IRF proteins bind specific DNA sequences such as interferon-stimulated response elements, interferon regulatory elements, and the interferon consensus sequence. (lookformedical.com)
Antiviral2
This phenomenon induces an antiviral state and promotes apoptosis in cells, thereby impeding protein or viral vector production. (bvsalud.org)
In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES , and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. (lookformedical.com)
Macrophages5
The endomysial infiltrates in patients with s-IBM are composed primarily of CD8+ T cells and macrophages in a 2:1 ratio. (medscape.com)
T cells, macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cells all have the potential to invade non-necrotic muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES . (lookformedical.com)
Type 1 immunity consists of T box expressed in T cells (Tbet)+/Eomesodermin (EOMES)+ interferon (IFN) γ producing CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (Tc1), and group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) (ILC1s and NK cells) that protect against intracellular microbes through direct killing of infected cells and activation of macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, cytokines from type-2 innate immune cells, such as M2 macrophages or D2 dendritic cells exhibit a protective effect on both types of diabetes. (biobran.org)
Inflammatory4
Theoretically, the possibilities include (1) a primary T-cell mediated autoimmune response causing muscle damage, (2) a primary degenerative process involving abnormal protein processing leading to a secondary inflammatory response, and (3) separate and independent immune and degenerative processes caused by an external trigger. (medscape.com)
s-IBM is characterized by the presence of non-necrotic myofibers invaded by mononuclear inflammatory cells, which, as a pathologic phenomenon, is significantly more common than vacuolated, congophilic, and necrotic fibers. (medscape.com)
Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. (lookformedical.com)
This clinical cancer strategy incorporates advancements in cancer treatment based on a multi-approach to the disease that includes targeting apoptosis, immune cell activation, angiogenesis, restoration of cellular respiration, inhibition of inflammatory mediators, not mentioning some secondary factors such as intoxication, disturbed microbiome, and nervous disorders. (biobran.org)
Peripheral blood2
Zinc sulfate induced cellular immunity in murine peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) and porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by increasing IFNγ secretion. (bvsalud.org)
One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. (lookformedical.com)
Kinase1
Upon treatment with human IFN-α, the IFNAR-KO cells showed a constant expression of ISGs, including 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1), protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR), and IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1), when compared with the wild-type HEK 293 (WT) cells, wherein the ISGs were significantly upregulated. (bvsalud.org)
Viral4
It was shown that resistance to the lethal effects of Sendai virus in mice is genetically controlled and expressed through control of viral replication within the first 72 hours of infection. (wikipedia.org)
For up to 35 days after challenge, host factors including complete blood counts with T lymphocyte subsets, type I/III interferon (IFN) activity, neutralizing and total FMDV-specific antibody titers in serum, as well as antibody-secreting cells (in 6 non-vaccinated animals) were characterized in the context of viral infection dynamics. (biomedcentral.com)
Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells are widely used in protein and viral vector production owing to their high transfection efficiency, rapid growth, and suspension growth capability. (bvsalud.org)
To test this hypothesis, we analyzed expression of viral and cellular genes in brain-infiltrating immune cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis1
Stat1 interacts with P53 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN and regulates expression of GENES involved in growth control and APOPTOSIS . (lookformedical.com)
Serum1
serum proteins were measured with a customized 31-protein multiplex assay. (neurology.org)
Cytokines1
Additionally, FMD vaccine containing O PA2 and A YC antigens and zinc sulfate induced early, mid-, and long-term immune responses in mice and pigs, and enhanced cellular and humoral immunity by regulating the expression of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), transcription factors, co-stimulatory molecules, and cytokines in porcine PBMCs from vaccinated pigs. (bvsalud.org)
Receptors1
In the last years higher attention focused on the role of immunoregulation both in the insulin production by β-cell of Langerhans-islets and in the insulin sensitivity (resistance) of insulin receptors. (biobran.org)
Cellular1
Overall, these results indicated that the novel immunostimulant zinc sulfate induced potent cellular and humoral immune responses by stimulating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T and B cells, and enhanced long-term immunity by promoting the expression of co-stimulatory molecules. (bvsalud.org)
Pathogen1
Genes related to T cell activation, cytotoxic cell-mediated (or type 1) immunity, B cell growth and differentiation, pathogen recognition, myeloid cell function, type I interferon pathway activation, and leukocyte recruitment were found expressed at different levels in most or all MS brain immune infiltrates. (biomedcentral.com)
Proliferation2
They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. (lookformedical.com)
Comparison of data obtained in meningeal and white matter infiltrates revealed higher expression of genes related to interferonγ production, B cell differentiation, cell proliferation, lipid antigen presentation, and T cell and myeloid cell recruitment, as well as more widespread EBV infection in the meningeal samples. (biomedcentral.com)
Cytoplasm2
SeV replication occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
PHOSPHORYLATION of IRF-3 causes the protein to be translocated from the CYTOPLASM to CELL NUCLEUS where it binds DNA , and activates transcription. (lookformedical.com)
Vaccine1
Recent applications of SeV-based vectors include the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells and vaccine creation. (wikipedia.org)
Tumor2
It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. (lookformedical.com)
These two important mechanisms of approaching cancer, principally through the clinical application of the P53 tumor suppressor gene and other apoptotic players that for the past 15 years have been included in my cancer strategy as a diagnostic, prognosis, and follow up treatment. (biobran.org)
Primarily1
Multivariate analysis grouped genes expressed in meningeal and white matter immune infiltrates into artificial factors that were characterized primarily by genes involved in type 1 immunity effector mechanisms and type I interferon pathway activation. (biomedcentral.com)
Vitro2
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
Results Vitamin D enhanced in vitro IFN responses, as measured by induction of p-Y-STAT1 and MxA in MNCs, T cells, and monocytes. (neurology.org)
Transcription factors1
A family of transcription factors that share an N-terminal HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF and bind INTERFERON-inducible promoters to control GENE expression . (lookformedical.com)
Infection4
The CD4 + /CD8 + T cell ratio in non-vaccinated animals increased during acute infection, driven by an absolute decrease of CD8 + cells. (biomedcentral.com)
It is debated whether multiple sclerosis (MS) might result from an immunopathological response toward an active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection brought into the central nervous system (CNS) by immigrating B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Enhanced PCR-based methods were used to investigate expression of 75 immune-related genes and 6 EBV genes associated with latent and lytic infection. (biomedcentral.com)
EBV genes were detected in brain samples from 9 of 11 MS patients with expression patterns suggestive of in situ activation of latent infection and, less frequently, entry into the lytic cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Structures2
Specific molecular sites or structures on or in cells with which interferons react or to which they bind in order to modify the function of the cells. (lookformedical.com)
White matter perivascular and intrameningeal immune infiltrates, including B cell follicle-like structures, were isolated from brain sections using laser capture microdissection. (biomedcentral.com)
Activity1
Here, Biobran's anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was assessed using MTT and plaque reduction assays, RT-PCR, ELISA techniques, and measurements of SARS-CoV-2-related gene expression and protein levels. (biobran.org)
Response2
Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. (lookformedical.com)
Objective To determine the effect of vitamin D3 on interferon-β (IFN-β) response and immune regulation in MS mononuclear cells (MNCs). (neurology.org)
Lines1
The virus is infectious for many cancer cell lines (see below), and has oncolytic properties demonstrated in animal models and in naturally-occurring cancers in animals. (wikipedia.org)
Technology2
In this study, we generated an IFNAR subtype 1 knockout (KO) HEK 293 suspension (IFNAR-KO) cell line by using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) technology. (bvsalud.org)
SeV's ability to fuse eukaryotic cells and to form syncytium was used to produce hybridoma cells capable of manufacturing monoclonal antibodies in large quantities. (wikipedia.org)
It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. (lookformedical.com)
Types1
They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. (lookformedical.com)
Variable1
Expression of s-IBM is variable, but all cases eventually evolve into a syndrome of diffuse, progressive, asymmetric, proximal, and distal weakness that is generally refractory to immunosuppressive treatment. (medscape.com)
Potential1
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely. (lookformedical.com)