Bioactive moleculesImmunoprecipitationUbiquitinCyclicSensorTranscriptionTumorSubstratesVirusesGeneToxicMolecularCellSmallFunctionsPresenceSurfaceWaterPolymeraseNucleic acidsProteinTRNAArginineExtensivelyCellularBacterialModificationsStrandsDegradationVivoSerumProteinsTerminalResponsesTranscriptionComplexActivitySingleHumanDoubleHighRate
Bioactive molecules1
- In order to exploit the pharmacological potential of natural bioactive molecules with low water solubility, such as curcumin, it is necessary to develop formulations, such as amorphous polymer dispersions, which allow a constant release rate and at the same time avoid possible toxicity effects of the crystalline form of the molecule under scrutiny. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Immunoprecipitation1
- High-throughput sequencing refers to the use of antibody immunoprecipitation or chemical methods to accurately locate the site of m7G modification in RNA. (beds.ac.uk)
Ubiquitin2
- Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
- Activated ubiquitin is then transferred to the active cysteine of E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. (molcells.org)
Cyclic2
- This molecule consists of a cyclic hexapeptide core containing the repetition of the D-Ala-L-Lys motif. (cnrs.fr)
- This channel is activated by signalling molecules inside cells, called 'cyclic nucleotides', and its activity ultimately leads to calcium ions flowing into the sperm cell's tail. (elifesciences.org)
Sensor1
- Here we demonstrate that microbial small RNAs (msRNA) are enriched on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and drive pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion via activation of the RNA sensor toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8). (biomed.news)
Transcription1
- NF-κB is a transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in the highly specific pattern of gene expression observed for immune, inflammatory and acute phase response genes, including interleukin 1, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor and certain cell adhesion molecules. (justia.com)
Tumor1
- The navigators target specific tumor cells and the small molecules enter tumor cells to kill them. (genemedi.com)
Substrates1
- A method based on atomic force microscopy is used to delineate the properties that determine single-molecule adhesion onto solid substrates in aqueous environment. (cipsm.de)
Viruses1
- RNA is the genetic material in some viruses. (bankofbiology.com)
Gene4
- Risperidone-induced weight gain is associated with a number of factors, including gene polymorphisms ( 12 - 14 ), exercise ( 15 - 17 ), peripheral molecules ( 18 ), and hyperphagia caused by regulating the expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) ( 19 - 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
- With the accurate identification of m7G modifications within RNAs, their functional roles in the regulation of gene expression and different physiological functions have been revealed. (beds.ac.uk)
- Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence of the gene, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA modifications. (beds.ac.uk)
- The detection of RNA modifications is fundamental to the study of m7G modifications in the regulation of gene expression. (beds.ac.uk)
Toxic2
- First, we used a higher dose of reducing agent (TCEP) and small toxic molecule (vcmmae) to ensure the success of coupling. (genemedi.com)
- These biological nanopores have been designed to protect the interior of the bacterial cell from leakage of toxic compounds while selectively allowing the entry of the molecules needed for cell growth and function. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Molecular2
- Molecular formula of common RNA modifications. (beds.ac.uk)
- Here we present a theoretical framework for analysing the filter of general porins in relation to translocating molecules with the aid of enhanced molecular simulations quantitatively. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Cell4
- Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) is an important molecule located at the inner leaflet of cell membrane, where it serves as anchoring sites for a cohort of membrane-associated molecules and as a broad-reaching signaling intermediate. (ebsco.com)
- Competitive antagonism of TLR8 with non-targeting locked nucleic acids was found to prevent native LDL-induced macrophage polarization in vitro, and re-organize lesion macrophage phenotypes in vivo, as determined by single-cell RNA sequencing. (biomed.news)
- Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Glutamate Receptor, Ionotropic, N Methyl D Aspartate 2A in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (kits-elisa.com)
- Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Glutamate Receptor, Ionotropic, N Methyl D Aspartate 2C in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. (kits-elisa.com)
Small3
- Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a new generation of therapeutic drugs, consisting of antibodies, small molecule drugs (payloads), and linkers connecting antibodies and payloads. (genemedi.com)
- The results show that when the equivalent of reducing agent TCEP is 0.4 and 1.5, the results do not have regularity, which may be caused by the limited opening of disulfide bond and the limited coupling of small molecules. (genemedi.com)
- Lane4-7: Antibodies were treated with different equivalents of reductant (TCEP) and then added with different equivalents of conjugated small molecules (MMAE). (genemedi.com)
Functions1
- The C3-symmetric molecule has been previously shown to mimic CD40 ligand (CD40L) homotrimers and to display effector functions. (cnrs.fr)
Presence2
- An efficient continuous flow process for the macrolactonization of seco acids and diacids using diols in the presence of Mukaiyama reagent ( N -methyl-2-chloropyridinium iodide) has been developed for medium to large sized macrocyclic lactones. (ebsco.com)
- The presence of the molecules within the rock and their absence on its surface ruled out Earth contamination. (mathisfunforum.com)
Surface1
- The heparin binding property of endostatin is mediated by noncontiguous arginines clustered over the three dimensional globular surface of the molecule (Sasaki et al. (justia.com)
Water2
- 44 The obtained enthalpy represents the sum of interaction energies, which prevent water molecules from desorption or evaporation. (researchgate.net)
- They can include interactions between SOM and water and also interaction between water molecules within the SOM structure at larger water contents. (researchgate.net)
Polymerase3
- We present the first comprehensive analysis of RNA polymerase III (Pol III) transcribed genes in ten yeast genomes. (bvsalud.org)
- The ReViTA system uses a plasmid with a control sequence, the promoter region of the studied gene, the transcription factor of interest, and an RNA polymerase saturated with σ70. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
- This is required for resolving RNA-DNA hybrids created by RNA polymerase II, that form R-loop in transcription terminal regions, an important step in proper transcription termination (PubMed:26700805). (assaygenie.com)
Nucleic acids5
- [ 49 ] Additional chemical modifications include 2'- O -methyl modifications and locked nucleic acids. (medscape.com)
- Most encapsulations of siRNA in delivery vehicles depend on the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged nucleic acids and the cationic molecules that protect the RNAi payload from serum nucleases. (medscape.com)
- In some aspects ELP compositions may be used to deliver therapeutic nucleic acids, polypeptides of small molecules. (justia.com)
- A central feature of information transfer between nucleic acids, whether it be replication, transcription, or reverse transcription, is the involvement of the nucleic acid as a template to direct the assembly of new chains with related nucleotide sequences. (nih.gov)
- Nevertheless, proteins are critical participants in the processes that transfer information between nucleic acids and subsequently to proteins as well. (nih.gov)
Protein5
- Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
- For instance, an ELP composition may comprise an ELP domain covalently linked to a small molecule or an ELP linked to a therapeutic polypeptide by a peptide bond (i.e. an ELP fusion protein). (justia.com)
- LECTURE NOTES FOR GENE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION May 17, 1990 Maxine F. Singer NOT FOR PUBLICATION Do Not Quote or Reproduce without Permission Adapted from Dealing with Genes by Paul Berg and Maxine Singer Publication expected 1990/1991 University Science Books, Mill Valley, California I. MOLECULES CONVEY INFORMATION Three kinds of molecules are central to genetic processes: DNA, RNA and protein. (nih.gov)
- Fundamentally, information flows in one direction, from DNA to RNA to protein. (nih.gov)
- RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
TRNA3
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) is present at tens of millions of transcripts in a human cell and is the most abundant RNA in moles among all cellular RNAs. (nih.gov)
- tRNA is also the most extensively modified RNA with, on an average, 13 modifications per molecule. (nih.gov)
- A systematic 'p-distance tree' using the 60 variable positions of the tRNA molecule revealed that most tDNAs cluster into amino acid-specific sub-trees, suggesting that, within hemiascomycetes, orthologous tDNAs are more closely related than paralogs. (bvsalud.org)
Arginine1
Extensively1
- [ 64 ] Liposomes can fuse with cellular membranes and deliver their cargo into the cell membrane and thus have been used extensively to deliver small molecule drugs into cells. (medscape.com)
Cellular1
- Metabolic channeling offers unique opportunities for enhancing and regulating cellular biochemistry and major advantage of such spatial organization is the transfer of biosynthetic intermediates between catalytic sites without diffusion into the bulk phase of the cell [14]. (scirp.org)
Bacterial1
- Analysis of decoding strategies showed that yeasts close to S.cerevisiae use bacterial decoding rules to read the Leu CUN and Arg CGN codons, in contrast to all other known Eukaryotes. (bvsalud.org)
Modifications1
- There are several chemical modifications that can be performed on the siRNA molecules with little loss of gene silencing activity. (medscape.com)
Strands1
- this is the most common stabilizing modification for both strands of the siRNA molecules. (medscape.com)
Degradation1
- The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
Vivo1
- Fluorogenic sensors capable of selective interaction with analyte, which leads to a change in the position or intensity of the fluorescence band, allow to detect ions or molecules in situ and in vivo and possess high sensitivity and efficiency. (intechopen.com)
Serum2
- The siRNA molecules are extremely unstable in plasma due to serum nucleases, with a half-life of minutes. (medscape.com)
- siRNA molecules can be protected from serum nucleases by encapsulation or complexation of naked (or chemically modified) siRNAs to form a nanoparticle that acts as a delivery vehicle. (medscape.com)
Proteins3
- The information in a gene, a portion of a DNA molecule, is expressed first via the intermediary formation of a copy of DNA in the form of the related nucleic acid RNA (transcription), which in turn directs the production of specific proteins ( trans- lation). (nih.gov)
- One type of RNA (messenger RNA) is translated into proteins as described in Figure 1. (nih.gov)
- Other kinds of RNA are involved in the chemical processes whereby cells manufacture proteins (Table 1). (nih.gov)
Terminal1
- UvrD/REP helicase N-terminal domain, UvrD-like helicase C-terminal domain, DNA helicase IV / RNA helicase N terminal [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Responses2
- Polyfunctional sensors capable of independent detection of two or more kinds of "guests" from a multiple mixture of cations, anions, or molecules due to specific spectral responses via the same or different channels constitute a rapidly developing area of chemosensory science. (intechopen.com)
- In murine macrophages, regulation of iNOS expression is governed predominantly by the transcription factor NF-κB, which is expressed ubiquitously and is essential for the inducible expression of genes associated with immune and inflammatory responses (e.g., cytokines, adhesion molecules, antioxidant enzymes) (for review, see Refs. (aai.org)
Transcription3
- Information can occasionally also flow from RNA back into DNA by a process called reverse transcription. (nih.gov)
- After the promoters were incubated with the transcription factors, the plasmid was transcribed into RNA and reverse transcribed to cDNA. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
- Methylates histone H3 'Arg-8', which may repress transcription. (assaygenie.com)
Complex1
- Polypeptide delivery vehicles of the invention generally comprise an elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) in complex with a therapeutic molecule. (justia.com)
Activity1
- Fragment library screening, followed by structure-guided chemical elaboration of hits, led to the rapid development of drug-like molecules with potent in vitro TrmD inhibitory activity. (bvsalud.org)
Single1
- File: Afm, Node: Top, Up: (chmdoc/commands.doc), Next: Syntax The AFM Module of CHARMM By Emanuele Paci, 1997/2000 AFM is an external perturbation designed to pull macromolecules mimicking single molecule experiments (AFM or LOT). (nih.gov)
Human1
- The DNAs in human chromosomes are long linear molecules when stretched out. (nih.gov)
Double2
- Double strand strips mark the siRNAs molecules. (medscape.com)
- Double helical DNA molecules are long, flexible, threadlike structures, with a nearly constant diameter, regardless of the order of the four nucleotides. (nih.gov)
High1
Rate1
- We achieved this goal by engineering more favorable electrostatic interactions between a functional oxidase model designed in sperm whale myoglobin and its native redox partner, cyt b5, resulting in a 400-fold electron transfer (ET) rate enhancement. (ward-lab.ch)