1. (medscape.com)
Establishing eye contact and then moving about the patient from side to side will occasionally clarify the presence of a partial gaze palsy. (medscape.com)

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is the usual term for this state. (scholarpedia.org)

They found that treatment elicited distinctive and characteristic eye-movement responses that could be analyzed quantitatively to confirm drug dose, duration of action, receptor specificity, blood-brain barrier penetration, and agonist-antagonist interactions. (genengnews.com)
These features make pursuit an excellent exemplar for understanding the general properties of sensory-motor processing in the brain. (nih.gov)
Dopamine transmits signals to help the brain control physical movement and emotional behavior. (medlineplus.gov)
The test, which consists of measuring rapid eye movements, may indicate deficits in an area of the brain that plays an important role in emotional and social development. (rochester.edu)
These findings build upon a growing field of research that show that eye movement could serve as a window into a part of the brain that plays a role in a number of neurological and development disorders, such as Autism," said John Foxe, Ph.D., director of the University of Rochester Medical Center Del Monte Neuroscience Institute and co-author of the study. (rochester.edu)
Eye movements and the mechanisms by which the brain controls and processes what we choose to look at have been a major focus of neuroscience researchers for decades. (rochester.edu)
In healthy individuals, the brain would correctly adjust eye movements as the task is repeated. (rochester.edu)
A new study offers evidence between rapid eye movement during sleep, accelerated brain activity and dream images. (neurosciencenews.com)
Stuttering is complex: Researchers propose that the onset and development of dysfluencies are driven by a set of interactions between linguistic, motor, emotional, and neural factors, such as abnormalities in particular regions of the brain. (psychologytoday.com)
With more prolonged spells, the eyes may roll up, the entire body may become rigid and jerk, as the lack of oxygen to the brain actually triggers a seizure. (epilepsy.com)
Using a combination of psychophysics, image analysis, computational modeling, eye -/ hand tracking, and fMRI we investigate questions such as: What information does the brain use to estimate and categorize material qualities? (uni-giessen.de)
Music promotes learning and brain development and can boost social and motor skills. (chapelwood.org)
Slow sleep is interrupted by periods of rapid eye movement (REM, i.e., active or paradoxical) sleep, when, despite all the overt signs of continuing sleep, the activity of the brain is remarkably different. (scholarpedia.org)
This 25-hour clinical program is a comprehensive overview of the brain and eye movements highlighting hands-on examination and treatment protocols. (carrickinstitute.com)
A mastery of clinical examination procedures to quantify brain function and eye movements is necessary in the treatment of traumatic brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases. (carrickinstitute.com)
The program includes an in-depth understanding of eye movements and brain control as well as eye movements and brain influences. (carrickinstitute.com)
These movements in the severely affected infant may represent brain stem release phenomena. (medscape.com)

This copy-number variation is one of the most frequent and most penetrant genetic abnormalities in autism 20 and is associated with motor problems 21 , 22 . (nature.com)
Patients may also have difficulties with vision due to eye movement abnormalities. (bcm.edu)

Smooth-pursuit eye movements transform 100 ms of visual motion into a rapid initiation of smooth eye movement followed by sustained accurate tracking. (nih.gov)

The second set of studies probes decision making in patients with motor deficits due to Parkinson's disease and shows differential impairments in visual, motor and cognitive function in these patients. (rutgers.edu)
Patients with locked-in syndrome have intact cognitive function and are awake, with eye opening and normal sleep-wake cycles. (msdmanuals.com)

These findings point to deficits in synaptic plasticity and pruning as potential causes for motor problems and abnormal circuit development in autism. (nature.com)
To examine which cerebellar synaptic alterations might contribute to motor deficits in autism, we studied cerebellar synaptic function and plasticity as well as motor coordination and learning in a mouse model for the human 15q11-13 duplication. (nature.com)

These catecholamines are necessary for normal nervous system function, and changes in their levels contribute to the abnormal movements, autonomic dysfunction, and other neurological problems seen in people with TH deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
3 = Responds only with reflex motor or autonomic effects or total y unresponsive, flaccid, areflexic. (medscape.com)

The movement difficulties may slowly increase with age but almost always get better with medical treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
Participants required for new study looking at training the eye-movements of children with movement coordination difficulties. (dyspraxiafoundation.org.uk)

Eye responses are rapid, don't require training, and show little or no adaptation. (genengnews.com)
Intraperitoneal and oral gavage administration of nicotinic acid elicited robust increases in non-rapid-eye movement sleep (NREMS) and decreases in body temperature, energy expenditure and food intake. (nature.com)
2001)⁠. Whisking is coordinated with head and body movements, which enables rapid sampling of the proximal environment during spatial exploration. (scholarpedia.org)
In fact, the EEG in humans during REM sleep is essentially identical to that recorded during wakefulness, but the EOG reveals rapid bursts of eye movements, hence the name of the state. (scholarpedia.org)

Most perceptual motor games follow a rather precise sequence. (chapelwood.org)
Perceptual motor game time is the time when children learn some specific skills in prescribed ways. (chapelwood.org)
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 29 ,991-998. (bvsalud.org)

Structures that are critical for eye-movement control are located in the medulla and promote integration from the vestibular system and from the complex inferior olivary nuclear system. (carrickinstitute.com)

Even an initial glimpse of a scene has been found to generate an abstract representation of the image that can be stored in memory for use in subsequent eye movements (Castelhano & Henderson, 2007). (wikipedia.org)

Separate studies in a mouse model of Huntington disease found that changes in spontaneous eye movements occurred at an age when animals with the disease were still too young to display any health-related symptoms or changes in rotarod performance. (genengnews.com)
Although open-label observations report a positive effect of cannabinoids on non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, these effects remain to be investigated in a controlled trial for a broader use in NMS in PD patients. (springer.com)
Symptoms may also be accompanied by motor movements, such as eye blinks, tics, and shaking of the lips or face. (psychologytoday.com)
Most people's motor symptoms will resolve after 72 hours , but they may persist for weeks in some cases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Firstly, to receive a diagnosis of hemiplegic migraine, a person must be experiencing temporary symptoms relating to motor weakness, vision, senses, or speech. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The eye movement effects include a slowing or complete suppression of the OKR, a shift in eye-movement direction, induction of spontaneous OKR-like movements in the absence of visual stimuli, clustering of the polarity or timing of OKR-like movements, and changes in the slope of the slow phase of the OKR-like movements. (genengnews.com)
First select a set of at least 30 target words which are the stimuli for which word skipping and regressive eye movements will be measured. (jove.com)
Because patients lack the motor responses (eg, withdrawal from painful stimuli) usually used to measure responsiveness, they may be mistakenly thought to be unconscious. (msdmanuals.com)

The ROBO3 protein plays a critical role in ensuring that motor and sensory nerve pathways cross over in the brainstem. (medlineplus.gov)
Oculomotility disorders arising from disruptions in brainstem motor neuron development. (medlineplus.gov)

Cassidy will control the eye tracker as the researcher, Mackenzie will be the participant, and Brittany will complete the closed task. (jove.com)
Intuitive interaction methods make it simple to control the app using eye movements. (apple.com)
Following contact, motor control of the vibrissae is modulated on several time scales as the animal approaches an object with head, nose and micro-vibrissae. (scholarpedia.org)
The integration of motor control. (stanford.edu)
Line tracing is one of those activities that develop your child's control of the small muscles in his/ her hands (fine motor skills). (pinterest.com)

The facial nerve has both sensory and motor function. (healthline.com)
Vibrissae movements are produced by contractions of facial musculature, head movements and locomotion. (scholarpedia.org)
Examination demonstrated tetraplegia, facial diplegia with spared extraocular movements, and areflexia. (neurology.org)
Locked-in syndrome is a state of wakefulness and awareness with quadriplegia and paralysis of the lower cranial nerves, resulting in inability to show facial expression, move, speak, or communicate, except by coded eye movements. (msdmanuals.com)

Although we have the impression that we can process the entire visual field in a single fixation, in reality we would be unable to fully process the information outside of foveal vision if we were unable to move our eyes (Rayner, 1978, 1998). (scholarpedia.org)

There are particular factors which affect where eye movements fixate upon, these include bottom-up factors inherent to the stimulus, and top-down factors inherent to the viewer. (wikipedia.org)
While stimulus-response tests and stereotyped motor tasks can be carried out relatively quickly, complex innate behaviors and learned responses require more extensive monitoring or preliminary training trials. (genengnews.com)
Eye movements in mice also represent a readily monitored behavior, which in nonfoveate mammals such as mice include an involuntary response to a moving stimulus known as the optokinetic reflex. (genengnews.com)
To assess the extent to which a variety of CNS-active drugs might affect eye movements in mice, Dr. Nathan's team examined spontaneous and visual stimulus-induced eye movements after intraperiotneal injection of 48 drugs including antipsychotics, sedatives, antiseizure drugs, drugs of abuse such as cocaine, a CNS stimulate, and PTZ. (genengnews.com)

For people with motor impairments, this makes browsing the web much easier. (apple.com)

Although eye movements have been examined for some time, it has only been in the last few decades that their measurement has led to important discoveries about psychological processes that occur during such tasks as reading, visual search , and scene perception. (scholarpedia.org)
however, in tasks like reading, visual search, and scene perception, covert attention and overt attention (the exact eye location) are tightly linked. (scholarpedia.org)
A summary of the average amount of time spent on each fixation and the average distance the eyes move in reading, visual search, and scene perception are shown in Table 1. (scholarpedia.org)
Eye movement characteristics in reading, scene perception, and visual search. (scholarpedia.org)
At one time, researchers believed that the eyes and the mind were not tightly linked during information processing tasks like reading, visual search, and scene perception. (scholarpedia.org)
Eye movements are used in many contexts and by many research disciplines, ranging from developmental and cognitive psychology to computer science and art history, to measure visual perception, object categorization, recognition, and other mental processes. (rutgers.edu)
Motor class is challenging children with entertaining activities that are developmental movement games of perception. (chapelwood.org)
Another problem is that seeing language ability as a cohesive 'mental' faculty tends to obscure how language depends on a very wide range of motor skills, perception and attention, spatial representation, sense of rhythm, etc. (lu.se)

These include motor nerve pathways, which transmit information about voluntary muscle movement, and sensory nerve pathways, which transmit information about sensory input (such as touch, pain, and temperature). (medlineplus.gov)

Because of acuity limitations in the retina, eye movements are necessary for processing the details of the array. (scholarpedia.org)
While we are reading or searching a visual array for a target or simply looking at a new scene, our eyes move every 200-350 ms. These eye movements serve to move the fovea (the high resolution part of the retina encompassing 2 degrees at the center of the visual field) to an area of interest in order to process it in greater detail. (scholarpedia.org)

The magnitude of innervation is determined by the fixating eye, which means that the angle of deviation between eyes ( strabismus ) may vary depending on which eye is fixating. (medscape.com)

The loss of functional use of the hands is followed by compulsive hand movements such as hand wringing. (nih.gov)
The study contradicts the common belief that motor movements like eye or hand movements aren't affected by decision-making activities. (neurosciencenews.com)

They questioned the influence of cognitive factors on fixations given that eye movement latency was so long and the fixation times were so variable. (scholarpedia.org)

[ 4 , 5 , 6 ] Fusional convergence and divergence are optomotor reflexes that are designed to position the eyes such that the image of regard falls on the fovea of each eye. (medscape.com)

obtunded and requires strong or painful stimulation to ______ make movements (not stereotyped). (medscape.com)

This conclusion was based on the relatively long latencies of eye movements (or reaction time of the eyes) and the large variability in the fixation time measures. (scholarpedia.org)

In rodents, the EEG is typically dominated by frequencies in the theta band during REM sleep and phasic activity appears as twitching of the vibrissae as well as eye movements. (scholarpedia.org)
Up-and-down (vertical) eye movements are typically normal. (medlineplus.gov)
If the paretic eye fixates, the ensuing secondary deviation is typically larger than the primary deviation. (medscape.com)

Reporting in The Journal of Clinical Investigation , Jeremy Nathans, Ph.D., Hugh Cahill, Ph.D., and Amir Rattner, Ph.D., state that changes in eye movements correctly indicated the therapeutic effect of antipsychotic drug treatment in a pharmacologic model of schizophrenia. (genengnews.com)
The patient is asked to open and close the 0 = Performs both tasks correctly eyes and then to grip and release the non-paretic hand. (medscape.com)

Visual fields and extraocular movements were full. (neurology.org)
The field of action of an extraocular muscle is the direction of rotation of the eye when that muscle contracts. (medscape.com)

The cranial nerves can have sensory functions, motor functions, or both. (healthline.com)
The motor portions of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves divide into smaller nerves that divide into even smaller nerves. (healthline.com)

Researchers are working to determine why the effects of ROBO3 mutations appear to be limited to horizontal eye movement and scoliosis. (medlineplus.gov)
Only horizontal eye movements will be tested. (medscape.com)

The primary efficacy criterion will be the change in Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale Part I score between baseline (i.e. randomization) and week 4. (springer.com)
Ataxia-telangiectasia: A review of movement disorders, clinical features, and genotype correlations. (medscape.com)
This clinical applications series is an advanced clinical experience that expands the clinicians ability to utilize eye movements to understand, diagnose and treat disorders of the nervous system. (carrickinstitute.com)
According to the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) , sleep parasomnias involve episodes of unusual vocal and motor behaviors and sensory or emotional perceptions during sleep. (medscape.com)

Eye movement in scene viewing refers to the visual processing of information presented in scenes. (wikipedia.org)
The study of eye movement in scene viewing helps to understand visual processing in more natural environments. (wikipedia.org)
Eye movements can be guided anticipatorily by linguistic input, where if an item in the scene is presented verbally, the listener will be more likely to move their visual focus to that object (Staub, Abott & Bogartz, 2012). (wikipedia.org)
Eye movements are a behavior that can be measured and their measurement provides a sensitive means of learning about cognitive and visual processing. (scholarpedia.org)
Children with ataxia-telangiectasia should have psychologic counseling as they age because of the great disparity between chronological age and mental age in tests involving visual motor coordination. (medscape.com)
Seeing and perceiving the visual world is an active and often multimodal process that involves orienting eyes, head and body towards an object of interest. (rutgers.edu)
It is also a highly dynamic process during which the eyes continuously scan the visual environment to sample information. (rutgers.edu)
This includes state-of-the-art equipment for measuring eye movements (EyeLink 1000, Tobii Eye Tracker 4c) and other motor movements (Optotrak-3020 System, Zebris Tracking System, Qualisys Motion Capture System), for manipulating visual-proprioceptive information (PHANToM-force feedback device) and for creating virtual environments (HTC Vive). (uni-giessen.de)
If there is unilateral ______ blindness or enucleation, visual fields in the remaining eye are scored. (medscape.com)

Strabismus (abnormal alignment of eyes, figure 3) is non-specific, but commonly found in FAS [15] . (aao.org)
strabismus often increases in the field of action of a weak eye muscle. (medscape.com)

This phenomenon has been studied in a range of areas such as cognitive psychology and psychophysics, where eye movement can be monitored under experimental conditions. (wikipedia.org)

ALS is a motor neuron disease also known as Lou Gehrig's disease. (alz.org)

Babies with infantile parkinsonism have delayed development of motor skills such as sitting unsupported or reaching for a toy. (medlineplus.gov)

However, a recent study revealed that maintaining a seated posture while performing a cognitive task caused the largest decrements in the cognitive task - compared to relaxed lying and slight movement (Langhanns & Müller, 2018). (sfu.ca)

Here we report alterations in motor behaviour and cerebellar synaptic plasticity in a mouse model (patDp/+) for the human 15q11-13 duplication, one of the most frequently observed genetic aberrations in autism. (nature.com)
Researchers measured eye movement in those on the autism spectrum and found they continually missed a specific target. (neurosciencenews.com)

Motor coordination between eyes and hands/fingers to rapidly and accurately make precise movements with speed. (snagajob.com)
Tracing will teach your child to make the precise movements that are necessary for forming letters. (pinterest.com)

This book, I hope, will give the reader an understanding of why early reflexes are important, their functions in early development, their effects on learning and behavior if retained, and the possible effects on other aspects of development such as posture, balance, and motor skills if they are not integrated at the correct time in development. (schweitzer-online.de)

Assessing changes in the eye movements of mice treated with CNS-active drugs could complement the existing range of in vivo tests to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy, pharmacokinetics, drug receptor interactions, and toxicity of a wide range of candidate drug compounds, researchers claim. (genengnews.com)
A team at Johns Hopkins University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute compared eye-movement analysis with the commonly used rotarod test of motor coordination in mice treated with a number of different classes of CNS-active drugs. (genengnews.com)
Their paper is titled "Preclinical assessment of CNS drug action using eye movements in mice. (genengnews.com)

At sleep onset in humans, the low voltage, high frequency EEG pattern of wakefulness, often with alpha waves when the eyes are closed, gradually changes to Stage 1 sleep as the EEG frequencies slow. (scholarpedia.org)

Interestingly, the researchers suggest, spontaneous eye movements in the Huntington disease model may represent the murine correlate of the saccade errors observed in human Huntington disease patients, and "presumably be used to follow disease progression or responses to treatment in presymptomatic Huntington disease animal models. (genengnews.com)
During the actual eye movement (or saccade ), vision is suppressed and new information is acquired only during the fixation (the period of time when the eyes remain relatively still). (scholarpedia.org)
Because eye movements are essentially motor movements, it takes time to plan and execute a saccade. (scholarpedia.org)

Non-rhythmic vibrissae movements also serve many behavioral processes, such as social interactions (Wolfe et al. (scholarpedia.org)

The oculomotor nerve has motor function. (healthline.com)

The first series of studies investigates go/no-go decision making in healthy human adults and baseball athletes and reveals that eye movements are sensitive indicators of decision accuracy and timing. (rutgers.edu)

The medial rectus muscle is the primary adductor of the eye, and the lateral rectus muscle is the primary abductor of the eye. (medscape.com)

2008). Eye movement behaviour in scene viewing differs between different levels of cognitive development. (wikipedia.org)

These D values, Taylor said, will be important in optimizing his team's tiny electrodes for implanting at the back of eyes to stimulate retinal neurons. (sciencedaily.com)

My research group uses human eye movements as sensitive indicators of performance in real-world interceptive tasks. (rutgers.edu)

On September 4, he was transferred to a rehabilitation facility where he experienced some additional improvement, but continued to have expressive aphasia and choreoathetoid movements of the face, trunk, and extremities. (cdc.gov)

There is considerable evidence that the nature of the task influences eye movements. (scholarpedia.org)

of Otolaryngology, Neuroscience, Neuropathology, the Wilmer Eye Institute, and the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins, in addition to labs outside the university to increase the impact and clinical relevance of our research. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The advanced clinical module expands and details information that was learned in the Carrick Institute Clinical Applications of Eye Movements module. (carrickinstitute.com)

Right leg demonstrated grade 2/5 strength in hip flexion and 3/5 in knee flexion and extension, but otherwise 5/5 in ankle movements with normal sensation. (neurology.org)

Electrodiagnostic studies including nerve conduction studies and EMG were consistent with acute motor axonal neuropathy. (neurology.org)

Anatomy55

Organisms11

Diseases37

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Psychiatry and Psychology65

Phenomena and Processes66

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science11

Health Care4

Saccades5

Disorder8

Cerebellum10

Involuntary eye movements1

Gaze6

NREM1

Brain17

Abnormalities2

Smooth-pursuit eye movements1

Cognitive function2

Deficits2

Autonomic2

Difficulties2

Rapid4

Perceptual3

Vestibular1

Castelhano1

Symptoms5

Stimuli3

Brainstem2

Control5

Facial4

19981

Stimulus4

Impairments1

Perception8

Sensory nerve1

Retina2

Innervation1

Hand movements2

Fixations1

Fovea1

Stimulation1

Reaction time1

Typically3

Correctly2

Extraocular2

Cranial nerves2

Horizontal eye2

Disorders4

Visual9

Strabismus2

Psychophysics1

Neuron1

Parkinsonism1

20181

Autism2

Precise2

Posture1

Mice3

Humans1

Saccade3

Vibrissae1

Oculomotor1

Reveals1

Lateral1

Behaviour1

Stimulate1

Tasks1

Extremities1

Influences1

Clinical2

Sensation1

Nerve1