• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been around as one of the primary methods of analyte detection for more than four decades. (ddw-online.com)
  • Though many traditional sensing technologies for biomarker analysis and fundamental biological studies (i.e. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, etc.) rely on single-parameter measurements, it has become increasingly clear that the inherent complexity of many human illnesses and pathways necessitates quantitative and multiparameter analysis of biological samples. (illinois.edu)
  • The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. (patsnap.com)
  • Reactions with three or four substrates or products are less common, but they exist. (wikipedia.org)
  • This rate-determining step may be a chemical reaction or a conformational change of the enzyme or substrates, such as those involved in the release of product(s) from the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • This work aimed to address this opportunity gap and develop novel, small molecule diagnostic and therapeutic tools to selectively target the Trx system based on a modular trigger cargo design: artificial cyclic disulfide substrates (trigger) for oxidoreductases are tethered to molecular agents (cargo) such that the cargo's activity is masked and is re-established only through reduction by a target protein. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • By comparing a novel 1,2 dithiolane-based probe to the state-of-the-art probes, including commercial TrxR sensors, by screening a conclusive assay panel of cellular TrxR modulations, I clarified that 1,2 dithiolanes are not selective substrates for TrxR in biological settings (Nat Commun 2022). (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Their central innovation involves the use of the Diels-Alder reaction to immobilize the active species to the self-assembled monolayer (aka SAM-see nugget on dynamic substrates for more info) on the biochip surface (see figure 1). (uchicago.edu)
  • This assay format is versatile and compatible with virtually any type of kinase substrates, including peptides, proteins, small molecules, and lipids, as long as there is a suitable method to separate radiolabeled ATP and substrate. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • By combining the results from two-stage quantification, 4 or 5 orders of magnitude in dynamic range were achieved for the detection of the serotypes of BoNT/A, /B, /E, or /F. The effect of multiplexing the assay by mixing substrates for different BoNT serotypes into a single reaction was also investigated in order to reduce the numbers of the cleavage reactions and to save valuable clinical samples. (cdc.gov)
  • Enzymatic cleavage assays represent an attractive approach where the functional active toxins are detected by monitoring the cleavage of their target substrates, or peptide mimics in most cases, by means of different techniques, such as immunological detection 18 , 19 , capillary electrophoresis 20 , fluorescence analysis 21 , Forster resonance energy transfer (ALISSA) 22 , and high performance liquid chromatography 23 . (cdc.gov)
  • The MALDI-TOF (Bruker Daltonics Microflex LT) is a bench-top mass spectrometer used for the analysis of proteins, other small molecules (lipids, carbohydrates) and microorganism (bacteria). (labion.eu)
  • Antioxidant compounds are molecules that can inhibit or delay the oxidation of lipids or other biomolecules by inhibiting the initiation and propagation of oxidative chain reactions [ 29 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • For the pharmaceutical sector, the activities dedicated to the analysis, synthesis and biological evaluation of small bioactive organic molecules are able to support studies of lead compounds and preclinical development of lipids, natural products, peptides and biomarkers for oncology, immunology and neuroscience. (cnr.it)
  • This course will cover the structure and function of different biological molecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • However, many of these molecules are so small that they cannot be detected by the most widely available analysis techniques, leaving questions about crucial substances like amino acids, sugars, and lipids largely unanswered. (harvard.edu)
  • Much of BioChemistry deals with the structures, functions, and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • Ella is an instrument that allows automated ELISA assays where everything is pre-loaded onto a specific cartridge. (labion.eu)
  • Over the years many changes to the basic format have resulted in assay improvements, but some of the most recent look set to take the traditional ELISA to new levels. (ddw-online.com)
  • These include many vendors now addressing the automation of ELISA assays. (ddw-online.com)
  • Other automated instrumentation is designed to support the creation/coating of ELISA assay plates or contains cartridge-based delivery of assay reagents to reduce set-up time. (ddw-online.com)
  • These are supported by a wide range of ELISA reagents, assay and kits providing relative profiling or absolute quantitation of proteins across a wide range of study areas. (ddw-online.com)
  • E nzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) have been one of the primary methods of detecting the presence of a substance, usually an antigen, in an aqueous sample for more than 40 years. (ddw-online.com)
  • The immunoassay landscape has, however, dramatically changed in recent years with the development of reduced assay steps protocols, no wash ELISAs and new automated systems designed to run ELISA. (ddw-online.com)
  • More recently, bead-based methods and microfluidic platforms have started to impact immunoassays and by coupling with single molecule detection look set to take the sensitivity of traditional ELISA to new levels. (ddw-online.com)
  • This review article uses as its starting point some of the findings of HTStec's ELISA Assay Trends 2012 survey and report, published in June 2012 (1). (ddw-online.com)
  • This report discusses end-users' current practices and preferences in ELISA assays, and seeks to understand future user requirements. (ddw-online.com)
  • The main (primary) application area for survey respondents' ELISA assays was immunology (17% selecting). (ddw-online.com)
  • Standard protein purification and characterization techniques, enzyme activity assays, as well as immunoassays (ELISA) will also be taught. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The new competitive methods were able to detect their targets with up to 50 times greater sensitivity than a conventional ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), within about an hour. (harvard.edu)
  • On the basis of the obtained sequence, conventional and real-time PCR assays for specific and sensitive detection of the novel virus were established. (scienceopen.com)
  • Automated platform properly suited for small molecules screening with immunomodulatory activity that relies on phenotypic assays using a range of cancer cells, reporter cells, humanized cells, primary nervous cells and immune system cells, animal models with invertebrates (zebrafish) and mammals, as well as on an instrument park for microscopy, fluorescence, mass imaging and mass cytometry. (cnr.it)
  • The goal of the MLP is to screen compounds in the Small Molecule Repository in target-based and phenotypic assays to identify and subsequently optimize small molecule s as research probes. (nih.gov)
  • in such cases, it is helpful to determine the enzyme structure with and without bound substrate analogues that do not undergo the enzymatic reaction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Nitric Oxide Detection Kit is a colorimetric assay for the indirect determination of Nitric Oxide concentrations based on the enzymatic conversion of nitrate to nitrite by a nitrate reductase. (ozbiosciences.com)
  • Given the important role of kinases in cellular regulation, radiometric assays can be applied to almost any biological research that investigates enzymatic activity within cellular processes. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • Ella is used in the lab for the characterization of biological fluids and for the detection of markers present in extracellular vesicles samples. (labion.eu)
  • P erhaps most significantly are the big increases in assay sensitivity and the widening of the dynamic range accomplished by using alternatives to the traditional colorimetric detection, or by the use of new platform technologies. (ddw-online.com)
  • In response to this need, three types of diagnostic tests for SARS-CoV were quickly developed: tissue culture isolation, antibody detection, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays. (cdc.gov)
  • Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)
  • The new assay for small molecules uses the existing Simoa detection system, shown here, which is able to identify single molecules of a target substance bound to magnetic microbeads. (harvard.edu)
  • Now, scientists at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University and Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) have created a new type of immuno-assay that is capable of detecting small molecules with 50-fold greater sensitivity than conventional detection methods, and can be easily integrated into existing diagnostic platforms. (harvard.edu)
  • We are working to try to commercialize this technology for the rapid detection of small molecules for a variety of clinical and environmental applications. (harvard.edu)
  • The radioisotope filtration binding assay allows for the detection of kinase phosphoryl transfer activity, which is proportional to the amount of phosphorylated substrate. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • The scintillation proximity assay (SPA) using radioisotope-labeled ATP is an activity-based homogenous and versatile assay that allows for rapid and sensitive detection of kinase activity. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • Factors that might affect the linearity and dynamic range for detection of BoNT cleavage products were initially examined, including the amount of peptide substrate and internal standard, the timing of cleavage reaction, and the components in the reaction solution. (cdc.gov)
  • Recent efforts have been directed at the development of non-animal based alternative tests for the identification of skin sensitizers including the use of in vitro cell activation assays. (cdc.gov)
  • In fact, some bio-chips have already been utilized in attempts to more readily identify the presence of certain medical conditions which can be detected using biochemical assays. (uchicago.edu)
  • The review is summarized and systematized the published data on the multicomponent reactions of ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate, carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), and nucleophilic reagents. (researchgate.net)
  • The biological system is complex with many regulatory features such as DNA, mRNA, proteins, metabolites, and epigenetic features such as DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications (PTMs). (rsc.org)
  • After dipping the patterned chip in several solutions of different proteins or enzymes, the researchers observed that, in each case, selective binding or selective reaction occurred on the biochip. (uchicago.edu)
  • Secondly, while other biochips have experienced problems with "sticky" proteins adsorbing to the materials used to construct the bio-chips, the U of C researchers use of the inert ethylene-glycol oligomers as a substrate minimized these types of side reactions. (uchicago.edu)
  • The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
  • BOSTON) - As medical science has come to understand that the human body is controlled on the molecular level by various proteins, hormones, drugs, and other substances, technologies have developed to detect levels of these molecules in order to monitor health and diagnose disease. (harvard.edu)
  • A second interest is the development of ultrasensitive methods for the analysis of biological molecules, particularly enzymes and proteins. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • Biological assays to test the cytotoxicity of the compound 1b combined with electroporation were performed to determine its potential for future medical applications in cancer treatment. (hindawi.com)
  • These kits require luminescence plate readers, are frequently used for cell viability or cytotoxicity assays. (aatbio.com)
  • The new approach is based on a type of analysis called a competitive immunoassay, in which a known quantity of a labeled molecule of interest and a sample with an unknown quantity of the molecule are both added to an array of antibodies to which they bind. (harvard.edu)
  • By analyzing the amount of the labeled molecule of interest that is bound to the antibodies compared to the total number of available antibody sites, it is possible to conclude that the remaining sites are bound by the unlabeled molecule from the sample, allowing the concentration of that molecule to be determined. (harvard.edu)
  • When antibodies, small molecules, or nucleic acids bind to the surface they affect the current flow, which is recorded as a change in impedence in the chip that carries the sample. (genengnews.com)
  • Proximity Ligation Assay revealed that in native cell systems with endogenous receptor expression, CXCR4 co-localizes with the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ß2AR). (bvsalud.org)
  • In this work, FMDV 3A homodimerization was evidenced by an in situ protein fluorescent ligation assay. (asm.org)
  • A prion, the causative agent of "mad cow" disease and human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, is an improperly folded protein molecule that clumps together and corrupts other, healthy molecules of the same protein to do likewise, in domino fashion. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to Liebman, the finding that one prion can help start the chain reaction in another, totally different protein is important, because much more is known about how prions propagate than about how they first appear-which also bears on public health concerns. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Therefore, we assayed the inhibitory effects of small peptides derived from S protein on the binding of S protein to ACE2 and on the S-protein-pseudotyped retrovirus infectivity. (scienceopen.com)
  • SP-4 (residues 192-203), SP-8 (residues 483-494), and SP-10 (residues 668-679) significantly blocked the interaction between S protein and ACE2 by biotinylated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with IC 50 values of 4.30 ± 2.18, 6.99 ± 0.71, and 1.88 ± 0.52 nmol, respectively. (scienceopen.com)
  • In biological activity assays, this can cause problems with measuring the activity of a specific protein or pathway. (nih.gov)
  • However, small molecule redox imaging tools are underdeveloped: their protein specificity, spectral properties, and applicability remain poorly precedented. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • This manuscript discusses some important biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), liver-type FABP (L-FABP), proenkephalin (Penkid), metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) and Dickkopf-3 (DDK3). (biolifesas.org)
  • Though this technology can be used to detect a variety of molecules, this dissertation establishes the utility of microring resonator chips for multiparameter analysis of several challenging protein targets in cell cultures, human blood sera, and other clinical samples such as cerebrospinal fluid. (illinois.edu)
  • This dissertation describes the fabrication, characterization, development, and application of silicon photonic microring resonator technology to multiplexed protein measurements in a variety of biological systems. (illinois.edu)
  • A synthetic, specially- designed oligonucleotide with the ability to recognize and bind a protein ligand molecule or molecules with high affinity and specificity. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • In chemical biology, we apply small to medium sized molecules produced through our synthetic methods, to the study and modulation of biological systems, e.g. the study of nucleoside analogues and antisense oligonucleotides in nucleic acid therapy for the modulation of protein production (and resulting treatment of disease). (nicb.ie)
  • Recently, identification of metabolites involved in the biotransformation of phytochemicals by intestinal microflora has been suggested as a potentially effective means to determine which compounds are active in living systems and to gain a better understanding of how herbs affect biological processes [ 11 , 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In the biotechnology field, the Institute conducts research in the development and implementation of processes based on extremophilic and whole-cell enzymes for the biological mitigation of CO 2 and for the production of hydrogen, food ingredients and functional and/or bioactive compounds from the conversion of natural matrices and residues agro-food. (cnr.it)
  • We invest time in the interpretation of complex spectral data to identify our compounds from natural sources, developing biological models to demonstrate their efficacy on health and understanding their biological role, implementing synthetic and biosynthetic pathways for their sustainable production. (cnr.it)
  • Also compiles independently checked selected procedures and new reactions which can be used to produce compounds of research utility. (mtu.edu)
  • The planned enzyme inhibition assays were unfortunately precluded by the aqueous insolubility of the selected compounds. (ru.ac.za)
  • This often involves the synthesis of a library, or large collection, of lead compounds, designed around a specific scaffold, which are anticipated to have the desired biological activity. (nicb.ie)
  • The library of compounds is then assayed for biological activity, e.g. for antibacterial activity. (nicb.ie)
  • At NCBI, the PubChem BioAssay database stores biological activity assay information that makes it possible to find experimentally measured targets for millions of chemicals. (nih.gov)
  • A large collection of ready-to-use kinase activity assay kits are also available to help our customers save precious time. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • SDS PAGE, filtration techniques, chromatography, or density gradient centrifugation are typically used to separate radiolabeled ATP from radiolabeled substrate in low-throughput assays, while Scintillation Proximity Assay (SPA) or FlashPlate assays can be used for high-throughput assays. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • The first molecule ("ligand") is normally immobilized on the gold surface of the SPRi-chip and can then capture the molecule of interest ("analyte") contained in the sample (e.g. blood, serum, urine). (labion.eu)
  • Improving the photostability of small molecule fluorophores using chemistry is a straightforward method for increasing the photon budget. (janelia.org)
  • Small-molecule fluorophores, such as fluorescein and rhodamine derivatives, are critical tools in modern biochemical and biological research. (janelia.org)
  • Taking advantage of small changes in the refractive index of the gold surface illuminated by a laser, the SPRi can directly measure the interaction between the two molecules. (labion.eu)
  • iFOUR Dispensing System of M24You is an automatic instrument for handling of small amounts of chemical or biological solutions or suspensions. (labion.eu)
  • Matilda's early career was spent working in CNS therapeutic areas where her research focussed on design strategies for getting small molecule therapeutics across the blood brain barrier. (rsc.org)
  • The infrastructures of the Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry constitute an updated technological platform for the study of small molecules and/or biotechnological processes related to the production of functional molecules. (cnr.it)
  • The Institute has a proven experience in analyzing, preparing and evaluating the biological properties of small organic molecules. (cnr.it)
  • Microfluidic systems provide numerous advantages for single cell analysis: economies of scale, parallelization and automation, and increased sensitivity and precision that comes from small volume reactions. (justia.com)
  • The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the standards of care, G-CSF alone or G-CSF with plerixafor, also a CXCR4 antagonist. (bvsalud.org)
  • In an attempt to fully automate this labor-intensive type of testing, scientists and engineers have begun to devise simple-to-use bioanalytical devices called biochips (sometimes described as laboratories on chips), which allows one to carry out hundreds of these assays simultaneously, using very small amounts of material. (uchicago.edu)
  • A small concentration of these oligomers are derivatized with the benzoquinones which can later undergo the Diels Alder reaction. (uchicago.edu)
  • The enhanced analytical sensitivity of our assay enables measurements of small molecules at extremely low concentrations, and opens a window into biological phenomena that were previously unreachable," said senior author David Walt, Ph.D., a Core Faculty member of the Wyss Institute who is also the Hansjörg Wyss Professor of Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and Professor of Pathology at BWH, as well as an HHMI Professor. (harvard.edu)
  • Two small molecules that are important for normal human body function were analyzed: cortisol and PGE2. (harvard.edu)
  • Fields such as medical diagnostics and cellular biology would benefit greatly from a technology that enables rapid, quantitative and reproducible assays for many targets within a single sample. (illinois.edu)
  • Particle-enhanced assays are based on the reaction between a soluble analyte and the corresponding antigen or antibody bound to polystyrene particles. (cdc.gov)
  • molecular biologists, microbiologists, biochemists) and as a SUPPLIER OF MOLECULES (chemicals) for applied research and support to the European industry in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, agro-food and cosmetic fields. (cnr.it)
  • BioChemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms of biological phenomena. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • This shows the importance of using CDs to detect nTyr and further use it for biological applications to detect diseased states. (trentu.ca)
  • The assay can detect ~3 µM of ATP in a 100 µL reaction volume with minimal interference from ADP and AMP. (aatbio.com)
  • A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to rapidly detect the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV). (cdc.gov)
  • The real-time RT-PCR assay was more sensitive than a conventional RT-PCR assay or culture isolation and proved suitable to detect SARS-CoV in clinical specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • This assay is based on the reaction originally described by Griess to detect NO 2 - in a variety of biological fluids such as cell culture medium, plasma, serum, or urine. (ozbiosciences.com)
  • Among different kinase assays that have been developed to detect the activity of specific kinases in cells, radiometric assays have long been considered the "gold standard" assay format. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • After having added sample and buffers and loaded the cartridge into the instrument, in just 90 minutes Ella gives us highly reproducible validated assay data with no manual steps. (labion.eu)
  • We first developed an AMPAR antagonist DART, with validation in cultured neuronal assays, in slices of mouse dorsal striatum, and in behaving mice. (janelia.org)
  • The philosophy of the Ellervik group is focused on using carbohydrates in a smart way to reach biological goals. (lu.se)
  • The role of carbohydrates in biological systems is complex and carbohydrates are known to be vital in highly sophisticated signaling and transportation systems. (lu.se)
  • High concentrations of viral RNA of up to 100 million molecules per milliliter were found in sputum. (scienceopen.com)
  • Can the 'standard deviation' or the assay itself be calculated from these data, as if they were direct, repeated measurements? (physicsforums.com)
  • Luminescence test measurements are conducted using an assay module having integrated electrodes with a reader apparatus adapted to receive assay modules, induce luminescence, preferably electrode induced luminescence, in the wells or assay regions of the assay modules and measure the induced luminescence. (patsnap.com)
  • cytokine quantitation is thus important in fundamental biological studies and diagnostics, and complex and overlapping cytokine roles make multiplexed measurements especially vital. (illinois.edu)
  • Chemical studies typically involve measurements of large ensembles of molecules with data representing averages. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • Countless biological processes allow cells to develop, survive, and proliferate. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • BioChemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • BioChemistry focuses on understanding the chemical basis which allows biological molecules to give rise to the processes that occur within living cells and between cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of tissues and organs, as well as organism structure and function. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • In conclusion, modification of in vitro cell culture assays to include co-incubation with microsomes enhances identification of prohaptens and allows them to be clearly distinguished from haptens. (cdc.gov)
  • Application of this assay will aid in diagnosing SARS-CoV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • A variety of RT-PCR assays were developed during the epidemic for SARS-CoV ( 1 , 5 - 8 ), including a commercial ready-to-use RT-PCR kit (Artus Biotech, Hamberg, Germany). (cdc.gov)
  • In response to the SARS public health emergency, we developed and evaluated a TaqMan real-time RT-PCR assay based on three distinct targets in the SARS-CoV genome for rapid deployment to the National Laboratory Response Network for Bioterrorism (LRN) ( http://www.cdc.gov/programs/bio.htm ). (cdc.gov)
  • Teaching old dyes new tricks: biological probes built from fluoresceins and rhodamines. (janelia.org)
  • Existing methods for measuring transcript levels in single cells include RT-qPCR (1), single molecule counting using digital PCR (2) or hybridization probes (3, 4), and next generation sequencing (5). (justia.com)
  • This example assumes the simplest case of a reaction with one substrate and one product. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such cases exist: for example, a mutase such as phosphoglucomutase catalyses the transfer of a phospho group from one position to another, and isomerase is a more general term for an enzyme that catalyses any one-substrate one-product reaction, such as triosephosphate isomerase . (wikipedia.org)
  • Beyond this limit the enzyme is saturated with substrate and the reaction rate ceases to increase. (wikipedia.org)
  • PhosphoWorks™ Colorimetric ATP Assay Kit is based on a serial ATP-induced enzyme coupled reactions to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is spectrophotometrically quantified with our Amplite® Red Substrate at OD 570 nm. (aatbio.com)
  • In addition, Prof. Mrksich and Kron chose a special substrate (the unreactive material making up most of the surface of the biochip where the reaction takes place) for the chip, oligo-ethylene glycol derivatives, which resists non-specific interactions with the chip. (uchicago.edu)
  • This assay is the only format that directly detects the true product without any special substrate labeling or modification. (kinasebiotech.com)
  • A variant of the real-time format, based on TaqMan probe hydrolysis technology (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), has been shown to provide sensitive, specific, and quantifiable results in viral diagnostic assays ( 9 ) and has been used successfully to study emerging virus infections ( 10 , 11 ), including SARS ( 6 , 12 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Maurits de Koning, Ph.D., a scientist at DDL Diagnostic Laboratory discussed his company's efforts at validating a human papilloma virus genotyping assay. (genengnews.com)
  • Methods for carrying out the assays with the disclosed analytical test device are also provided. (patsnap.com)
  • Ribozymes also perform a more limited set of reactions, although their reaction mechanisms and kinetics can be analysed and classified by the same methods. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, the invention relates to microfluidic devices and their uses and methods for assaying cells. (justia.com)
  • METHODS: The plasma levels of soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) before and after G-CSF administration in humans and male C57BL/6J mice were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Vilsmeier-Haack and Mannich reactions have also been investigated as possible methods of introducing the desired peptide-like functionality. (ru.ac.za)
  • In particular, we have developed methods for the stereoselective incorporation of the 1,2,4-dithiazolidine-3,5-dione (Dts imide) moiety into molecules as a masked isocyanate equivalent. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The methods used often employ a metal or organic catalyst to allow the reaction of interest to proceed. (nicb.ie)
  • It provides an ensemble of high quality solutions, which are analyzed with clustering methods and display a hierarchical structure highlighting distinct parameter subspaces with biological interpretations. (lu.se)
  • In unsupervised methods, providing explanatory insights into addition, we predict the response of the system when varying the data and related biological interpretations. (lu.se)
  • The present invention provides an analytical test device for conducting assays of biological fluids. (patsnap.com)
  • Advances in fluorescence microscopy promise to unlock details of biological systems with high spatiotemporal precision. (janelia.org)
  • Immunoassay precision is defined as the reproducibility between wells within an assay (intra-assay) and between assays (inter-assay). (stratech.co.uk)
  • By sensing molecules previously undetectable within an hour, they open entirely new approaches to diagnostics and clinical monitoring that should greatly improve human health. (harvard.edu)
  • 4. the parameters that are returned are the so-called 'potency', which mathematically corresponds to the abscissa of the inflection point (KA in the Wiki article), the Hill slope (n) and the maximal %R (because Rmax is often defined based on a standard, independently from the individual molecule tested, so the asymptotic %R at the right plateau of the curve can often be different from 100%, greater or smaller). (physicsforums.com)
  • Because for instance one day I can get a very good potency for a certain molecule, I make decisions on what to do next, and when the molecule is retested for confirmation after a few weeks, I find that the potency has become much worse, and my plans were all wrong. (physicsforums.com)
  • Effective use of hierarchical lines of evidence relies on consideration of the rele- vance and potency of assays, organization of assays by mode of action, and better assay validation. (cdc.gov)
  • Conversely, real-time RT-PCR assays based on detecting and quantifying a fluorescent signal generated during amplification do not require postamplification processing and therefore eliminate one potential avenue for template contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • The fewer the number of fluorescent wells, the fewer labeled target molecules are bound to the beads, and thus the greater the concentration of the unlabeled target molecule present in the sample. (harvard.edu)
  • These assays are performed on a Behring Nephelometer for quantitative CRP determination. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus temporally increased cell permeability enables extracellular molecules with otherwise hampered transmembrane transport to enter the cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The aim of this course is to apply the basic knowledge gained in Biochemistry (CHEM 361) course to specific metabolic reactions and certain physiologically important biomolecules. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • On the other hand we also assay the nutrients such as glucose, ammonia, phosphorus and protease during the fermentation. (ukessays.com)
  • Early assays based on conventional designs that required postamplification product processing (e.g., gel electrophoresis), were time-consuming and prone to false-positive results from amplicon contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • The reaction of various salicylaldehyde derivatives with tert-butyl acrylate In the presence of 1,4- diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) has afforded a series of Baylis-Hillman adducts in moderate yield. (ru.ac.za)
  • Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Cortisol is widely used to evaluate the function of the adrenal, pituitary, and hypothalamus glands, while PGE2 is a hormone-like prostaglandin molecule that influences inflammation, fertility, and immune function. (harvard.edu)
  • Nitration of Tyr was carried out in the presence of sodium nitrite and hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by either Cu(II) or Fe(III) to mimic biological reactions and CDs were tested as both inhibitors and indicators of Tyr nitration. (trentu.ca)
  • In biological systems, the electrons are often associated with hydrogen atoms. (studylib.net)
  • The efficiency sential y uniform after whole-body izing (i.e. removing electrons from) in causing damage and subsequent exposure to being highly heteroge- atoms or molecules of the medium biological effects is related not only neous in the case of non-uniform to the amount of energy transferred being traversed. (who.int)
  • The assay performance behind that data includes sub-picogram level sensitivity, with high reproducibility. (labion.eu)
  • Despite the requirement for a number of transcription factors and secreted signalling molecules in sex determination, intracellular signalling components functioning in this process have not been defined. (plos.org)
  • In this area, we have developed a methodology for the incorporation of protected isocyanates into organic molecules and this chemistry is being applied to the synthesis of a diverse set of biologically important, nitrogen-containing heterocycles. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • My teaching activities cover all aspects of organic chemistry from basic structure and bonding in organic molecules, to complex organic synthesis. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, host CCL5 can obviously work as an anticancer molecule to mount relevant immune responses against some cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • A drug whose structure is related to that of another drug but whose chemical and biological properties may be quite different. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • The first method uses magnetic microbeads coated with the target molecule as the competitor, while the second method attaches the target molecule to the enzyme beta-galactosidase, which then binds to the magnetic beads to form the competitor complex. (harvard.edu)
  • The virus was isolated in cell culture, and a sequence 300 nucleotides in length was obtained by a polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based random-amplification procedure. (scienceopen.com)
  • ATP also serves as a signaling molecule for cell communication and plays an important role in DNA and RNA synthesis. (aatbio.com)
  • The devices may further include auxiliary chambers integrated with the cell capture chamber for subsequent processing and assaying of the contents of a captured cell. (justia.com)
  • However, the vast majority of biological knowledge has emerged as a consequence of studying cell populations and not individual cells. (justia.com)
  • The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • My research interests are in the study of the basis and function of the heterogeneity of enzyme molecules and its role within the cell. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • Expression of the adhesion molecule CD54 (ICAM-1) and the antigen presenting cell costimulatory molecule CD40 were also significantly elevated in both hapten and prohapten (+ S9) treated cells, however S9 alone also upregulated CD54. (cdc.gov)
  • Superficial blisters in pemphigus foliaceus are induced by immunoglobulin G (IgG) (mainly IgG4 subclass) autoantibodies directed against a cell adhesion molecule, desmoglein 1 (160 kd), expressed mainly in the granular layer of the epidermis. (medscape.com)
  • This analysis discriminates between different biological mechanisms to achieve a transient signal from a sustained TGF-b input, where one mechanism is to use a negative feedback to turn the signal off. (lu.se)
  • responsible for many different biological functions, in- 1. (lu.se)
  • Chemical Synthesis is an area of research in Chemistry that focuses on the development of new preparative/synthetic reaction methodologies for accessing molecules of interest. (nicb.ie)
  • The assay is based upon an absorbance shift (330 nm - 360 nm) that occurs when 2-amino-6-mercapto-7methylpurine ribonucleoside (MESG) is catalytically converted to 2-amino-6-mercapto-7-methylpurine in the presence of inorganic phosphate (Pi). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • The system may include, among others, an integrated membrane fabricated from a chemically inert material whose permeability for gases, liquids, cells, and specific molecules, etc. can be selected for optimum results in a desired application. (patsnap.com)
  • Single cells represent a fundamental biological unit. (justia.com)
  • Describe the major biochemical molecules found in living cells. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. (uwinnipeg.ca)
  • Flow cytometry data demonstrated a consistent dose-dependent increase of surface expression of the Tcell costimulatory molecule CD86 when cells were dosed with a hapten or prohapten in the presence of S9. (cdc.gov)