Molecule anions. Medical search. Frequent questions

What is the Difference Between a Cation and an Anion? (worldatlas.com)
Anion emission from molecular species following cation impact. (atomki.hu)
Two-and many-body effects in cation emission from H2O molecules by O+ impact at keV energies: Similarities between ionization of atoms and proton emission from molecules. (atomki.hu)
The other is composed of two NKE protons and one NKE positron, called dark hydrogen molecule cation. (physicsessays.org)
They are so named because the Hamiltonians of them can correspond to those of the hydrogen anion and hydrogen molecule cation. (physicsessays.org)
In evaluating the dark hydrogen molecule cation, the famous Born-Oppenheimer approximation does not apply, i.e., the NKE of the protons cannot be neglected. (physicsessays.org)
The mol-ecule has an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond between the ammonium cation and the hydro-phosphate anion. (iucr.org)

These opposing charges, also called electrostatic attraction, often result in ionic bonds between the atoms or molecules. (worldatlas.com)
Either one or several atoms and molecules may form an anion. (worldatlas.com)
However, when it is formed by two or more atoms or molecules, then it is a polyatomic anion. (worldatlas.com)
molecule - a group of atoms that have chemically bonded and behave as an individual unit. (gpb.org)
A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule with distinctive chemical properties , regardless of the other atoms in the molecule. (wikipedia.org)
The atoms in a functional group are linked to each other and to the rest of the molecule by covalent bonds . (wikipedia.org)
Plus, when functional groups are more electronegative than atoms they attach to, the functional groups will become polar, and the otherwise nonpolar molecules containing these functional groups become polar and so become soluble in some aqueous environment. (wikipedia.org)
Tautomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different arrangements of atoms or bonds. (scienceinschool.org)
But recently, experts have begun to argue that negatively charged molecules with hydrogen atoms, such as a bisulfate-composed of hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen-can also form viable chemical bonds. (labmanager.com)
These anions are best produced by "resonance" charge exchange from atoms in high Rydberg states (Rydberg electron transfer, RET). (tennessee.edu)

We describe here a single-molecule photodiode. (osti.gov)
Scientists from the University of Ottawa have invented a unique method to create better molecule-based magnets, known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs). (phys.org)
In this study, we describe new approaches of subunit labeling for single-molecule imaging, applied to determine the TERT content of complexes assembled in cells or cell extract. (elifesciences.org)
Overall, this work defines human telomerase DNA binding and synthesis properties at single-molecule level and establishes conserved telomerase subunit architecture from single-celled organisms to humans. (elifesciences.org)
The team aims to use these and related supramolecules as single-molecule information storage devices. (acs.org)

Collisional formation of hydrogen anion and cations from H-containing molecular species. (atomki.hu)
One consists of two NKE positrons and one NKE proton, called dark hydrogen anion. (physicsessays.org)

During the 1970s, stannanes rapidly took the spotlight as building blocks in the field of organic synthesis mainly because of their use as reagents in the Stille reaction, which remains essential for chemists to combine various organic molecules. (titech.ac.jp)
In simpler terms, this means that if you have an aryl fluoride or halide (an organic molecule with a fluorine or halide group, respectively), it is easy to set up a reaction that substitutes the fluorine or halide group with a stannyl group. (titech.ac.jp)
The development of new organic receptors for the detection of anions is of key interest to supramolecular chemists owing to the biological and environmental importance of anions [1-7] . (beilstein-journals.org)
In organic chemistry , a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions . (wikipedia.org)
When some chemists in Britain (Ingold & Hughes) and Germany (Meerwein) in the 1920s and 1930s started detailed studies of how chemical reactions between organic molecules took place it, however, became apparent that positively charged hydrocarbons - what chemists call "carbocations" - actually could occur as very short lived (lifetimes of microseconds to nanoseconds) intermediates in the reactions. (nobelprize.org)
Olah has also shown how basic knowledge on superacids and carbocations can be applied to the facile synthesis of new and important organic compounds and that a number of small organic molecules, with widespread use as starting material in many large scale synthesis, can be produced in a simple and inexpensive way using superacids as catalysts. (nobelprize.org)
Analyze smaller organic molecules, including nucleotides and organic acids, quickly and efficiently with Thermo Scientific™ Hypersil™ GOLD SAX LC Columns. (fishersci.com)
A range of methodologies was used by the participating groups in order to evaluate the ability of the current computational methods to predict the crystal structures of the six organic molecules chosen as targets for this blind test. (iucr.org)
Here we investigated inhibition of this enzyme with (in)organic simple and complex anions, in the search of inhibitors with potential applications. (bvsalud.org)

The FHA cycle is active inside the cell, detoxifying superoxide anion radicals (O2·-), which are mainly generated as a result of so-called 'electron leakage' to triplet oxygen (O2) in photosynthetic, mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and probably other electron transport chains (Ozyigit et al. (deepdyve.com)

Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysis is the electrolysis of water that utilises a semipermeable membrane that conducts hydroxide ions (OH−) called an anion exchange membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The ions with a net positive charge are called cations whereas those with net negative charge are anions. (worldatlas.com)
Another difference between the two ions is that anions have more electrons than protons while the cations have more protons than electrons. (worldatlas.com)
Anion emission from H2O molecules colliding with positive O+ ions at keV energies: The role of dissociative excitation. (atomki.hu)
Anion emission from water molecules colliding with positive ions: Identification of binary and many-body processes. (atomki.hu)
The anion binding process follows a first order rate equation and the calculated rate constants reveal a higher order of reactivity for AcO − ions. (beilstein-journals.org)
In this thesis, we will talk about the design and implementation of a novel apparatus to investigate the excited-state dissociation dynamics of mass-selected ion-molecule clusters by mass-resolving and detecting photofragments: fragment ions and neutrals. (unl.edu)
Due to their ion-extraction properties, the molecules could potentially be used to remove sulfate ions from the process used to transform nuclear waste into storable solids-a method called vitrification, which is harmed by these ions-as well as to extract harmful phosphate ions from the environment. (labmanager.com)
Hydrogen chloride dissociates readily in water to chloride and hydronium ions (an ion is an electrically charged atom or molecule), which ultimately lowers the pH of the water (makes it more acidic). (cdc.gov)
If released to soil, hydrogen chloride will evaporate from dry soil surfaces and dissociate into chloride anions and hydronium ions in moist soil. (cdc.gov)
Thanks to the numerous combinations of cations and anions, as well as the ability of inheriting properties from the parent ions, Ils are believed to be a promising industrial material. (bvsalud.org)

The binding of the guest anions and cations was probed by various electrochemical, spectrochemical and IH NMR spectroscopy techniques. (lboro.ac.uk)
Electron binding motifs in cluster anions of primary amides, (acetamide) n - and (propionamide) n - , were studied with photoelectron spectroscopy. (elsevierpure.com)
EPR spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that salinity (NaCl) triggers the accumulation of root apoplastic ascorbyl radicals in an A9C-dependent manner, confirming that l-ascorbate leaks through anion channels under depolarization. (deepdyve.com)

Oxygen evolution reactions (OER) need four electrons to produce one molecule of O2, consume multiple OH- anions, and form multiple adsorbed intermediates on the surface of the catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the ion centers act as active sites of the metallo-gallate complex that can donate electrons from the gallate ligands to ambient free oxygen molecules for the oxygen reduction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation 3 , after which the ligand field around iron center attenuates due to the electron loss from gallate 12 . (nature.com)
In water solutions, this substance is present as a monovalent anion, ascorbate- (Asc-), which easily donates electrons to oxidized molecules and scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). (deepdyve.com)

The leading role of anions such as fluoride, acetate and phosphate at the physiological level in promoting tooth and bone health, metabolism and genetic transduction has been well established [8-14] . (beilstein-journals.org)

In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule (see also: functional group) that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. (phys.org)
I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
The molecule, which the researchers call cyanostar, was developed in the lab of Amar Flood, an associate professor in the Department of Chemistry. (nsf.gov)
Increasing research interest on the selective and sensitive detection of anions has enriched the field of anion receptor chemistry with a wide array of design strategies [15-19] . (beilstein-journals.org)
Electron transfer is an important process in chemistry and biology, where an electron from an anion transfers to a neutral molecule and triggers a dissociation reaction. (unl.edu)
In this research project, we successfully developed several original methods (or synthetic small molecules) based on chemistry that allow for selective labeling and imaging target proteins under nearly natural conditions. (nii.ac.jp)
In molecular chemistry, two monomer molecules connected by a strong covalent bond are called a "dimer. (labmanager.com)

Silver nanocluster synthesis, or the binding of a silver atom to negatively charged anions, is often plagued by stability, sizing uniformity and surface composition issues. (phys.org)
Inspired by these observations, we became interested in exploring the synthesis applications of these theoretical photoexcited stannyl anion species,' explains Assistant Professor Yuki Nagashima, lead researcher from Tokyo Tech. (titech.ac.jp)
They found that the photoexcited stannyl species had unprecedented selectivity for the synthesis of various useful reagents that conventional stannyl anions could not easily produce. (titech.ac.jp)

Click molecule labels to explore molecular sequence information. (nih.gov)
The aim of the project was to extend the field of molecular recognition of anions and cations of biochemical, medical, chemical and environmental importance. (lboro.ac.uk)
This is an important development, as the simultaneous molecular trapping of anions and cations in such systems is seen as a possible alternative to the use of ion exchange resins. (lboro.ac.uk)
Molecular oxygen (O 2 ) combines with the enol-form of the luminol anion, oxidising it to a cyclic peroxide. (scienceinschool.org)
These include polarizability, molecular shape, and dispersion interactions of the excess electron with the molecule. (tennessee.edu)
The contributions from anions and cations from salt are inseparable in their perturbation of molecular systems by experimental and computational methods, rendering it difficult to dissect the effects exerted by the anions and cations individually. (lu.se)
Using molecular dynamics and the energy-representation theory of solvation, we estimate the solvation free energy of caffeine and decompose it into the contributions from anions, cations, and water. (lu.se)
We use protein solubility, static light scattering, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential measurements to understand the molecular mechanism for RC by polyvalent anions such as pyrophosphate (SPP) and tripolyphosphate (STPP), which have been studied to a smaller degree than the cations. (lu.se)

anion - a negatively charged ion. (gpb.org)
The two negatively charged molecules are connected by weak bonds made possible through encapsulation inside a pair of a star-shaped cyanostar macrocycles (blue), a molecule previously developed by Flood's lab at IU. (labmanager.com)
The study, which was published online Oct. 6 in the German scientific journal Angewandte Chemie International Edition , provides experimental proof for the existence of a chemical bond between two negatively charged molecules of bisulfate, or HSO 4 . (labmanager.com)
A negatively charged particle is an anion. (labmanager.com)

Functional groups can also be charged , e.g. in carboxylate salts (-COO − ), which turns the molecule into a polyatomic ion or a complex ion . (wikipedia.org)

In photoelectron spectra at the 355 nm excitation, the valence anion state having a band peak around 2.5 eV was observed to emerge with threshold sizes of n = 13 and 9 for acetamide and propionamide, respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
Formation of anions and cations via a binary-encounter process in OH+ + Ar collisions: The role of dissociative excitation and statistical aspects. (atomki.hu)
Illustration showing stannyl diradical species generated by photo-excitation of stannyl anions. (titech.ac.jp)
The apparatus includes the generation of the ion-molecule clusters in a source chamber, separation and selection of the parent ion-molecule cluster using a TOF mass spectrometer and mass filter, and detection of photofragments after laser excitation of ion-molecule clusters using linear-plus-quadratic reflectron mass spectrometer. (unl.edu)

also, when one molecule has a proton or protons that dissociate more readily than those of another (i.e., it has a higher K a ), the first is said to be the more acidic molecule. (learner.org)
A form of the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acidic molecule into a proton and its conjugate base. (learner.org)
L'un est constitué de deux positrons NKE et d'un proton NKE, appelé anion hydrogène noir. (physicsessays.org)

Thus temporally increased cell permeability enables extracellular molecules with otherwise hampered transmembrane transport to enter the cells. (hindawi.com)

for example, protein molecules are adsorbed onto the surface of particles of silica gel. (castlemalting.com)

This study demonstrates that TRPA1 activation can stimulate anion secretion via CFTR and CaCC, which potentially forming an appropriate microenvironment essential for sperm maturation, and aerobic exercises can reverse the downregulation of TRPA1 in the epididymal epithelium of obese rats. (bvsalud.org)

Comparing this structure with a substrate-bound structure of the uracil transporter UraA in an inward-facing conformation allowed us to identify the anion-binding position in the AE1(CTD), and to propose a possible transport mechanism that could explain why selected mutations lead to disease. (rcsb.org)
In agreement with previous findings, the perturbation by salt is mostly anion dependent, with the magnitude of the excluded-volume effect found to be the governing mechanism. (lu.se)
Some studies suggest that MRP6 stimulates the release of a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from cells through an unknown mechanism. (medlineplus.gov)

Here we investigate the solvation of a small molecule, caffeine, and its perturbation by monovalent salts from various parts of the Hofmeister series. (lu.se)

The receptor molecules studied included (i) ruthenium(II) trisbipyridyl complexes of acyclic, calix[4]arene and cyclic 2,2'-bipyridine ligands, (ii) the macrocycle Nphenylaza- 15-crown-5, and (iii) crown ether derivatives of diquat. (lboro.ac.uk)
This has been achieved by the electropolymerisation of vinyl-substituted ruthenium(Il) trisbipyridyl complexes or the immobilisation of receptor molecules in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix. (lboro.ac.uk)
Further experiments used a mutant form of the TERT protein that cannot interact with other TERT molecules and found that complexes that contain this mutant protein still have normal enzyme activity. (elifesciences.org)
The formation of the receptor-anion complexes has been supported by UV-vis titration studies and confirmed through binding constant calculations. (beilstein-journals.org)

The molecule's existence is made possible through encapsulation inside a pair of cyanostar macrocycles, a molecule previously developed by Flood's lab at IU . (labmanager.com)

Here, the dissociation of the ion-molecule cluster in the excited state is triggered by the electron transfer. (unl.edu)

Scripps Research chemists have extended a powerful molecule-building method-called C-H activation-to the broad class of chemicals known as alcohols. (phys.org)

Ligands for CD11a/CD18 are intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), ligands for CD11b/CD18 are complement C3bi and ICAMs, and ligands for CD11c/CD18 are C3bi and ICAMs. (medscape.com)

If the anion is formed by one atom, it is called a monoatomic anion. (worldatlas.com)

In a basic (alkaline) solution, luminol exists in equilibrium with its anion , which bears a charge of -2. (scienceinschool.org)

This was achieved by the use of a number of novel receptor molecules that are designed to bind anionic and cationic guests. (lboro.ac.uk)
With a view to producing spectrochemical and/or electrochemical sensor systems, work has been completed by the immobilisation of the novel receptor molecules. (lboro.ac.uk)

Through density functional theory calculations, the team determined that trimethyltin anion (Me 3 Sn), a model stannyl anion, has a special affinity for blue light, which energizes the molecule to an excited 'single' state. (titech.ac.jp)

AEM electrolysis is similar to alkaline water electrolysis, which uses a non-ion-selective separator instead of an anion-exchange membrane. (wikipedia.org)
during electrolysis, anions move to the positive electrode which is referred to as the anode, and cations migrate to the negative electrode called cathode. (worldatlas.com)

Static and dynamical effects of alkyl groups on the electron binding motifs are discussed in comparison with the previous study on formamide cluster anions. (elsevierpure.com)
We have carried out experiments on the CF3I∙I- ion-molecule cluster photoexcited by 266~nm UV femtosecond laser pulses to demonstrate the instrument performance. (unl.edu)

But the structural evidence we present in this paper shows two hydroxy anions can in fact be chemically bonded. (labmanager.com)

Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), also known as band 3 or SLC4A1, plays a key role in the removal of carbon dioxide from tissues by facilitating the exchange of chloride and bicarbonate across the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. (rcsb.org)
At room temperature, hydrogen chloride is a colorless to ` If released to soil, hydrogen chloride will evaporate from slightly yellow, corrosive, nonflammable gas that is heavier dry soil surfaces and dissociate into chloride anions and than air and has a strong irritating odor. (cdc.gov)

It had previously been suggested that TERT is only an active enzyme when it is bound to another TERT molecule, but Wu et al. (elifesciences.org)
Any molecule with a dipole moment above approximately 2.5 Debye can form a stable negative ion (dipole-bound anion). (tennessee.edu)
Dipole-bound anions for 32 molecules with dipole moments between 2.5 and 6.0 Debye have been studied. (tennessee.edu)
The excess electron in such an anion is very diffuse and weakly bound. (tennessee.edu)
One of the molecules studied has for one of its conformations a possible quadrupole-bound negative ion state. (tennessee.edu)

This decomposition reaction is favoured because the cyclic peroxide molecule is highly unstable, and the reaction involves breaking some weak bonds. (scienceinschool.org)

Carbon-neutral liquid fuels as defined by REFUEL are hydrogen-rich and made by converting molecules in the air (nitrogen or carbon dioxide) and hydrogen from water into an energy-carrying liquid using renewable power. (energy.gov)
The cyclic peroxide then decomposes to give 3-aminophthalate (3-amino-1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid) in an excited state, along with a molecule of nitrogen (N 2 ) - see Figure 3 , below. (scienceinschool.org)

These quaternary amine strong anion-exchange columns are highly stable for aqueous and low pH mobile phases. (fishersci.com)

Poll: Our readers have voted for their favorite molecule of 2020. (acs.org)

The scientists explored reactions between photoexcited stannyl anions and several compounds, including alkynes, aryl fluorides, and aryl halides. (titech.ac.jp)

Each iron center coordinates with the phenate and carboxylate oxygens of four gallate molecules through six Fe-O bonds 10 . (nature.com)

Hydrocarbons are a class of molecule that is defined by functional groups called hydrocarbyls that contain only carbon and hydrogen, but vary in the number and order of double bonds. (wikipedia.org)
Magnesium stearate is a salt that is produced when a magnesium ion bonds with two stearate molecules. (chriskresser.com)

However, a moiety is an entire "half" of a molecule, which can be not only a single functional group, but also a larger unit consisting of multiple functional groups. (wikipedia.org)

A collision process responsible for widespread formation of H- anions. (atomki.hu)

Basic proteins have a net positive charge and repel each other through long-range electrostatics when no counter anions are present. (lu.se)

On the other hand, the halogens and many other non-metals form anions. (worldatlas.com)
Their approach is based on the photoexcitation of stannyl anions, which alters their electronic state and increases their selectivity and reactivity to form useful compounds. (titech.ac.jp)
Stearate is just the anion form of stearic acid. (chriskresser.com)

During our studies involving stannyl anions, we occasionally detected small amounts of compounds called distannanes that were probably generated by the irradiation of stannyl anions with light. (titech.ac.jp)
This easy-to-induce progression from a stannyl anion to a stannyl radical in an excited 'triplet' state gives the stannyl species vastly different chemical properties, including enhanced reactivity and selectivity towards certain compounds. (titech.ac.jp)
Excited about the results, Prof. Nagashima remarks: 'Although many stannylation methods and reagents have been established over almost two centuries, our protocol using photoexcited anion species provides a new and complementary tool for preparing a wide range of organotin compounds. (titech.ac.jp)

Their remarkable ability to transport not only Cl-, but also signalling molecules or drugs, depends on their LRRC8 subunit composition. (europa.eu)

Histamine (4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1 H -imidazole, see Scheme 2 ) is a molecule that performs various functions in the body, the most important being the gastric acid secretion and the triggering of the symptoms of an allergic reaction such as vasodilatation, bronchoconstriction, bronchial muscle contraction, pain, and itching. (hindawi.com)
Intriguingly, the replacement of gluconate with ascorbate in the patch-clamp pipette reveals a large ascorbate efflux current, which shows sensitivity to the anion channel blocker, anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (A9C), indicative of the ascorbate release via anion channels. (deepdyve.com)

The salt effect cannot be described in terms of Debye screening, but involves the ion-specific sequestering of anions within the narrow channel. (lu.se)

or molecule), which ultimately lowers the pH of the water (makes it more acidic). (cdc.gov)
Anions and cations revealed high contrast in their perturbation of caffeine solvation, with the cations salting-in caffeine via binding to the polar ketone groups, while the anions were found to be salting-out via perturbations of water. (lu.se)

The initial lysozyme concentration (precipitation) occurs when the polyvalent anions STPP/SPP interact with solvent-exposed basic residues via electrostatics, which neutralize the long-range repulsive interactions between lysozyme molecules and allows protein cross-linking (precipitation) to take place. (lu.se)

Overall, these are very important physiological roles of AA relating this molecule exclusively to antioxidant functions. (deepdyve.com)

The first difference is that anions possess negative electrical charges while the cations have positive electrical charges. (worldatlas.com)

The grand aim is to develop the ability to reliably predict, by computational methods, how a molecule will crystallize in the solid state, with only the chemical diagram and the crystallization conditions known. (iucr.org)
A key part of Coulomb's law is the idea that two molecules with the same charge create a repellent force that prevents chemical bonding-like two magnets with the same end put into close contact. (labmanager.com)
A chest radiograph revealed left upper lobe consolidation ( Figure 1 , panel A). Blood chemical analysis revealed diabetic ketoacidosis (25.4 mmol/L glucose, 3.2 mmol/L K+, 6.0 mmol/L HCO 3 −, anion gap 27 mg/dL, and pH 7.0 venous blood gas). (cdc.gov)

the small number of targets in any one blind test introduces the possibility of a slightly easier or harder molecule (whose difficulty cannot be easily judged prior to commencement of the test) influencing the results. (iucr.org)

Anatomy26

Organisms12

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment36

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Cation7

Atoms10

Single-molecule5

Hydrogen anion2

Organic9

Superoxide anion1

Ions11

Spectroscopy3

Electrons3

Fluoride1

Chemistry7

Synthesis3

Molecular8

Negatively charged4

Polyatomic1

Excitation4

Proton3

Extracellular1

Protein molecules1

Study demonstrates1

Mechanism3

Monovalent1

Complexes4

Cyanostar1

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Chemists1

Ligands1

Atom1

Equilibrium1

Receptor2

Calculations1

Electrolysis2

Cluster2

Chemically bonded1

Chloride2

Bound5

Decomposition1

Nitrogen2

Stable1

20201

Alkynes1

Carboxylate1

Bonds2

Functional group1

Widespread1

Proteins1

Form3

Compounds3

Subunit1

Acid2

Debye1

Water2

Occurs1

Physiological1

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Small1