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Twins, MonozygoticDiseases in TwinsTwinsTwins, DizygoticTwinning, MonozygoticTwin Studies as TopicTwins, ConjoinedDermatoglyphicsTripletsQuadrupletsPregnancy, MultipleEnvironmentPregnancyMosaicismPhenotypeQuintupletsAbnormalities, MultiplePregnancy, TwinHeredityTurner SyndromeInfant, NewbornCombat DisordersGenetic Predisposition to DiseasePedigreeFetofetal TransfusionBlood Group AntigensVietnam ConflictDNA MethylationMononeuropathiesBirth WeightEpigenesis, GeneticFatigue Syndrome, ChronicEmbryo TransferByzantiumEncyclopedias as Topic
IdenticalPair of conjoined twinsChang and EnAmnioticEmbryosSiameseTripletsPlacentaFetusOccurPregnanciesMonoamnioticComplicationHumansFetusesFetalDiamnioticFraternal twinsZygotePregnancyDizygoticStillbornRefersSacsIncidenceBirthsDeliveriesGestationTripletApproximatelyBabiesPretermSeparationOvumBodies are joinedMalformationsPossibilityUterusFindingsOmphalopagusTypesUmbilicalAbnormalitiesMonstersCraniopagusStreakCasesTheoriesUncommonAnomalyCommonShareSeparate
Identical36
  • a single fertilized egg does not fully split during the process of forming identical twins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Siamese twins remain joined by some aberration in the duplication process that normally produces 2 identical twins. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies are joined in utero. (douuble.com)
  • There has been no real doubt that human homologous or identical twins come from the division of a single egg. (edu.au)
  • She couldn't tell the difference between the identical twins. (youdao.com)
  • N-COUNT Identical twins are twins of the same sex who look exactly the same. (youdao.com)
  • M any scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment. (youdao.com)
  • One of her most famous photographs is called " Identical Twins . (youdao.com)
  • But what if you are able to find identical twins who were separated at birth, and reared in radically different environments. (youdao.com)
  • You look at identical twins , monozygotic twins who share the same genetic profile. (youdao.com)
  • It even distinguished between identical twins--their genes are the same, but their irises aren't. (youdao.com)
  • The developing embryo starts to split into identical twins within the first two weeks after conception. (youdao.com)
  • And it is only a predisposition towards having non-identical twins that is passed down through families. (youdao.com)
  • This type of pregnancy results in identical twins (or more). (themasterpiecemom.com)
  • Fraternal twins are more common than identical twins. (themasterpiecemom.com)
  • For starters, the three types of monozygotic (identical) twins are diamniotic dichorionic (DiDi), diamniotic monochorionic (DiMo), and monoamniotic monochorionic (MoMo). (chicagoreader.com)
  • The issue with identical twins is the number of chorions and amnions, the two layers of the sac surrounding the fetus. (chicagoreader.com)
  • There are 2 most common types of twins - Identical and Fraternal. (hercottage.com)
  • However, there are some other less common types of twins namely Co-joined, Semi-identical, and more. (hercottage.com)
  • The twins that look alike are called identical twins. (hercottage.com)
  • However, some notable changes that can be traced in the identical twins that vary due to their difference of placement in the womb and on the space, they occupy in there. (hercottage.com)
  • These are sometimes called identical twins as they have virtually the same genetic makeup as each other. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence occurs in monochorionic (identical) gestations, usually twins or or triplets, that have a direct artery-to-artery connection between them. (connecticutchildrens.org)
  • TRAP sequence is diagnosed by ultrasound demonstrating identical twins with one twin lacking a heart and multiple anomalies combined with an artery-to-artery connection between the twins. (connecticutchildrens.org)
  • In some countries, if a non-identical twin occurs, the clinics have to pay back the government. (jeunesse-ski.com)
  • Another theory is that treatments using gonadotropins (medications that stimulate ovulation) lead to the increased risk of identical twins. (jeunesse-ski.com)
  • These findings came from a "Twins" trial, in which different treatments were given to identical twins. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To test this in humans, researchers from Switzerland and Germany conducted a pilot trial with 20 identical (monozygotic) twin pairs who had an increased blood pressure. (sciencedaily.com)
  • When Do Identical Twins Split? (twinstuff.com)
  • We know for a fact that identical twins develop from an egg that has been fertilized by one sperm. (twinstuff.com)
  • If you think about it, knowing exactly when do identical twins split or why this happens is something worth knowing. (twinstuff.com)
  • Can identical twins split after IVF? (twinstuff.com)
  • It has been observed that with fertility treatment , identical twins are becoming more common. (twinstuff.com)
  • What is the differences between identical twins and fraternal twins? (answers.com)
  • Identical twins arise from a single fertilized egg that for some reason split itself in two. (answers.com)
  • Identical twins have exactly the same genetic make-up.Fraternal twins arise from two separate eggs. (answers.com)
Pair of conjoined twins2
  • For example, in England, the separation of a pair of conjoined twins from Malta, born August 8, 2000, raised considerable ethical and legal issues. (medscape.com)
  • The most famous pair of conjoined twins was Chang and Eng Bunker (Thai: อิน-จัน, In-Chan) (1811-1874), Thai brothers born in Siam, now Thailand. (douuble.com)
Chang and En1
  • Chang and Eng Bunker (1811-1874) were brothers born in Siam (now Thailand) who traveled widely for many years and were known internationally as the Siamese Twins. (wikipedia.org)
Amniotic10
  • Conjoined twins share a single common chorion, placenta, and amniotic sac in utero, but so do some monozygotic but non-conjoined twins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conjoined twins share a single common chorion, placenta, and amniotic sac, although these characteristics are not exclusive to conjoined twins as there are some monozygotic but non-conjoined twins that also share these structures in utero. (douuble.com)
  • Siamese or conjoined twins represent a rare but specific malformation occurring in monozygotic and mono-amniotic twin pregnancies. (peertechzpublications.org)
  • Dichorionic-diamniotic-Twins who have their own chorions and amniotic sacs. (themasterpiecemom.com)
  • Monochorionic-diamniotic-Twins who share a chorion but have separate amniotic sacs. (themasterpiecemom.com)
  • Monochorionic-monoamniotic-Twins who share one chorion and one amniotic sac. (themasterpiecemom.com)
  • The risk for DiMo twins-each kid in its own amniotic sac but sharing the chorionic sac-is in between the two extremes. (chicagoreader.com)
  • All dichorionic twins have two separate sacs (medically termed amniotic sacs) in which the babies live. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • Monochorionic monoamniotic twins: If the egg divides between day 8 and 13 after fertilisation, a single placenta and a common amniotic sac occurs. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • Under ultrasound guidance, a 19-gauge needle is placed through the mother's abdomen, through the uterine wall, into the amniotic sac, and into the abdominal wall of the acardiac twin at the umbilical cord insertion. (connecticutchildrens.org)
Embryos5
  • The first of the two new specimens} consisted of a single chorionic sac which contained twin embryos, each 12.3 mm. long (fig. 1). (edu.au)
  • Within the single chorion were twin embryos of 11.5 and 12 mm. (fig. 4). (edu.au)
  • A dichorionic twin placenta means that there are two separate placental discs - they may be widely separated in the uterus or in close proximity depending upon where the two embryos implanted in the uterus. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • If you transfer two (or more) embryos and they both successfully implant and develop, twins (or more! (jeunesse-ski.com)
  • Two-headed animals (called bicephalic or dicephalic) and three-headed (tricephalic) animals are the only type of multi-headed creatures seen in the real world, and form by the same process as conjoined twins from monozygotic twin embryos. (wn.com)
Siamese5
  • Conjoined twins - popularly referred to as Siamese twins - are twins joined in utero. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to the brothers' fame and the rarity of the condition, the term Siamese twins came to be associated with conjoined twins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Like monovular twins, conjoined (Siamese) twins are derived from a single blastocyst. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • They traveled with P.T. Barnum's circus for many years and were billed as the Siamese Twins. (douuble.com)
  • Due to the brothers' fame and the rarity of the condition, the term "Siamese twins" came to be used [for many years] as a synonym for conjoined twins [but is now considered to be a pejorative term]. (douuble.com)
Triplets5
Placenta3
  • Monozygotic twins may have a dichorionic placenta if the single fertilised egg divides in the first 3 days after conception. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • Inextricably dependent upon each other, this form of placentation can be viewed as conjoined twinning of the placenta. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • If the split happens after the ninth day, the fetuses will share one placenta and one sac, also called as Mono/Mono or Mo/Mo Twins (Monochorionic-Monoamniotic). (twinstuff.com)
Fetus1
  • Ultrasonographic evaluation is indicated for all pregnant women carrying more than a single fetus to rule out the possibility of conjoined twins. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Occur5
  • Conjoined twins occur when division of a single zygote takes place twelve to thirteen days after fertilization [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In conjoined twins, complete separation of the chorionic mass does not occur and non-separated parts of the otherwise normal twins remain fused throughout development. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • One problem that can occur in monochorionic-diamniotic babies is twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). (themasterpiecemom.com)
  • Dizygotic twins tend to occur more frequently with increasing maternal age, couples with a family history of twins, particular racial types and from assisted reproductive technology (eg IVF, ovulation induction). (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • Monozygotic twins tend to occur with equal frequency across maternal age and race. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
Pregnancies6
  • The earliest time that you can get to know about the twin or multiple pregnancies is 10 to 14 weeks . (hercottage.com)
  • Only 1% of monochorionic twin pregnancies will have a single sac: it is a very high risk pregnancy with a risk of entanglement of the umbilical cords of the two fetuses. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • We use of ratio of the estimated fetal weight of the acardiac twin to the estimated fetal weight of the pump twin to identify pregnancies at risk. (connecticutchildrens.org)
  • This is often a precaution in twin pregnancies as you might need an emergency C-section for the second twin. (jeunesse-ski.com)
  • The time of delivery in twin pregnancies is around 38 weeks for dichorionic pairs, 36 weeks for monochorionic and 32 weeks for monoamniotic. (bye.fyi)
  • In twin pregnancies, it took an average of 12.7 hours for the cervix to progress from 4 centimeters to fully dilated, at 10 centimeters. (bye.fyi)
Monoamniotic1
Complication2
  • Conjoined twins are a rare complication of monozygotic twinning and are associated with high perinatal mortality. (hindawi.com)
  • Fortunately this is extremely rare as the complication rate for the mother and her conjoined fetuses is extreme. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
Humans1
  • In humans, there are two different forms of twinning that can lead to two heads being supported by a single torso. (wn.com)
Fetuses4
Fetal4
  • Shared fetal heart of conjoined twins. (hindawi.com)
  • A repeat scan was performed four days later again confirming a viable singleton gestation with fetal demise of conjoined twins. (hindawi.com)
  • The least lucky kind is MoMo-the twins share a single amnion and chorion and, like kids in the same bed, cause each other no end of fetal distress, including one strangling on the other's umbilical cord, one stealing nourishment from the other, etc. (chicagoreader.com)
  • Once the ratio of the acardiac-to-pump twin weight exceeds 0.7, it identifies a pregnancy with a 90% chance of adverse pregnancy outcome without fetal intervention. (connecticutchildrens.org)
Diamniotic5
  • A thirty-two-year-old gravida 1 para 0 was referred to High Risk Obstetrics with a diagnosis of dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation. (hindawi.com)
  • An early ultrasound at six weeks gestation was reported as a dichorionic diamniotic twin gestation. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus this sort of twinning is described as dichorionic and diamniotic (two placentas and two fluid-filled sacs, each containing one baby). (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • Monochoronic diamniotic twins: When the egg divides 3-8 days after fertilisation two separate amnions are present. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
  • These twins are medically called Di/Di Twins (Dichorionic/Diamniotic). (twinstuff.com)
Fraternal twins2
Zygote3
  • Conjoined twins are produced when this inner cell mass, derived from a single zygote, incompletely splits late, after the 12th day of gestational life (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • If the zygote division occurs after two weeks of the development of the embryonic disc, it results in the formation of conjoined twins. (wikipedia.org)
  • These twins are also called monozygotic twins, as they are a product of the division of the same zygote. (hercottage.com)
Pregnancy24
Dizygotic6
  • Approximately two thirds of twins are dizygotic. (medscape.com)
  • Birthrates of dizygotic twins vary by race (10-40 per 1000 births in blacks, 7-10 per 1000 births in whites, and approximately 3 per 1000 births in Asians) and maternal age (ie, the frequency has risen with increasing maternal age ≤40 years). (medscape.com)
  • Birthrates of dizygotic twins vary by race. (medscape.com)
  • The highest birthrate of dizygotic twins occurs in African nations, and the lowest occurs in Asia. (medscape.com)
  • The Yorubas of southwestern Nigeria have a birthrate of 45 twins per 1000 live births, with approximately 90% being dizygotic. (medscape.com)
  • Dizygotic twins always have this form of placentation. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
Stillborn2
  • The true incidence of conjoined twinning is difficult to ascertain because the majority of these twins are either aborted or stillborn. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • 1984). We have encountered a conjoined stillborn twin fetas. (ivis.org)
Refers1
  • The term conjoined twinning refers to an incomplete splitting of monozygotic twins after 12 days of embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
Sacs1
  • The amnionicity (number of fluid filled sacs) in monochorionic twinning is related to the time of division of the single fertilised egg. (womensimagingservices.com.au)
Incidence2
  • The incidence of monozygotic twins is constant worldwide, approximately four per 1000 births. (medscape.com)
  • As previously stated, the incidence of monozygotic twins is constant worldwide (approximately 4 per 1000 births). (medscape.com)
Births1
  • Statistics from 2004-2010 showed that the prevalence of twin deliveries in the United States remained stable at approximately 32 per 1000 live births, compared with a decreasing prevalence of higher-order multiple deliveries (see the graphs below). (medscape.com)
Deliveries1
  • A total of 527 twin deliveries were included. (bye.fyi)
Gestation3
  • This scan identified a triplet gestation complicated by a set of conjoined twins. (hindawi.com)
  • These thoraco-omphalopagus twins were born at 33 weeks gestation via cesarean delivery. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • The average twin is delivered after 36 weeks of gestation. (bye.fyi)
Triplet1
  • They chose selective fetocide of the conjoined twins and went on to deliver the remaining triplet at term. (hindawi.com)
Approximately2
  • Approximately 75% of conjoined twins are female, and 70% are fused at the thorax (thoracopagus) or abdomen (omphalopagus). (medscape.com)
  • 2,4,7 Female conjoined twins are more common and account for approximately 70% to 95% of cases. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
Babies5
  • If you always wanted to have twins, you would be thinking more about how you could identify that you are having multiple babies. (hercottage.com)
  • Preterm birth: Twins and other multiples are much more likely than single babies to be. (jeunesse-ski.com)
  • When Will Your Twin Babies Arrive? (bye.fyi)
  • Full-term for twins is the same as full-term for singleton babies, technically: 39 weeks pregnant. (bye.fyi)
  • 2 babies are born on same day in the same hospital to the same parents and are not twins - how is this possible? (answers.com)
Preterm1
Separation4
  • Successful separation of a set of omphalopagus twins was first reported in 1689 in Basel, Switzerland. (medscape.com)
  • In Singapore in 2003, skull and brain separation of 29-year-old craniopagus Iranian twins, Ladan and Laleh Bijani, was unsuccessful, and the sisters died of exsanguination on the operating table. (medscape.com)
  • A successfully staged separation of craniopagus twins (Carl and Clarence Aguirre) took place from 2003 to 2004 at Montefiore Medical Center in New York. (medscape.com)
  • The judges concluded that separation was in the best interests of both children, even though it meant the death of the weaker twin. (medscape.com)
Ovum2
  • It holds that the unusual proximity of the 2 embryonic disks resulting from a complete division of a single fertilized ovum may cause secondary fusion into conjoined twins. (contemporarypediatrics.com)
  • specimen of human twins demonstrates for the first time their actual origin from a single yolk sac, and hence from a single ovum. (edu.au)
Bodies are joined1
  • Conjoined twins are typically classified by the point at which their bodies are joined. (wikipedia.org)
Malformations3
  • Conjoined twinning is one of the most fascinating human malformations and has also been reported in other animals-mammals, fishes, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. (medscape.com)
  • Over- or underexpression of this gene in laboratory animals results in severe malformations of the head region, including duplications, similar to some types of conjoined twins. (wikipedia.org)
  • These twins generally cannot survive due to severe malformations of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Possibility2
Uterus1
Findings1
Omphalopagus2
  • The most common types of conjoined twins are: Thoraco-omphalopagus (28% of cases): Two bodies fused from the upper chest to the lower chest. (wikipedia.org)
  • Omphalo-Ischiopagus: Fused in a similar fashion to ischiopagus twins, but facing each other, with a joined abdomen, akin to omphalopagus. (wikipedia.org)
Types2
  • The major types of conjoined twins were described in 1573 by the French renaissance surgeon Ambroise Pare. (medscape.com)
  • During an evening of Trivial Pursuit-they really should include explanations with that game-I came upon a question asking how many types of twins there are. (chicagoreader.com)
Umbilical2
  • This twin is kept alive only by retrograde blood flow in its umbilical artery from the pump twin. (connecticutchildrens.org)
  • Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) uses heat generated by radiowaves to coagulate, or clot off, the umbilical vessels of the acardiac twin at the umbilical cord insertion. (connecticutchildrens.org)
Abnormalities1
  • The type of twins formed depends on when and to what extent abnormalities of the node and streak occurred. (wikipedia.org)
Monsters1
  • among such are their morphological duplicity, their occasional conjoining as 'double monsters,' and a common chorion.3 Direct corroboration is furnished by the known manner of quadruplet development in the Texas armadillo, as well as by experiments and observations upon the lower Vertebrates and invertebrates. (edu.au)
Craniopagus1
  • Craniopagus conjoined twins Mohamed and Ahmed Ibrahim, born in Egypt on June 2, 2001, were separated at the Children's Medical Center in Dallas, TX, on October 12, 2003, during a 34-hour operation. (medscape.com)
Streak1
  • Partial splitting of the primitive node and streak may result in the formation of conjoined twins. (wikipedia.org)
Cases2
  • To the positive list I have there added two new cases of monochorial twins, each unique of its kind. (edu.au)
  • In many cases of TRAP sequence, however, the acardiac twin remains small and does not cause a strain on the pump twin. (connecticutchildrens.org)
Theories2
Uncommon1
  • This phenomenon, termed bicephaly, is uncommon but happens during embryo development when two monozygotic twins failed to separate, leaving the heads conjoined onto a single body," the post explained. (newscapital.in)
Anomaly2
  • In broad terms, conjoined twins may be regarded as a doubling anomaly. (medscape.com)
  • Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence, also known as acardia, is a rare anomaly unique to multiple gestations in which one twin has an absent, rudimentary, or nonfunctioning heart. (connecticutchildrens.org)
Common2
  • Occasionally, monozygotic twins are connected only by a common skin bridge or by a common liver bridge. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3 In another publication ('22 c) it will be shown that a common chorion is not infallible proof of the monozygotic origin of human twins. (edu.au)
Share2
  • These twins usually share a heart and may also share the liver or part of the digestive system. (wikipedia.org)
  • These twins almost never share any vital organs, with the exception of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
Separate3