AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Gas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryMass SpectrometryChromatography, GasChromatography, LiquidChromatography, High Pressure LiquidVolatile Organic CompoundsSolid Phase MicroextractionMetabolomicsTandem Mass SpectrometryMetabolomePerianal GlandsSpectrometry, Mass, Electrospray IonizationOils, VolatileVolatilizationOcimum basilicumChromatography, Thin LayerAndrostenediolsAcetic AnhydridesSubstance Abuse DetectionMeconiumDeuteriumMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyDoping in SportsF2-IsoprostanesFatty AcidsSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationBiotransformationCarboxylic AcidsHydroxyeicosatetraenoic AcidsGasesUrinalysisReproducibility of ResultsMolecular Sequence DataOxidation-ReductionEstersMolecular StructureQuality ControlSteroidsMethylationCarbohydrate SequenceCarbohydrate ConformationWater Pollutants, ChemicalLipoxygenasePolycyclic Hydrocarbons, AromaticStereoisomerismSensitivity and SpecificityChemistryChemical PhenomenaHydrolysisArachidonic AcidsArachidonic AcidProteomicsDinoprostBiological MarkersLiverCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemAmino Acid SequenceFatty Acids, UnsaturatedKineticsTime FactorsHexanesCattleChromatography, AffinityChromatography, Ion ExchangeEucommiaceaeCalibrationLipid MetabolismIsotope LabelingChromatographyChromatography, GelPentanesProteome8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic AcidReference StandardsLimit of DetectionRhodiolaBreath TestsReference ValuesWater PollutantsFlame IonizationSugar AcidsDose-Response Relationship, DrugCarbon IsotopesCarbon RadioisotopesChromatography, Reverse-PhaseGlucoseMethanolPeptidesOligosaccharidesEnvironmental MonitoringCholesterolOxidative StressMolecular WeightAmino AcidsAcetatesMicrosomes, LiverSugar AlcoholsSulfur CompoundsTerphenyl CompoundsElectrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
Solid-Phase MicroextrTandem mass spectroCompoundsFeatures of gas-chromatographyOrganicSpectroscopyLiquidDetectionGCMSIdentificationCapillaryAnalysisSerumPyrolysisVolatileProcessesLate 1950sIsolationChromatographicSubstancesPrebioticDetectorMeasurementIonsMetabolitesTechniquesAtomsFragmentsMammalianFingerprintProteinSpectrometerMixtureMicroscopyMetabolismReactionChemistryQuantifyAntibodiesStructuralFoundPhysicalChemicalScientistsResearchersHighLevelSmall
Solid-Phase Microextr6
Tandem mass spectro3
Compounds12
  • A pheromone is a chemical signal transmitted as the molecules of one compound or, more often, a particular combination of compounds, between the members of a single species. (soci.org)
  • Moreover, the major advances that have taken place in the development of analytical instrumentation (e.g. gas liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, etc.) and sampling techniques since the late 1950s have made the unambiguous identification of these compounds, should they exist in humans, a less daunting undertaking than that which led to the identification of bombykol. (soci.org)
  • Pizzarello and her team hydrothermally treated fragments of the meteorite and then detected the compounds released by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (spacedaily.com)
  • The team detected a complex mixture of oxygen-rich compounds which include a variety of long chain linear and branched polyethers - a molecule pervasive in biochemistry. (geologyglasgow.org.uk)
  • Chemical compounds derived from acids by the elimination of a molecule of water. (lookformedical.com)
  • A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds. (lookformedical.com)
  • Detecting: Once separate, the compounds exit the column and move to the mass spectrometer. (quickfixsynthetic.com)
  • One of the advantages of GC-MS is that the identification is based on both a retention time and a mass spectrum (a compounds' specific fragmentation pattern). (metabolomicscentre.ca)
  • Compounds produce reproducible fragmentation patterns when ionized by a fixed electron voltage (usually 70eV) making the technique particularly valuable for identification and quantification for small molecules as it means it is instrument independent and allows databases to be created and shared between users. (metabolomicscentre.ca)
  • The increase in hydrocarbon chain length and in cyclic molecules and alkyl compounds as the temperatures increased led to the increase in density, viscosity, flash point, and octane number within the range of standard commercial oil fuels. (sdewes.org)
  • They are discussed as components of a family of compounds denoted as highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs), important in new particle formation (Ehn et al. (copernicus.org)
  • The Duke SRP Center's Analytical Chemistry Core is conducting non-targeted screening on the samples using high-resolution, accurate-mass mass spectrometry, a technique to identity the diverse set of compounds present in the sample. (nih.gov)
Features of gas-chromatography1
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is an analytical method that combines the features of gas-chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. (wikipedia.org)
Organic15
  • Scientists led by Sandra Pizzarello, a research professor in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in ASU's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, found that the Sutter's Mill meteorite, which exploded in a blazing fireball over California last year, contains organic molecules not previously found in any meteorites. (spacedaily.com)
  • These findings suggest a far greater availability of extraterrestrial organic molecules than previously thought possible, an inventory that could indeed have been important in molecular evolution and life itself. (spacedaily.com)
  • The elucidation of these other reaction products was facilitated by mass spectrometry of the derivatized reaction products coupled with plausible alpha-terpineol/OH and alpha-terpineol/O3 reaction mechanisms based on previously published volatile organic compound/ OH and volatile organic compound/O3 gas-phase reaction mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
  • The new forensic science can distinguish trace elements and organic materials down to the level of only a few hundred molecules. (nih.gov)
  • A team of researchers led by Sandra Pizzarello, of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry in Arizona State University, found that the Sutter's Mill meteorite (pictured), which exploded over California last year, contains organic molecules not previously detected in meteorites. (geologyglasgow.org.uk)
  • This research suggests a far greater availability of extraterrestrial organic molecules than previously thought possible, which may have been important for molecular evolution and life itself. (geologyglasgow.org.uk)
  • A study, recently published in Nature and based on data from the SHERLOC instrument on NASA's Mars Perseverance rover, reveals findings potentially indicative of organic molecules on Mars, suggesting a more complex organic geochemical cycle than previously understood. (scitechdaily.com)
  • A new study featuring data from the NASA Mars Perseverance rover reports on an instrumental detection potentially consistent with organic molecules on the Martian surface, hinting toward past habitability of the Red Planet. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Notably, the study detected signals consistent with molecules linked to aqueous processes, indicating that water may have played a key role in the diverse range of organic matter on Mars. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Geological processes and chemical reactions can also form organic molecules, and these processes are favored for the origin of these possible Martian organics. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Until now, organic carbon had only been detected by the Mars Phoenix lander and the Mars Curiosity rover by using advanced techniques like evolved gas analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The scientists used a first-of-its-kind instrument called the Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman and Luminescence for Organics and Chemicals (SHERLOC) to map the distribution of organic molecules and minerals on rock surfaces. (scitechdaily.com)
  • The addition of an organic acid radical into a molecule. (lookformedical.com)
  • Computerized gas chromatography-mass spectrometry units, which use quadruple technology, became one of the leading tools for analyzing organic materials by the 2000s. (quickfixsynthetic.com)
  • The mission of the Institute concerns the research and development of chemical reactions and organic molecules of interest in biology and sustainability, with the aim of understanding their function and exploring their applications. (cnr.it)
Spectroscopy3
  • Independent experts providing training and consultancy in the analytical science fields of Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Thermal Analysis, Physical & Structural Properties of Molecules, Statistical Analysis and all their related techniques. (rsc.org)
  • The styrene molecules were synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Layer formation on silicon was then accomplished through. (northwestern.edu)
  • His doctoral work utilized single molecule spectroscopy and time resolved techniques to study epigenetic modifications in single cells. (nih.gov)
Liquid11
Detection2
  • Two increasingly important approaches to chemical detection and identification are gas chromatography, a method of separating substances, and mass spectrometry, a method of measuring the mass of molecules. (nih.gov)
  • Analytes are then separated in a capillary column and quantified using multiple ion detection (MID) with mass spectrometry. (cdc.gov)
GCMS1
  • If Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Pyr-GCMS) has been used for years to give clues about this composition, the highly disparate results obtained show that they can be attributed to the analytical conditions used, to differences in the nature of the analogues studied, or both. (hal.science)
Identification5
  • It is not possible to make an accurate identification of a particular molecule by gas chromatography or mass spectrometry alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • The evolved gases were then injected into a GC-MS device for molecular identification. (hal.science)
  • Identification of floral scent in chrysanthemum cultivars and wild relatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (omicsdi.org)
  • Instead, identification of where in the molecule the 13 C is incorporated is required. (nau.edu)
  • Therefore, the present study aimed to screen the insecticidal activity of root/stem extracts/fractions, and pure molecules from Cissampelos pareira Linnaeus against A. craccivora for identification of lead(s). (bvsalud.org)
Capillary2
  • The gas chromatograph utilizes a capillary column whose properties regarding molecule separation depend on the column's dimensions (length, diameter, film thickness) as well as the phase properties (e.g. 5% phenyl polysiloxane). (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to characterise brain steroid content, an improved procedure for the extraction and fractionation of steroids from nervous tissue was developed and used to generate samples from adult male rat brain suitable for analysis by gas capillary chromatography-electron impact mass spectrometry (GC-EIMS). (bl.uk)
Analysis8
  • Therefore, when an identifying mass spectrum appears at a characteristic retention time in a GC-MS analysis, it typically increases certainty that the analyte of interest is in the sample. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gas chromatography mass spectrometry is a commonly used method for the analysis of barbiturates. (nih.gov)
  • Wu, W, Dijkstra, P & Dippold, MA 2020, ' 13 C analysis of fatty acid fragments by gas chromatography mass spectrometry for metabolic flux analysis ', Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta , vol. 284, pp. 92-106. (nau.edu)
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can be used to investigate fires and explosives, for environmental analysis, to detect drugs and to identify substances of an unknown origin. (quickfixsynthetic.com)
  • Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is a very powerful technique and has been regarded as the gold standard for analysing lipids, drug metabolites and environmental analysis for many years. (metabolomicscentre.ca)
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis showed the change in hydrocarbon chain and chemical molecular structures, thus influencing its physical properties. (sdewes.org)
  • A detailed description of the mission analysis can be found in the ROSETTA User Manual [RO-DSS-MA-1001], and the flight Operations Plan [RO-ESC-PL-5000]. (umd.edu)
  • The mission of the Translational Analytical Core (TAC) is to create a NIDA IRP-wide platform and mechanism for new, innovative translation and reverse translational collaborations, with a special emphasis on novel molecular approaches and analysis (e.g. protein, lipids, small molecules). (nih.gov)
Serum1
  • We have developed a highly-sensitive inositol assay using gas chromatography/negative ion mass spectrometry that allows measurement of picomole amounts in serum and urine. (nih.gov)
Pyrolysis1
  • About a hundred of molecules have been identified in the pyrolysis products. (hal.science)
Volatile1
Processes4
  • Combining the two processes reduces the possibility of error, as it is extremely unlikely that two different molecules will behave in the same way in both a gas chromatograph and a mass spectrometer. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is a meteorite whose organics had been found altered by heat and of little appeal for bio- or prebiotic chemistry, yet the very Solar System processes that lead to its alteration seem also to have brought about novel and complex molecules of definite prebiotic interest such as polyethers. (spacedaily.com)
  • The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes. (lookformedical.com)
  • The Institute is also an updated technological hub for the research and development of small molecules and biotechnological processes. (cnr.it)
Late 1950s1
Isolation1
  • Pharmacognosy is a science that focuses on molecules and involves isolation and determination of the structure of pharmacologically active molecules as well as the study of their biosynthesis, including the enzymes and the genes which are involved. (iium.edu.my)
Chromatographic1
  • The effect of chemical purity has been determined by measuring the odor threshold of materials representing different modes of manufacture or after purification by gas chromatographic procedures. (researchgate.net)
Substances3
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry is a method that labs use to detect trace amounts of substances in one sample. (quickfixsynthetic.com)
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry can also detect substances on a human being or in luggage as they pass through airport security. (quickfixsynthetic.com)
  • Because gas chromatography-mass spectrometry testing performs a specific test, it has been considered to be a paragon of excellence when it comes to identifying forensic substances. (quickfixsynthetic.com)
Prebiotic1
  • We show that carbonaceous chondrite meteorites actively and selectively catalyze the formation of relevant prebiotic molecules from formamide in aqueous media. (nature.com)
Detector2
  • The mass spectrometry process normally requires a very pure sample while gas chromatography using a traditional detector (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
  • Flame ionization detector) cannot differentiate between multiple molecules that happen to take the same amount of time to travel through the column (i.e. have the same retention time), which results in two or more molecules that co-elute. (wikipedia.org)
Measurement2
  • However, the high temperatures (300°C) used in the GC-MS injection port (and oven) can result in thermal degradation of injected molecules, thus resulting in the measurement of degradation products instead of the actual molecule(s) of interest. (wikipedia.org)
  • Accurate mass measurement represents an important step during the investigation of proteins. (jove.com)
Ions2
  • The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds. (lookformedical.com)
  • The molecular ions of FA generally reflected theoretical predictions of mass isotopomer distributions for natural abundance values, but that of the associated FA fragments deviated from expected values, likely associated with McLafferty rearrangements of hydrogen. (nau.edu)
Metabolites1
  • To identify metabolites, the researchers compared their analyzer outputs with a library of purified standards or recurrent unknown molecules. (medscape.com)
Techniques3
  • The course teaches how to obtain high quality mass spectra, simple techniques to recognise and elucidate spectra, how to observe fragmentation patterns and looks at how to use advance tools to interpret spectra. (rsc.org)
  • So what these techniques do is basically break down a substance, a mixture, into the individual molecules, and then based on these molecules, we could identify and recreate the original ingredients that went into the mixture. (thenakedscientists.com)
  • The prostaglandins are presently detected by radioimmunoassay, bioassay and mass spectrometric techniques, among others. (nih.gov)
Atoms1
  • So therefore, by using different combinations of pulses and delays it is possible to determine how each atom in the molecule interacts with other atoms in the molecule. (metabolomicscentre.ca)
Fragments2
  • The mass spectrometer does this by breaking each molecule into ionized fragments and detecting these fragments using their mass-to-charge ratio. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sometimes two different molecules can also have a similar pattern of ionized fragments in a mass spectrometer (mass spectrum). (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian2
  • However, there is little information on the full complement of steroid molecules present in the mammalian brain. (bl.uk)
  • Pinitol (3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol) is a sugar related to myo-inositol, which is found in mammalian mediator molecules. (nih.gov)
Fingerprint1
  • and understand isotopes, isomers, logical losses, cleavages and rearrangements to produce a mass spectral fingerprint of the compound. (rsc.org)
Protein2
  • Because aldehydes have the tendency to react with biological molecules to form various products, including Schiff base protein adducts, free aldehydes released into the headspace of biological samples from the Schiff base protein adducts at low pH (~3) are analyzed. (cdc.gov)
  • Some of which are internal motions within regions of larger molecules such as loops in a protein or the base pairs in DNA or RNA. (metabolomicscentre.ca)
Spectrometer5
  • In 1964, Electronic Associates, Inc. (EAI), a leading U.S. supplier of analog computers, began development of a computer controlled quadrupole mass spectrometer under the direction of Robert E. Finnigan. (wikipedia.org)
  • The GC-MS is composed of two major building blocks: the gas chromatograph and the mass spectrometer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The molecules are retained by the column and then elute (come off) from the column at different times (called the retention time), and this allows the mass spectrometer downstream to capture, ionize, accelerate, deflect, and detect the ionized molecules separately. (wikipedia.org)
  • The extract is injected into a gas chromatogram mass spectrometer where it undergoes "flash methylation" in the hot injection port. (nih.gov)
  • Under the supervision of Robert E. Finnigan , a company called Electronic Associates, Incorporated, which supplied analog computers, started developing a quadrupole mass spectrometer that was controlled by a computer in 1964. (quickfixsynthetic.com)
Mixture1
  • The difference in the chemical properties between different molecules in a mixture and their relative affinity for the stationary phase of the column will promote separation of the molecules as the sample travels the length of the column. (wikipedia.org)
Microscopy1
  • He then combined multifocus microscopy with single molecule imaging to quantitatively track the interactions of transcription factors at endogenous binding elements in 3D in live cells. (nih.gov)
Metabolism1
  • At present, I am being funded under grant DA-00424-01 for a study of the metabolism of ma.ihuana. (nih.gov)
Reaction1
  • A bimolecular rate constant, kOH+alpha-terpineol, of (1.9 +/- 0.5) x 10(-10) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) was measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the relative rate technique for the reaction of the hydroxyl radical (OH) with alpha-terpineol (1-methyl-4-isopropyl-1-cyclohexen-8-ol) at (297 +/- 3) K and 1 atm total pressure. (cdc.gov)
Chemistry1
  • Gas-phase chemistry of alpha-terpineol with ozone and OH radical: rate constants and products. (cdc.gov)
Quantify1
Antibodies2
  • Enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay are more sensitive than TLC, but they are less specific because molecules with similar functional groups cross-react with antibodies. (medscape.com)
  • Memory B cells, for instance, produce disease-fighting antibodies when they encounter specific molecules called antigens that pathogens carry. (nih.gov)
Structural1
  • It gives information about both the structural and chemical properties of certain molecules. (metabolomicscentre.ca)
Found2
  • A recently published study in the journal Molecules found that eugenol could increase the efficacy of fluconazole against clinical Candida strains.2 For the study, the essential oil and methanolic and ethanolic extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Ocimum campechianum Mill. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
  • Among pure molecules, pareirarineformate was found most effective (LC50 = 1491.93 mg/L) against A. craccivora, followed by cissamine (LC50 = 1556.31 mg/L). Parent extract and fractions of C. pareira possess promising activity against aphid. (bvsalud.org)
Physical1
  • The exact frequency at which the nuclei rotate is related to both the chemical and physical environment of the atom in the molecule. (metabolomicscentre.ca)
Chemical2
  • We also performed a semi-quantitative study on the best represented chemical family in our chromatograms - namely nitriles: the existence of a relation between the quantity of a released compound and its molecular mass is consistent with the quantification of nitriles in the PAMPRE gas phase done by Gautier et al. (hal.science)
  • However, some RNA research also requires making specific chemical changes at particular locations in RNA molecules, and until recently it has been very technically challenging to construct long RNA molecules with these sorts of site-specific alterations in them. (nih.gov)
Scientists3
  • Williams and the team of scientists will work to further examine the potential sources of these molecules. (scitechdaily.com)
  • Studying the properties of specific RNA molecules and their contributions to health and disease requires scientists to accrue a sufficient quantity for their experiments. (nih.gov)
  • Rather than going through the tedious and difficult process of extracting RNA from cells, scientists often opt to synthesize the RNA molecules they wish to study from scratch in their labs. (nih.gov)
Researchers1
  • The researchers are hoping their work will allow breeders to develop new lines of wheat that inherently generate deterrent molecules. (troymedia.com)
High1
Level2
  • at a level of molecules rather than milligrams. (soci.org)
  • Real-time imaging of drug-induced trapping of cellular topoisomerases and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 at the single-molecule level. (nih.gov)
Small1
  • A pump pulls the air being sampled through a tube containing absorbent material that traps all those small molecules. (troymedia.com)