Molecular highly aggressive carcinoma oncogene fusion. Medical search. Frequent questions

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the seventh most frequently diagnosed tumor in adults in Europe and represents approximately 2.5% of cancer deaths. (cancerindex.org)
The molecular biology underlying renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development and progression has been a key milestone in the management of this type of tumor. (cancerindex.org)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. (hindawi.com)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of human malignancies, and its incidence appears to be increasing globally [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Here, in Part I, we describe areas where major inroads were initially achieved by targeting angiogenesis (central to the biology of renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular cancer) and by unraveling pathways in the heterogeneous tumors of mesenchymal origin-spurred by the identification of c-Kit-activating mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) and the regressions that ensued when tumors harboring these mutations were exposed to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec). (cancernetwork.com)
For instance, RUNX2 is involved in the progression of various tumor types, such as osteosarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, gastric cancer and breast cancer ( 15 - 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) one of the most common digestive system tumors, threatens the tens of thousands of people with high morbidity and mortality world widely. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy are not fully understood, recent work indicates that dysfunctional/impaired autophagic functions are associated with the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (hindawi.com)
utilizes a combination of high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization, short hairpin RNA inhibition of target genes at the locations of focal genomic deletions, and a primed cell mosaic mouse model to identify novel tumor suppressors in hepatocellular carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third most common cause of death from cancer [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, mice are able to reconstitute most lymphomas in monkeys and humans woodchuck hepatitis virus induces major components of the human provides strong support for a direct hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) haematolymphoid system including oncogenic role of EBV in vivo. (who.int)

The WHO has agreed to change the term for the tumors from Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm With Papillary-like Nuclear Features, or NIFTP. (wikipedia.org)
CREB3L1 knockdown dramatically attenuated invasion of ATC cells, whereas overexpression of CREB3L1 facilitated the invasion of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Tobacco and alcohol, which are highly associated with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, have not been shown to play a role in the development of malignancies of the salivary glands. (medscape.com)
LCL161, a SMAC-mimetic, Preferentially Radiosensitizes Human Papillomavirus-negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. (cityofhope.org)

Due to the heterogeneous nature of tumors, molecular profiling is crucial to our understanding of how genomics plays a role in the cause or development of an individual cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Solid tumors such as carcinomas of the lung, colon, breast, or prostate start in epithelial cells that line the surface of the bronchia, the intestinal mucosa, or the alveoli of fl uid secretion in the breast and prostate. (bbvaopenmind.com)
Yet, despite their tumor immunogenicity, patients with MMR-deficient tumors experience highly variable responses, and roughly half are refractory to treatment. (bvsalud.org)
In a cohort of head and neck tumors with low mutation burden, minimal immune infiltration and prevalent gene fusions, we also identified gene fusion-derived neoantigens that generate cytotoxic T cell responses. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, analyzing additional datasets of fusion-positive cancers, including checkpoint-inhibitor-treated tumors, we found evidence of immune surveillance resulting in negative selective pressure against gene fusion-derived neoantigens. (bvsalud.org)
Dr. Shen's long-term goals is to elucidate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and find better therapies for the aggressive and hard-to-treat tumors, such as pancreatic and lung cancers, by exploring the genetic and epigenetic alterations of cancer cells. (cityofhope.org)
Individuals with the same clinical diagnosis can have tumors with drastically different molecular profiles and clinical response to treatment. (stanford.edu)
Tumors that overcome such immune-mediated negative selection are more aggressive and demonstrate an "immune cold" phenotype. (stanford.edu)
However in women with a higher body mass index, these ERa positive tumors are larger at the time of diagnosis and are more clinically aggressive. (wisc.edu)
Molecular targeting agents have become formidable anticancer weapons, which show much promise against the refractory tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
To identify clinical and tumor molecular biomarkers associated with exceptional clinical response or resistance, we conducted an integrated clinical, exome, and transcriptome analysis of 41 primary tumors from LT ( n = 20) and ST ( n = 21) HGSOC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to clarify the molecular relationships among the spectrum of serous ovarian tumors, we compared gene expression profiles of 7 LMP and 28 invasive (moderate and poorly differentiated or Grade 2 and Grade 3) serous ovarian tumors with two different reference groups: 7 serous benign ovarian tumors and four normal whole ovary specimens. (biomedcentral.com)
7 It has been shown that miR-21 is a promoter of oncogenes and is highly expressed in several malignant tumors. (dovepress.com)
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and heterogeneous form of primary brain tumors, driven by a complex repertoire of oncogenic alterations, including the constitutively active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII). (cancer-genetics.org)

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is an extremely malignant type of endocrine cancer frequently accompanied by extrathyroidal extension or metastasis through mechanisms that remain elusive. (biomedcentral.com)

By definition, pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma refers to an epithelial neoplasm that secondarily involves the pleura and encases the lung, thereby simulating the radiologic and macroscopic appearance of malignant mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
A further conversion of the malignant tumor leads to the formation of highly motile and invasive cancer cells, and the recruitment of normal cells that act as helpers in tumor dissemination. (bbvaopenmind.com)
These data imply predictability in the earliest stages of tumorigenesis and show evolutionary constraints and barriers to malignant transformation, with implications for earlier detection and interception of aggressive, genome-instable tumours. (stanford.edu)
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but extremely malignant thyroid - cancer subtype. (biomedcentral.com)

The 'cancer platform' concept proposes that most oncogenic molecules also have the inherent ability to activate tumor suppressor genes or pathways through oncogene-induced apoptosis or senescence, thus limiting their oncogenic effects in a homeostatic fashion. (biomedcentral.com)

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common salivary gland malignancy in children. (medscape.com)

Excretory stem cells give rise to squamous cell and mucoepidermoid carcinomas, while intercalated stem cells give rise to pleomorphic adenomas, oncocytomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, adenocarcinomas, and acinic cell carcinomas. (medscape.com)
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from excretory duct cells, pleomorphic adenomas arise from the intercalated duct cells, oncocytomas arise from the striated duct cells, and acinic cell carcinomas arise from acinar cells. (medscape.com)
After therapy, the incidence of pleomorphic adenomas, mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas is increased. (medscape.com)
Here we analyze the association between the mutational signature of tobacco smoking, tumor mutational load, and metrics of immune activity in squamous cell carcinomas arising in the head and neck and lung. (bvsalud.org)
Deregulation of AKT-mTOR signaling contributes to chemoradiation resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma. (cityofhope.org)

He has discovered, detailed and scientifically described the exact mechanisms of radiation damage to human DNA on a molecular basis and explained why that damage causes cancer. (wikipedia.org)
For the refinement of RCC therapeutic strategies, a better realization of the RCC-underlying molecular mechanisms will be mandatory [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
The most significant developments contributing to our knowledge of vascular lesions stem from molecular biology, which provides new information on the molecular mechanisms controlling vascular growth and differentiation. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The focus of our research is on understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the activity of estrogen receptor (ER), a member of the nuclear receptor transcription factor family that is critical in normal reproduction and is implicated in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. (wisc.edu)
Aggressive tumor phenotypes can emerge through subtype changes and lineage plasticity as major mechanisms of treatment resistance in cancer. (sttrcancer.org)

Breast cancers are commonly divided into four molecular subtypes based on specific therapeutically actionable biomarkers and gene expression profiles 1 . (nature.com)
Recent studies reported microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early cancer detection, accurate prognosis, and molecular targets for future treatment. (hindawi.com)

In the present review we highlight the latest findings on EBVaGC from clinicopathological and molecular perspectives to provide a better understanding of EBV involvement in gastric carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition to accumulating more case series of EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC), the development of comprehensive molecular analyses has provided evidence that EBVaGC is a distinct subset both in terms of its clinicopathological and molecular features. (spandidos-publications.com)
We evaluated the relationship between STAS and patients' clinicopathological and molecular features. (biomedcentral.com)

Subsequent studies revealed that EBV caused a number of different human malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Hodgkin's lymphoma, extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type and lymphoproliferative disorders of immunocompromised hosts ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Persistent infection with H. pylori induces atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and subsequently leads to gastric malignancies including gastric carcinoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). (spandidos-publications.com)
These involve cellular and molecular biological experiments aimed at investigating the role of members of the multidrug transporter gene family in determining clinical outcome of the childhood cancer neuroblastoma and other malignancies. (edu.au)

Cancer biology has significantly benefited from the molecular-level detail provided by these tools, allowing elucidation of many perturbations underlying disease onset and progression. (nih.gov)
Thus PcG not only provides a molecular marker for monitoring disease progression of MDS, but also provides a clue for elucidating a molecular mechanism underlying the disease progression, which may help in the development of a new therapeutic strategy against MDS. (karger.com)
Our results suggest that tumor-derived exosomes may facilitate stromal fibroblasts an aggressive phenotype to equip the tumor progression. (dovepress.com)
2 , 3 Tumor cell-derived exosomes carry particular molecular components originated from donor cells to mediate tumorigenesis and drive tumor progression by regulating tumor microenvironment. (dovepress.com)

Library has been assembled using in house structural biology insight, molecular stimulation-modeling, virtual screening of ChemDiv's novel chemistries and medicinal chemistry filtering/ranking of the resulting hits. (chemdiv.com)
After that, he moved to Ulm of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, to complete his Ph.D. in the field of molecular cancer biology at University of Ulm. (cityofhope.org)
Our studies integrate molecular genetics, genomics, biochemistry and cell biology to address fundamental questions in virus replication and virus-cell interactions. (wisc.edu)

Wnt signaling is highly oncogenic to mammalian epithelia, and indeed comprises one of the main sources of human tumor initiation identified to date. (wisc.edu)
During the course of their studies, members of the Audhya laboratory demonstrated that two oncogenic fusion proteins, TFG-NTRK1 and TFG-ALK, created by distinct chromosomal translocation events, localize to subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum (sites of COPII vesicle formation) and dramatically upregulate ERK activity. (wisc.edu)

These changes include oncogene amplification, which frequently occurs on circular ecDNA particles (ecDNAs) 3 . (nature.com)

The molecular weight of proteins were 102, 88 and 80 kDa, so they were named α, β and γ-catenin. (chemdiv.com)
By altering membrane transport in the early secretory pathway, TFG fusion proteins may modulate cargo export, potentially enhancing the secretion of growth factors that help to sustain a rich tumor microenvironment. (wisc.edu)
Nano-flow cytometry revealed that the EV output from individual glioma cell lines was highly heterogeneous, such that only a fraction of vesicles contained specific proteins (including EGFRvIII). (cancer-genetics.org)

Molecular heterogeneity is one of the most important concerns in colorectal cancer (CRC), which results in a wide range of therapy responses and patient prognosis. (biomedcentral.com)

Characteristics of ST survival included focal copy number gain of CCNE1 , lack of BRCA mutation signature, low homologous recombination deficiency scores, and the presence of ESR1-CCDC170 gene fusion. (biomedcentral.com)

Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) is a distinct subtype that accounts for nearly 10% of gastric carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
In 1990, Burke et al ( 3 ), first reported the association between EBV and gastric carcinoma with characteristic lymphoepithelioma-like histology based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. (spandidos-publications.com)
In gastric carcinoma cells, EBV is not integrated into the host genome but maintained as a type of plasmid called an episome. (spandidos-publications.com)
The uniformity of the numbers of terminal repeats (TRs) among EBV positive carcinoma cells reflects the clonal origin of a tumor and suggests that EBV is a causative virus for gastric carcinoma ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The reason for this is that Helicobacter Pylori ( H. pylori ), discovered in 1983 by Marshall and Warren, and classified as a definite carcinogen by World Health Organization in 1994, has been regarded as the major factor in almost all gastric carcinomas worldwide ( 7 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

While these scores inform on the probability of developing a tumor, it remains unknown how germline risk influences the tumor molecular evolution. (stanford.edu)
However, without complete long-term follow-up information to accompany patient and tumor molecular profiles, clinical and molecular factors that contribute to long-term (LT) and short-term (ST) survival in HGSOC remain elusive. (biomedcentral.com)

The standard vascular markers used in pathologic differential diagnosis of vascular conditions include von Willebrand factor (vWF), factor VIII-associated protein, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31), human hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34), v- ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG), human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA1), podoplanin (D2-40), and PROX1. (basicmedicalkey.com)

EBVaGC is defined by monoclonal proliferation of carcinoma cells with latent EBV infection, as demonstrated by EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization. (spandidos-publications.com)

Our findings suggest that exceptional long- or short-term survival is determined by a concert of clinical, molecular, and microenvironment factors. (biomedcentral.com)
In this pilot study, we sought to identify clinical and molecular factors that distinguish HGSOC patients who share similar clinical characteristics and pathology at diagnosis with exceptional survival outcomes, either LT or ST, through integrated analysis of clinical features, germline variants, somatic genomic alterations, and tumor immune microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)

Dr. Nikiforov and his team's discoveries and scientific research of the field of genetics of thyroid cancer during almost three decades since the 1990s have led to the creation of genetic molecular test for thyroid nodules, which was first applied to patient care in 2007, It has been evolved and expanded since then. (wikipedia.org)
He is a senior editor of the textbook Diagnostic Pathology and Molecular Genetics of the Thyroid. (wikipedia.org)

[ 3 , 4 ] The term "pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma" was first applied by Harwood and colleagues in 1976 to 6 cases of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma that closely mimicked mesothelioma. (medscape.com)
However, prospective identification of targets in the clinic will not only illuminate their clinical significance, but will also further accelerate drug development-witness the way in which the introduction of gefitinib (Iressa) for lung cancer was followed in less than a decade by the identification of driver mutations, new targeted drugs, and the universal adoption of molecular profiling for treatment selection. (cancernetwork.com)

In addition, there are only a small number of recurrent copy number aberrations and rare gene fusions. (springer.com)
Herein, we describe cytogenetic, genetic and molecular aberrations in MDS, focusing on epigenetic alterations through PcG. (karger.com)

Here, we demonstrate that gene fusions are a source of immunogenic neoantigens that can mediate responses to immunotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
Using whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing, we identified a novel gene fusion and demonstrated that it produces a neoantigen that can specifically elicit a host cytotoxic T cell response. (bvsalud.org)
These findings highlight an important class of tumor-specific antigens and have implications for targeting gene fusion events in cancers that would otherwise be less poised for response to immunotherapy, including cancers with low mutational load and minimal immune infiltration. (bvsalud.org)

To demonstrate the power of this technology, we will generate a molecular disease fingerprint allowing differentiation between three clinically indistinguishable yet biochemically distinct disease pathways underlying the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme. (nih.gov)
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and currently incurable. (frontiersin.org)
Despite this aggressive treatment, median survival of glioblastoma patients is only about 15 months, and recurrence remains almost inevitable ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

E-cadherin expression can be blocked by epigenetic silencing, but the lab's results indicate that the loss of the E-cadherin protein function is highly prevalent among the most aggressive breast cancers. (ufl.edu)

His research interests evolved over time to include molecular diagnostic of thyroid and other types of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Clear cell, papillary cell, and chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have now been well characterised thanks to large collaborative projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). (springer.com)
Current concepts suggest that a limited number of molecular alterations involving oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inhibition are responsible for initiation of cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Personalized medicine and the need for molecular profiling have justifiably become the Holy Grail for the development of future successful weapons against cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
Inhibiting BRAF Oncogene-Mediated Radioresistance Effectively Radiosensitizes BRAFV600E-Mutant Thyroid Cancer Cells by Constraining DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. (cityofhope.org)
Interrogating 3,855 breast cancer lesions, spanning pre-invasive to metastatic disease, we demonstrate that germline variants in highly expressed and amplified genes influence somatic evolution by modulating immunoediting at early stages of tumor development. (stanford.edu)
Treatment of cancer continues to beat challenge since it is often difficult to appropriately categorise them, based on their underlying molecular signatures. (fortunejournals.com)
EAC is a highly lethal cancer that can arise from Barrett's oesophagus, a relatively common, pre-cancerous metaplastic condition that affects around 1.6% of the US population 7 . (nature.com)
Patients diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) who received initial debulking surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy can experience highly variable clinical responses. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, despite our increased knowledge of the molecular bases of cancer, the translation to clinical medicine has lagged significantly behind. (nih.gov)

We found that ecDNAs contained diverse collections of oncogenes and immunomodulatory genes. (nature.com)

These subpopulations, present within the highly genotoxic inflammatory environment typical of chronic liver disease, are then at especial risk of acquiring additional genetic and epigenetic alterations that predispose them to carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

Whereas pleural mesothelioma is highly associated with asbestos exposure , nonmesotheliomatous cancers have generally not been proven to result from exposure to airborne asbestos. (medscape.com)
The major focus is on research projects directed at understanding the aggressive nature of childhood cancers such as neuroblastoma and leukaemia. (edu.au)

Human INT1 has been found to be very similar to mouse INT1, thus most revealing the highly conserved nature of this pathway across species [3]. (chemdiv.com)

As of 2020, he is a professor of pathology at the University of Pittsburgh and director of the Division of Molecular & Genomic Pathology. (wikipedia.org)

Recently, evidence has been accumulating on the molecular mechanism underlying self-renewal of stem cells. (karger.com)

1 It has been found that exosomes can mediate local and systemic cell communication with transmitting signals from one cell to another on the molecular level. (dovepress.com)
Here we analyzed the impact of EGFRvIII on the profile of glioma EVs using isogenic tumor cell lines, in which this oncogene exhibits a strong transforming activity. (cancer-genetics.org)

The ligands include molecular patterns like lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which are the constituents of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. (fortunejournals.com)

A small percentage of women experience exceptional long-term survival (long term (LT), 10+ years), while others develop primary resistance to therapy and succumb to disease in less than 2 years (short term (ST)). To improve clinical management of HGSOC, there is a need to better characterize clinical and molecular profiles to identify factors that underpin these disparate survival responses. (biomedcentral.com)

These interacting tasks are carried out by a system that is ubiquitous to all vertebrates and comprises two treelike branched systems of tubules known as blood and lymphatic vessels lined by highly specialized endothelial cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Association of p53 Overexpression with Hormone Receptor Status and Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)
To determine association of p53 overexpression with hormone receptor status in breast carcinoma. (cancerindex.org)

Therefore, further study is needed to clarify the correlation between molecular features and STAS. (biomedcentral.com)

Asimakopoulos FA, White NJ, Nacheva E, Green AR: Molecular analysis of chromosome 20q deletions associated with myeloproliferative disorders and myelodysplastic syndromes. (karger.com)

Senescent hepatocytes lose the telomeric repeats that protect chromosomal ends from inter- and intra-chromosomal fusion, deletion, rearrangement, and transposition events that contribute to genomic instability. (biomedcentral.com)

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