Molecular gene promoter activity chloramphenicol. Medical search. Frequent questions

An example of a selectable marker which is also a reporter in bacteria is the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene, which confers resistance to the antibiotic chloramphenicol. (wikipedia.org)
6. Expression of luteinising hormone-beta subunit chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (LH-beta-CAT) fusion gene in rat pituitary cells: induction by cyclic 3'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (nih.gov)
Not only was sequence-specific AP-1 DNA binding constitutively active in malignant versus benign tumor cells, but so was transactivation of a unique AP-1-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter construct, pTiCTaK. (nih.gov)
This led us to test the influence of an AA-NAT 5' flanking segment on the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene in a rat transgenic model. (nih.gov)
Molecular cloning of the arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase and daily variations of its mRNA expression in the Syrian hamster pineal gland. (nih.gov)
Transfection studies have been carried out using chimeric genes in which restriction fragments of the Tk-1 promoter were fused to chloramphenicol acetyltransferase or neomycin phosphotransferase. (elsevierpure.com)
The data observed in transfection assays were comparable to results obtained with conventional chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assays, as was demonstrated using various transcriptional regulation sequences. (uni-regensburg.de)
After 5'-rpS12-CAT-nos-3' gene construction has been introduced to tobacco protoplasts by PEG-treatment, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) enzyme activity was detectable by transient assays. (org.ua)

Using A549 cells transfected with the -546 IL-8 construct linked to a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter gene, we have shown that these antioxidants directly inhibited asbestos-stimulated IL-8 promoter-dependent transcription. (cdc.gov)
At present only a small number of reporter genes are in widespread use in plant transformation vectors, these being β-glucuronidase (gus)-causing blue colour (Fig. 24.8), green fluorescent protein (gfp), luciferase genes (lux and luc)-causing luminescence and to a lesser degree (although it is widely used in animal systems) the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene (cat). (biologydiscussion.com)
We have constructed a transient expression vector containing 400 bp of rat albumin gene immediate 5′-flanking sequences inserted 5′ to the bacterial enzyme chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT). (pasteur.fr)

The molecular chaperone DnaK, a bacterial Hsp70 homologue, promotes curli biogenesis via unknown mechanism(s). (nature.com)
Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous on bacterial chromosomes yet the mechanisms regulating their activity and the molecular focuses on of toxins remain incompletely understood. (researchassistantresume.com)
The TetR (tetracycline repressor) family is one of the major transcription factor families that regulate expression of genes involved in bacterial antimicrobial resistance systems. (biomedcentral.com)
In general, the confirmed regulators of bacterial drug transporter genes belong to one of four regulatory protein families, the AraC (arabinose C regulator), MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator), MerR (mercury regulator), and TetR (tetracycline repressor) families [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The TetR family of transcriptional factors are known to regulate expression of genes involved in bacterial efflux systems against antimicrobial compounds or drugs [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
[0002] The invention relates to isolated nucleic acids and polypeptides derived from Staphylococcus epidermidis that are useful as molecular targets for diagnostics, prophylaxis and treatment of pathological conditions, as well as materials and methods for the diagnosis, prevention, and amelioration of pathological conditions resulting from bacterial infection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
These data suggest that engineering low-temperature activity for a bacterial protease is not always associated with the loss of thermostability. (biomedcentral.com)
Recently reported improvements in the cold activity of bacterial serine proteases have attracted great attention because such enzymes are commercially important in various biotechnological processes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We have transfected various clones of rat hepatoma cells representing different states of expression of the liver phenotype with this vector (pALB-cat) and also with two control vectors containing viral promoters (pSVE-cat and pRSV-cat), and measured activity of the bacterial enzyme CAT in cellular extracts 48 h later. (pasteur.fr)

Many methods of transfection and transformation - two ways of expressing a foreign or modified gene in an organism - are effective in only a small percentage of a population subjected to the techniques. (wikipedia.org)
Effects of HEX expression on Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) gene promoter activity was investigated by HeLa cell transfection. (biomedcentral.com)
Transfection experiments demonstrated that HEX is able to up-regulate the activity of NIS promoter. (biomedcentral.com)
The albumin flanking sequences are able to direct highly efficient CAT expression, compared with the control vectors, only in cells which express their own albumin gene: the albumin-negative hepatoma cells are at least 100 times less efficient in expressing CAT after transfection with the pALB-cat plasmid than are the albumin-positive ones. (pasteur.fr)

Such genes are called reporters because the characteristics they confer on organisms expressing them are easily identified and measured, or because they are selectable markers. (wikipedia.org)
There are certain selectable markers genes present in vectors that facilitate the selection process. (biologydiscussion.com)
[21] Herrera-Estrella L, Block MD, Messens E, Hernalsteens JP, Montagu MV, Schell J. Chimeric genes as dominant selectable markers in plant cells. (org.ua)

These mice permit the analysis of DNA sequences which are responsible for the expression, tissue-specificity and developmental program of gene expression. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, transient expression experiments using explanted lens epithelia have provided evidence that these DNA sequences are indeed responsible for the tissue-specific expression of the crystallin genes. (nih.gov)
1. Positive- and negative-acting promoter sequences regulate cell type-specific expression of the rat synapsin I gene. (nih.gov)
9. Identification of regulatory sequences in the gene for 5-aminolevulinate synthase from rat. (nih.gov)
A. veronii isolates were identified based on alignment analysis of the gyrB and 16S rRNA gene sequences. (bvsalud.org)
This element, when fused to upstream activation sequences from the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter, conveys glucocorticoid sensitivity in cis. (elsevierpure.com)
We argue that, while in E. coli the gradient of DNA thermodynamic stability and gene order along the origin-to-terminus axis represent major organizational features orchestrating temporal gene expression, the genomic sequence organization of Dickeya is more complex, demonstrating extended chromosomal domains of thermodynamically distinct DNA sequences eliciting specific transcriptional responses to various kinds of stress encountered during pathogenic growth. (mdpi.com)
The coding sequence for the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was used as a new reporter gene for studies on eukaryotic promoter activity and upstream regulatory sequences. (uni-regensburg.de)
These facts indicate that «cryptic» promoter-like sequences exist in chloroplast genome which can be activated as a result of their artifical or natural transfer to the nuclei. (org.ua)
Chloroplast DNA sequences integrated into an intron of a tomato nuclear gene. (org.ua)
Cloning of the Nicotiana tabacum nuclear DNA sequences that work like promoters in Escherichia coli cells. (org.ua)

In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants. (wikipedia.org)
Reporter gene assay have been increasingly used in high throughput screening (HTS) to identify small molecule inhibitors and activators of protein targets and pathways for drug discovery and chemical biology. (wikipedia.org)
As a prelude to the creation of mouse models of these lysosomal storage diseases, we have characterized the molecular biology of the mouse beta-hexosaminidase system. (nih.gov)
For his many important contributions of the application of molecular biology to the eye, Dr. Piatigorsky has been designated as the recipient of the 1986 Friedenwald Award, one of the prestigious awards presented by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. (nih.gov)
The article will discuss the molecular biology of mRNA vaccines and underlying anti-virus and anti-tumor mechanisms, with an introduction of their immunological phenomena, delivery strategies, their importance on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and related clinical trials against cancer and viral diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
mRNA vaccine is a newly developed technology with a combination of molecular biology and immunology. (biomedcentral.com)

This advance also provides a tool that selectively targets genetic expression to pinealocytes and retinal photoreceptors, providing new experimental opportunities to probe gene expression in these tissues. (nih.gov)
candidate gene A gene whose function suggests that it may be involved in the genetic variation observed for a particular trait, e.g., the gene for growth hormone is a candidate gene for body weight. (fao.org)
Our genetic approaches further identify lpg1681 as a gene that modulates L. pneumophila susceptibility to HGA. (elifesciences.org)
Because glucuronoconjugation is the major route of bilirubin elimination, any genetic alteration that affects bilirubin glucuronosyltransferase activity may result in a more or less severe hyperbilirubinemia. (aspetjournals.org)
Thus far, the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism is the only genetic variation reported in a regulatory region of the gene. (aspetjournals.org)
With the advent of molecular technique, it has become clear that carriage of the genetic defect is much more common than symptomatic AIP. (medscape.com)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)

For each marker gene there is one substrate which is a toxic substance like an antibiotic or any herbicide. (biologydiscussion.com)
The transformed cells are cultured in medium contain-ing the toxic substance or antibiotic which facilitates the selection of transformed tissue to grow as the marker gene confers the resistance property to the transformed cell only. (biologydiscussion.com)
Other antibiotic resistance genes against bleomycin (We), spectinomycin and hygromycin (hpt) are used quite widely. (biologydiscussion.com)
Apparently, the players at that skill up to make obsolete on did not toxicity of chloramphenicol antibiotic for dogs press the underloaded team commerce inallowing for regardingmation when they were in numerical disadvantage. (upb.ro)

Examples include the gene that encodes jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP), which causes cells that express it to glow green under blue light, the enzyme luciferase, which catalyzes a reaction with luciferin to produce light, and the red fluorescent protein from the gene dsRed [fr]. (wikipedia.org)
A common reporter in bacteria is the E. coli lacZ gene, which encodes the protein beta-galactosidase. (wikipedia.org)
Reporter genes can produce a protein that has little obvious or immediate effect on the cell culture or organism. (wikipedia.org)
In their investigations they identified numerous putative regulatory regions of the genes for a specific lens protein, the a A-crystallin. (nih.gov)
4. Differential regulation of chromogranin B and synapsin I gene promoter activity by cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (nih.gov)
15. Positive and negative regulation of the transcription of the human protein kinase C beta gene. (nih.gov)
To further examine the molecular events involved in malignant conversion of 308-10Gy5, we assessed the activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding and transactivating ability of 308 and 308-10Gy5. (nih.gov)
In nuclear protein extracts of 308, AP-1 sequence-specific binding to an oligonucleotide containing a single high-affinity AP-1 binding site was induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, as determined by gel shift analysis. (nih.gov)
The main resistance mechanism of A. fumigatus involves point mutations in cyp51A (gene encoding the protein targeted by antifungal azoles) with or without a tandem repeat (TR) insertion in its promoter ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
In Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacteria, the so-called type III protein secretion system works as a molecular syringe to inject type III effectors (T3Es) into plant cells. (unican.es)
These errors result in protein variants with extended C termini 7 - 9 , generating a heterogeneous protein-length population from a single gene. (biorxiv.org)
We also performed whole-brain imaging after aversive footshock stimulation in activity-regulated cytoskeleton protein (Arc)-dVenus D1RKD mice, which were crossbred from Arc-dVenus transgenic mice and D1RKD mice, to examine the distribution of Arc-controlled dVenus expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex during aversive memory formation. (niigata-u.ac.jp)
Maintaining protein homoeostasis (proteostasis) is essential for diverse cellular activities in all life forms. (nature.com)
CAAT box (also CAT box) A conserved sequence found within the promoter region of the protein-encoding genes of many eukaryotic organisms. (fao.org)
candidate-gene strategy An experimental approach in which knowledge of the biochemistry and/or physiology of a trait is used to draw up a list of genes whose protein products could be involved in the trait. (fao.org)
The expression of HBsAg as a reporter protein offered some advantages: (i) In transient expression assays, a time course of promoter activity depending on variable culture conditions could be monitored over a period of time, since the HBsAg was secreted into the culture supernatant. (uni-regensburg.de)
It is shown that a DNA fragment containing the previously described exon 2 sequence of the chloroplast gene for ribosomal protein S12 can determine expression of the reporter npt-II gene intransgenic plant nuclear genome. (org.ua)
AtsR is located at no far upstream of the identically oriented ncgl0884 gene, encoding a putative multidrug efflux pump protein, and in the same operon with ncgl0887 , encoding a resistance, nodulation and cell division (RND) superfamily drug exporter. (biomedcentral.com)
Protein that belongs to this family is known to act as transcriptional repressors, and they bind to their regulatory sequence and repress expression of target genes that are related to drug detoxification or export [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
RAG1 expressed from this construct lacked an epitope tag to avoid potential tag-associated artefacts that could alter RAG protein localization, regulation, or activity. (vegfr-1inhibitor.com)
The ssOR activity, unlike DSBR, does not require a phage exonuclease (RecE or Redα) but only requires a phage annealing protein (RecT or Redβ). (biomedcentral.com)
Notably, the P22 phage annealing protein Erf, which does not mediate the same DSBR reactions, also delivers ssOR activity. (biomedcentral.com)

Reporter genes are often used as an indication of whether a certain gene has been taken up by or expressed in the cell or organism population. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly used reporter genes that induce visually identifiable characteristics usually involve fluorescent and luminescent proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Reporter genes can be used to assay for the expression of a gene of interest that is normally difficult to quantitatively assay. (wikipedia.org)
To activate reporter genes, they can be expressed constitutively, where they are directly attached to the gene of interest to create a gene fusion. (wikipedia.org)
Reporter genes can also be expressed by induction during growth. (wikipedia.org)
A 140-bp fragment, extending from -143 to -3 bp with respect to the thymidine kinase translational start site, was capable of both basal and glucocorticoid-regulated transcription of reporter genes. (elsevierpure.com)
Reporter genes are used in plant transformation vectors, both as a means of assessing gene expression by promoter analysis and as easily scored indicators of transformation. (biologydiscussion.com)
Ideally, reporter genes should be easy to assay, preferably with a non-destructive assay system and there should be little or no endogenous activity in the plant to be transformed. (biologydiscussion.com)

Antimicrobial resistance profile and prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens, Northwestern Iran. (ac.ir)

To verify that the reduced plethora of SocB in the current presence of ClpX outcomes from a big change in proteins stability we created M2-SocB from a plasmid and assessed its half-life in the existence or lack of ClpX utilizing a chloramphenicol shut-off assay. (researchassistantresume.com)

However, both adenoviral and lentiviral vectors are based on animal viruses that must be engineered to remove functions involved in the expression of viral genes and viral replication. (medscape.com)
Baculovirus infection does not lead to expression of viral genes or viral replication after uptake by mammalian cells [ 8 , 9 ] . (medscape.com)
Whereas most replication-deficient viral gene delivery systems for mammalian cells require the use of a helper virus for propagation, the baculovirus is propagated in insect cells, thus avoiding any risk of a replication-competent virus. (medscape.com)
Terpenoids (and in particular the sesquiterpenoid subfamily) are widely used in medicine and health care for their anti-insect, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-malarial, anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although viral systems are by far the most effective for gene delivery, their safety, packaging and production issues let them less attractive than synthetic vectors. (scirp.org)

Glucocorticoids inhibit transcription of the murine cytoplasmic thymidine kinase gene (Tk-1). (elsevierpure.com)
Rhee, K & Thompson, EA 1996, ' Glucocorticoid regulation of a transcription factor that binds an initiator-like element in the murine thymidine kinase (Tk-1) promoter ', Molecular Endocrinology , vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1536-1548. (elsevierpure.com)
Hydrodynamics-based gene delivery (HGD) and piggy Bac (PB) transposon system enable long-term gene expression in murine liver [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Murine ischemic hind limb mode The effect of HoxA9 buy chloramphenicol eye drops aplastic on ischemia-induced neovascularization was enquired in a murine Trade Mark Xerox copy of hind limb ischemia. (upb.ro)

They injected this recombinant DNA into the nucleus of a fertilized mouse egg and produced a male transgenic mouse which had CAT activity in its ocular lens and only in the lens. (nih.gov)
10. The 5'-flanking region of the rat synapsin I gene directs neuron-specific and developmentally regulated reporter gene expression in transgenic mice. (nih.gov)
Cloning of tobacco DNA fragment with promoter properties in a transgenic plant]. (org.ua)

Resistance is believed to develop predominantly through 2 distinct routes: long-term clinical azole therapy and the environmental application of azole fungicides, some of which have been shown to have molecular targets identical to those of medical triazoles and have activity against A. fumigatus ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
The most widely used selectable marker gene is the npt II (neomycin phosphotrans-ferase) gene that confers resistance to kanamycin, G418, neomycin. (biologydiscussion.com)
The resistance genes against some herbicides like chlorosulphuron (als) and bialaphos (bar) are also in use (Table 24.1). (biologydiscussion.com)
The bacteria also carry specific resistance genes that protect them from the effects of the molecules that they produce. (elifesciences.org)
This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)

The GUS gene has been commonly used in plants but luciferase and GFP are becoming more common. (wikipedia.org)
[ 4 ] employed a tetracycline-regulated TetOn system by delivering two genes with one expressing the tetracycline activator and a second element containing the tetracycline response element driving GOI expression (i.e., luciferase cDNA). (encyclopedia.pub)

19. Neuron-specific expression of the synapsin II gene is directed by a specific core promoter and upstream regulatory elements. (nih.gov)

5. Molecular cloning and promoter analysis of the rat liver farnesyl diphosphate synthase gene. (nih.gov)
Deletion analysis of the mannopine synthase gene promoter in sunflower crown gall tumors and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. (org.ua)
We solved the crystal structure of Copu9 in its closed conformation, for the first time providing molecular details of sesquiterpene synthase from Basidiomycota. (biomedcentral.com)

This enzyme causes bacteria expressing the gene to appear blue when grown on a medium that contains the substrate analog X-gal. (wikipedia.org)
This could be due to reduced synthesis, decreased activity, and/or impaired secretion of the enzyme. (jci.org)
For example, the P3C9 mutant of the mesophilic serine-like protease (SSII) from Bacillus sphaericus was constructed through molecular evolution and exhibited a 9.6-fold increase in catalytic efficiency ( k cat / K m ) compared with the wild-type (wt) enzyme [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Asbestos-inducible DNA binding activity was partially inhibited by tetramethylthiourea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger. (cdc.gov)
was dangerous to cells in the existence or lack of its putative antitoxin in cells acquired no significant influence on cell viability or morphology (Fig. 1F-G). Nevertheless inducing in Δcells inhibited colony development and resulted in mobile filamentation (Fig. 1F-G). These phenotypes could possibly be rescued by expressing in from a plasmid behind a different inducible promoter. (researchassistantresume.com)
The PB system enables inducible gene expression in desired tissue in vivo, soley based on the ability of PB to induce efficient chromosomal integration of GOI in a host cell. (encyclopedia.pub)

Herein, we developed vaccine candidates by inserting MSH type VI pili B (MshB) from A. veronii as an antigen and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a molecular adjuvant into Lactobacillus casei and evaluated their immunological effect as vaccines in a crucian carp (Carassius auratus) model. (bvsalud.org)
Two classes of mutants were defective in production of the a subunit of methanol dehydrogenase, another two classes in the production of both the a subunit and cytochrome c L , while the fifth class produced the a subunit, but did not contain an active methanol dehydrogenase, nor cytochrome c L . The genes defective in these mutants were linked. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The 140-bp Tk-1 core promoter fragment binds to transcription factors in extracts from P1798 cells. (elsevierpure.com)

To generate dnRAG1 mice, we prepared a construct containing a RAG1 cDNA encoding a full-length catalytically inactive form of RAG1 under the transcriptional control of an H-2kb promoter, a genomic fragment of the human β globin gene to provide RNA splice donor sites and a polyadenylation signal, and an immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer element (IgH Eμ) (Fig. 1a). (vegfr-1inhibitor.com)

A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. (lookformedical.com)

Asbestos induction of nuclear transcription factors and interleukin 8 gene regulation. (cdc.gov)
Taken together, the results suggest that asbestos-induced redox changes and phosphorylation events, mediated by staurosporine-sensitive and tyrosine kinase(s), activate nuclear proteins which recognize the NF- kappaB/NF-IL-6 binding sites of the IL-8 promoter and contribute to the regulation of IL-8 gene expression. (cdc.gov)
17. Regulation of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) gene transcription: cell- and tissue-specific promoter utilization mediated by multiple positive and negative cis-acting DNA elements. (nih.gov)
20. The CRE consensus sequence in the synapsin I gene promoter region confers constitutive activation but no regulation by cAMP in neuroblastoma cells. (nih.gov)
In the present study, we have extended our previous in vitro findings and found that additional elements in the 5' flanking region and first intron play an important role in the regulation of the AA-NAT gene. (nih.gov)
This observation indicates that inhibition of Tk-1 expression is not dependent upon redistribution within the cell cycle but is due to glucocorticoid regulation of this gene. (elsevierpure.com)
In this study, we report the cloning and characterization of the transcriptional regulation of the mouse UGT1A1 gene. (aspetjournals.org)

It is important to use a reporter gene that is not natively expressed in the cell or organism under study, since the expression of the reporter is being used as a marker for successful uptake of the gene of interest. (wikipedia.org)
Thus, a method for identifying those few successful gene uptake events is necessary. (wikipedia.org)

This clearly permits further analysis of the molecular nature of tissue-specific crystallin gene expression at the level of the whole organism. (nih.gov)
8. Characterization of tissue-specific transcription by the human synapsin I gene promoter. (nih.gov)
12. Regulatory elements for the tissue-specific expression of the rat serine dehydratase-encoding gene. (nih.gov)

Here, we report the identification of the D-galactan II-synthesizing genes by screening a transposon mutant library of an acapsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae O1 strain with bacteriophage. (frontiersin.org)
Second, an L1 transposon element, which is absent in the human promoter, is found 480 bp upstream of the transcription start site in mouse. (aspetjournals.org)
Typically, for liver-directed gene delivery, transposon and transposase constructs were administered by HGD, one of the most common methods for in vivo gene delivery through high-speed injection of large volumes of DNA solution [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Primary-structure analysis of the mouse Thymidine Adevice promoter revealed marked differences with its human homolog. (aspetjournals.org)
First, the mouse promoter lacks the highly polymorphic thymidine/adenine repeat occurring in the human promoter, which has been associated with some forms of hyperbilirubinemia. (aspetjournals.org)

Multiple gene expression vectors offer an alternative to cotransduction. (medscape.com)
Multiple gene expression vectors enable reproducible ratios of products to be provided in each transduced cell. (medscape.com)
Macromolecular design is of primary importance in the domain of synthetic vectors for gene therapy. (scirp.org)

Transient gene expression in tobacco protoplasts: I. Time course of CAT appearance. (org.ua)

The Gre-directed utilization of glycolysis and ETC genes balances the simultaneous usage of the reduction in quality of irradiated from control samples recapitulated the statistical differences found between the human gut microbiota which can impact cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk. (localnetwork.org)

Recent studies strongly suggest that in bacteria, both the genomic pattern of DNA thermodynamic stability and the order of genes along the chromosomal origin-to-terminus axis are highly conserved and that this spatial organization plays a crucial role in coordinating genomic transcription. (mdpi.com)

In the case of selectable-marker reporters such as CAT, the transfected population of bacteria can be grown on a substrate that contains chloramphenicol. (wikipedia.org)
The substrate specificity of AcrD was studied by overexpression of the corresponding gene from a high-copy plasmid in E. amylovora Ea1189-3, which is hypersensitive to many drugs due to a deficiency of the major multidrug pump AcrB. (biomedcentral.com)

3. Identification of a functional silencer element involved in neuron-specific expression of the synapsin I gene. (nih.gov)
13. Functional analysis of the human lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase gene promoter. (nih.gov)
Our results demonstrate that recombinant baculovirus can be used to deliver functional genes into human and mouse pancreatic insulin-expressing cells. (medscape.com)
Thus, most likely, HEX gene is expressed and plays a functional role in several additional cell types beyond those identified in early investigations. (biomedcentral.com)

hereafter referred to as TransIT-EE) containing pT-CETD + pTrans (PB transposase expresion plasmid) was performed using ICR mice ( Figure 1 A). Expression of a fluorescent reporter gene was discernible in liver approximately one month after gene delivery, suggesting chromosomal integration of pT-CETD. (encyclopedia.pub)

Glucocorticoids inhibit the amount or activity of the transcription factor that binds to this initiator-like element within the Tk-1 promoter. (elsevierpure.com)
Together, these results provide evidence for a major regulatory function of this liver-enriched transcription factor in UGT1A1 activity in both rodents and human. (aspetjournals.org)

[14] Maniatis T, Fritsch EE, Sambrook J. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. (org.ua)
Molecular cloning of the gene showed that HER2, Neu, and ErbB-2 are all encoded by the same orthologs. (her2signaling.com)
Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T: Molecular cloning. (her2signaling.com)

It binds DNA in a sequence-specific manner and is able either to activate or repress transcription of target genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

They are ideally not present in the native genome to be able to isolate reporter gene expression as a result of the gene of interest's expression. (wikipedia.org)
Chloroplast genes transferred to the nuclear plant genome have adjusted to nuclear base composition and codon usage. (org.ua)
Library coverage of 6-8 genome equivalents ensured good representation of genes: the library was screened for polyphenol oxidase (PPO) genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Six PPO genes clustered within the genome: four separate BAC clones could be assembled onto a predicted 190-510 Kb single BAC contig. (biomedcentral.com)
BRCA2 has a central role in maintaining genome integrity by facilitating the repair of toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR). BRCA2 acts by controlling RAD51 nucleoprotein filament formation on resected single-stranded DNA, but how BRCA2 activity is regulated during HR is not fully understood. (nature.com)

Mutations in the HEXA or HEXB gene resulting in a beta-hexosaminidase deficiency cause Tay-Sachs or Sandhoff disease, respectively. (nih.gov)
Nineteen of 21 had mutations in their cyp51A gene (5 TR34/L98H, 8 TR34/L98H/S297T/F495I, 6 TR46/Y121F/T289A). (cdc.gov)
Mutations in the tumour suppressor gene BRCA2 are associated with predisposition to breast and ovarian cancers. (nature.com)

To introduce a reporter gene into an organism, scientists place the reporter gene and the gene of interest in the same DNA construct to be inserted into the cell or organism. (wikipedia.org)
Only those cells that have successfully taken up the construct containing the CAT gene will survive and multiply under these conditions. (wikipedia.org)
In building the DNA construct, a segment of DNA coding for a flexible polypeptide linker region is usually included so that the reporter and the gene product will only minimally interfere with one another. (wikipedia.org)

16. Role of the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element in efficient expression of the rat thyrotropin receptor promoter. (nih.gov)

The extent of inhibition by glucocorticoids was similar to that observed for the endogenous gene, and no increase in basal expression or the extent of inhibition was observed with constructs containing additional 5'- flanking DNA. (elsevierpure.com)
Transcriptional activation by these two motifs from a distance required the additional presence of either or both motifs adjacent to the beta-actin basal promoter. (eurekamag.com)

Additionally, the level of expression of a foreign gene from a recombinant vector is determined in part by the strength of both the enhancer and promoter that drive its transcription. (medscape.com)
An 84 bp element located between nucleotides -162 and -79 of the chicken alpha A-crystallin gene exhibits lens-specific enhancer activity. (eurekamag.com)
Neither alpha CE1 or alpha CE3 motif alone can exhibit enhancer activity even when trimerized, whereas together they can direct some degree of lens-specific expression. (eurekamag.com)
A combination of alpha CE1 with alpha CE2 exerts full lens-specific enhancer activity comparable with that of the 84 bp enhancer element, indicating that alpha CE1 and alpha CE2 motifs are sufficient to confer lens-specific expression. (eurekamag.com)
Previous studies have shown that this promoter-enhancer combination supports transgene expression in the B-cell and/or T-cell lineage in founder-specific manner.9 Using PCR and Southern blotting approaches to screen founder lines (Fig. (vegfr-1inhibitor.com)

Three of these genes have high homology, suggesting a more recent evolutionary event. (biomedcentral.com)

An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (lookformedical.com)

Two regions that are relatively conserved among these gene products show features found in similar positions in many reverse transcriptases. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The understanding of increasing the antigen reactiveness gains insight into mRNA-induced innate immunity and adaptive immunity without antibody-dependent enhancement activity. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, an adaptive invulnerable buy chloramphenicol without prescription rejoinder exists only in vertebrates and is dependent on the presence of antigen receptors displayed on specialized congregation buy chloramphenicol canada pharmacy rooms of the invulnerable methodology. (upb.ro)

designing the appropriate primers for the transgene, the PCR technique is used for gene amplification. (biologydiscussion.com)

The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the segment of the AA-NAT gene that encompasses the minimal promoter and the first intron is able to confer the highly specific pineal/retinal and time-of-day patterns of AA-NAT gene expression. (nih.gov)

14. Studies of expression of the DQ beta promoter and its 5' deletion derivatives in normal and mutant human B cell lines. (nih.gov)
Yet in cells missing deletion bypasses the essentiality of exists within an operon with an upstream gene may encode a TA program. (researchassistantresume.com)

Nuclear extracts of 308-10Gy5 bound to the AP-1 oligonucleotide without treatment with tumor promoters. (nih.gov)

Using 63 soil cores, we cultured for azole-resistant A. fumigatus and characterized isolates by their cyp51A gene type, short tandem repeat genotype, and mating type. (cdc.gov)

Thus, we can use a single recombinant baculovirus for delivery and expression of multiple genes. (medscape.com)
In summary, we found that transduction of mouse and human pancreatic islet cells using recombinant baculovirus can provide efficient gene transfer without impairing beta-cell Ca 2+ responses. (medscape.com)

We constructed different orientations of CMV- LacZ cassette relative to the baculovirus genes and found that they gave the same level of expression in mammalian cells (data not shown). (medscape.com)
Furthermore, steady-state transcript levels of the tumor-associated AP-1-responsive genes stromelysin, urokinase-type plasminogen activator, c-jun, and c-fos were higher in malignant 308-10Gy5 cells than in benign 308 cells. (nih.gov)
In transformed cells the selectable marker genes are intro-duced through vector. (biologydiscussion.com)
To date, no studies have been carried out to evaluate the role of HEX gene in breast cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Characteristics of several Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) promoters, depending on the virus state of EBV-positive B-cells (latency, chemical induction, lytic superinfection, trans-activation), were assayed using the HBsAg reporter system. (uni-regensburg.de)
Culture of hepatic cells for 8 h was associated with an increase in hepatic lipase activity but the increment in CRF rats was significantly (P (jci.org)
It is generally thought that animal cells are unable to generate H 2 , but it is also known that molecular hydrogen has diverse biological effects in animals, including anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects ( Ohta, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
Using the electromobility shift and DNase I footprinting experiments, we have identified a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-binding site in the mouse UGT1A1 promoter that confers responsiveness to both factors HNF1α and HNF1β in HEK293 cells. (aspetjournals.org)

Beyond phylotyping: understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for these sexually dimorphic phenotypes remain poorly understood, emphasizing the need to consider sexually generic cardizem from nashville dimorphic. (localnetwork.org)

Anatomy15

Organisms12

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs117

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes89

Information Science3

Acetyltransferase8

Acetyl transferase3

Bacterial9

Transfection4

Selectable markers3

Sequences11

Biology6

Genetic7

Antibiotic4

Protein22

Reporter genes8

Escherichia1

Assay1

Viral5

Murine4

Transgenic3

Resistance5

Luciferase2

Upstream regulatory1

Synthase3

Enzyme3

Inducible3

Subunit2

Core promoter1

Fragment1

Secretion1

Regulation7

Uptake2

Tissue-specific3

Transposon3

Thymidine2

Vectors3

Transient1

Utilization1

Genomic1

Substrate2

Functional4

Chromosomal1

Transcription factor2

Cloning3

Repress1

Genome5

Mutations3

Construct3

Cyclic1

Basal2

Enhancer5

Homology1

Glucocorticoid1

Regions1

Antigen2

Transgene1

Intron1

Deletion2

Oligonucleotide1

Isolates1

Recombinant2

Cells8

Cellular1