• First, molecular fragments were used to differentiate between two highly similar S100 proteins, S100B and S100A1, with the goal of designing S100-specific inhibitors to block these elevated S100 proteins in various disease states. (umaryland.edu)
  • We have identified neuron-glia antigen 2 (NG2) as a unique molecular marker of S100β+ PSCs in skeletal muscle. (elifesciences.org)
  • EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins (CBPs), such as calmodulin (CaM) or those belonging to the S100 protein family (S100s) undergo conformational changes upon increasing intracellular Ca2+, facilitating interactions with protein targets and inducing important biological responses. (umaryland.edu)
  • This research seeks to elucidate both the mechanisms of allostery and the basis of ligand- and target- specificity for S100 proteins and CaM. (umaryland.edu)
  • This provided insight into the specificity of S100A1 versus S100B for small molecules and will enable improved S100 protein-based drug design efforts. (umaryland.edu)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (cancerindex.org)
  • S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • S100A4, also known as metastasis-associated protein Mtsl, belongs to the family of small calcium-binding S100 proteins containing two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. (novoprolabs.com)
  • In humans at least 20 S100 family members that are distributed tissue specifically have been identified, and are involved in a number of cellular processes as transducers of calcium signal. (novoprolabs.com)
  • Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C (cMyBPC) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing sarcomeric proteins which regulate contractility in response to PKA phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, since these kinases regulate a broad range of cellular responses, their compartmentalization in close proximity to their sarcomeric targets is required to facilitate control over which proteins are phosphorylated in response to second messenger signalling [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SRI can not only bind calcium ions but also can interact with the calcium channel proteins and regulate the sodium-calcium pump located in the endoplasmic reticulum and serosal membrane [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The interests in the Muscle Research Group include the molecular structure and function of the proteins that regulate Ca 2+ signalling and contraction in skeletal muscle and the heart. (edu.au)
  • The understanding of the underlying mechanisms is complicated by the heterogeneity of cases within a particular retinopathy and by the interplay of multiple cellular signaling involved in each disease model. (molvis.org)
  • It has been recently reported that motor proteins like myosin Va play important role in transcytosis of nNOS. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dynein light chain LC8-nNOS from acto-myosin Va is possibly exchanged with shank, which thereafter facilitates transposition of nNOS for binding with palmitoyl-PSD95 at the nerve terminal membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • Evidence has suggested the role of motor proteins like myosin Va in transposition of nNOS within the nerve terminals to the membranes to facilitate nitrergic neurotransmission ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CABYR gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene localizes to the principal piece of the sperm flagellum in association with the fibrous sheath and exhibits calcium-binding when phosphorylated during capacitation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcript variants of this gene encode multiple protein isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, COMP has a storage and delivery function for hydrophobic cellsignaling molecules such as vitamin D. Mutations of the COMP gene cause Pseudoachondroplasia and some forms of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia which implicates that it is vital that COMP develops and functions normally. (prospecbio.com)
  • Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • LIM-only protein 3 (LMO3), a member of the LIM-only protein group, is a new DNA methylation gene that was identified in gliomas via the MeDIP-Chip in our previous study. (oncotarget.com)
  • Five independent studies have demonstrated that serum calcium is regulated by the CaSR gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene controls calcium homeostasis by regulating the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH), whose gene is located on human chromosome 3 122.18 (NM_000388) and mouse chromosome 16 36.49 (NM_013803). (biomedcentral.com)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • The ABCB4 gene (also known as MDR3 ) provides instructions for making a protein that helps move certain fats called phospholipids across the membranes of liver cells and release the phospholipids into a digestive fluid called bile. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ABCB4 gene mutations that cause PFIC3 impair the movement of phospholipids across cell membranes, leading to a lack of phospholipids available to bind to bile acids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A single mutation in the ABCB4 gene leads to a mild reduction of the ABCB4 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • S100A1 and S100B binding to ions was also compared and differences between ion binding sites within the two highly similar proteins were determined. (umaryland.edu)
  • Increased SRI can reduce the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol and mitochondria and the decrease of calcium ion concentration prevents the occurrence of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dulhunty's research has focussed on the translation of electrical signals in the surface membrane of muscle fibres into the release of the calcium ions from their internal in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), to enable muscle contraction in the process of excitation contraction coupling (ECC). (edu.au)
  • Calcium channels mediate the influx of calcium ions into the cell upon membrane polarization. (thermofisher.com)
  • Specialized cells that surround and nourish egg cells release progesterone, which makes calcium ions rush into human sperm. (acs.org)
  • Despite recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of these retinopathies, much work remains to get a clear picture of the molecular pathology of each disease. (molvis.org)
  • Another study revealed an allosteric mechanism in which a peptide termed BP2, derived from the STRA6 vitamin A transporter, increased the Ca2+-binding affinity of CaM upon binding. (umaryland.edu)
  • Absorption of strontium from the gastrointestinal tract shares a common mechanism with absorption of calcium. (cdc.gov)
  • Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were performed to investigate the binding interactions of the title compounds with the PPAR-γ receptor and to establish their binding mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, the lack of comprehensive understanding on the molecular rationale of calcium intake, serum homeostasis, and cytoplasmic function, is critically hindering our ability to propose a mechanism based technique for targeting calcium in PrCa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the mechanism is unclear, the function of the remaining ABCB4 protein appears to be impaired during pregnancy, which may further reduce the movement of phospholipids into bile. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Here, molecular mechanism involved in the Si uptake by root and subsequent transport to areal tissues is also illustrated. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, Si uptake mechanism at molecular level poorly studied in horticulture crops. (researchsquare.com)
  • its molecular mechanism remains unclear. (medscape.com)
  • There are multiple isoforms of each of these proteins, either encoded by different genes or the result of alternative splicing of transcripts. (thermofisher.com)
  • These include two ion channel proteins, the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) Ca 2+ channel in the surface membrane and the ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca 2+ release channel in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ store. (edu.au)
  • Our goal was to determine the molecular interactions that lead to centrin-MLT complex formation, their relative stability, and the conformational changes associated with the interaction, when compared to the single components. (rcsb.org)
  • The molecular implications of these results are: (1) the recognition of hydrophobic contacts as requirements for initial binding, (2) minimum electrostatic interactions within the C-terminal end of the peptide, and (3) van der Waals interactions within MLTs N-terminal end are required for complex formation. (rcsb.org)
  • The RMSD, RMSF, rGyr, SASA, and binding interactions of compound 5c-PPAR-γ complex were comparable to those of native ligand nTZDpa-PPAR-γ complex, suggesting that the title compounds have the potential to be developed as partial PPAR-γ agonists. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, the hypothesis is forwarded that nNOS delivered to subcortical cytoskeleton requires interactions with scaffolding proteins prior to docking at the membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • δ-Catenin belongs to the p120 catenin (p120ctn) family of catenins and binds to the cytoplasmic domains of type 1 and 2 cadherins at a membrane proximal region that is not involved in binding of either β-catenin or plakoglobin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recently, studies performed on PrCa samples have shown that calcium-sensing receptor regulates cytoplasmic calcium levels in relation to extracellular calcium concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One factor contributing to these contradictory theories is the lack of comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of calcium intake, serum homeostasis, and cytoplasmic function (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Calcium homeostasis is controlled by extracellular environment and calcium transporters in cytoplasmic membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sorcin (SRI) is a soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein involved in chemoresistant processes and is overexpressed in many chemoresistant cancer cells, including paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant ovarian cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • Alternative splicing results in many transcript variants encoding different proteins. (thermofisher.com)
  • mechanics (QM), in particular the Schr ¨odinger equation, allow us different proteins, e.g. alcohol dehydrogenase, blue copper proteins, to calculate any measurable property of a defined set of atoms. (lu.se)
  • Using a newly generated transgenic mouse in which PSCs are specifically labeled, we show that PSCs have a unique molecular signature that includes genes known to play critical roles in PSCs and synapses. (elifesciences.org)
  • The various forms of Waardenburg syndrome (WS), a neurocristopathy, arise from mutations in multiple genes. (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in multiple genes cause the various forms of Waardenburg syndrome (WS). (medscape.com)
  • The LANP-PTX-siSRI inhibited the expression of SRI and enhanced intracellular calcium, leading to the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of the growth of PTX-resistant cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Competitive binding between BAP1, PTEN and FBXL2 to IP3Rs regulates the calcium flux of mitochondria and thereby controls apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been demonstrated that S100A4 is directly involved in tumor metastasis including cell motility, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis and differentiation, and appears to be a metastasis factor and a molecular marker for clinical prognosis. (novoprolabs.com)
  • These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
  • The recombinant human Fc/S100A4 is a disulfide-linked homodimeric protein. (novoprolabs.com)
  • To reach fertilization competence, spermatozoa undergo a series of morphological and molecular maturational processes, termed capacitation, involving protein tyrosine phosphorylation and increased intracellular calcium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, SRI was overexpressed, while intracellular calcium concentration was decreased, in chemoresistant cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To restore intracellular calcium homeostasis and overcome chemoresistance, we developed lipid-coated albumin-PTX nanoparticles loaded with SRI-siRNA (LANP-PTX-siSRI) for PTX and SRI-siRNA co-delivery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, our data unveil that restoring intracellular calcium ion homeostasis via reducing SRI expression can reverse chemoresistance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, discussed is the first structure of a CaBP-MLT complex by X-ray crystallography, which shows that MLT has a different binding orientation than previously characterized centrin-bound peptides. (rcsb.org)
  • Multiple alternatively spliced variants encoding the same protein have been identified. (novoprolabs.com)
  • For example, shank proteins are located further away from the membrane in the cytosolic faces of the PSDs, facing the actin cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
  • The rationale of this organization may be related to important roles of these proteins as "exchange hubs" for the signaling proteins for their migration from the subcortical cytosol to the membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • Diverse organ systems reveal that nNOS remains membrane-bound during enzymatic synthesis, suggesting that membrane localization of nNOS may be critical for enzyme action in a physiological context ( 5 , 24 - 33 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A thesis is proposed here, based on rational argument that depletion of the cytoskeletal organizer protein shank3 may result in defective nNOS membrane localization, resulting in defective nitric oxide synthesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Osteopontin (OPN) is an integrin-binding protein overexpressed in various experimental models of malignancy and appears to be involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • While great progress has been made in understanding the cellular and physiological characteristics of PSCs, very little is known about the molecular composition of these cells ( Ko and Robitaille, 2015 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • A growing number of molecular markers that recognize subsets of glial cells throughout the nervous system have been identified ( Jäkel and Dimou, 2017 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • COMP Human Recombinant produced in HEK293 Cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 749 amino acids (21-757a.a) and having a molecular mass of 82.4kDa. (prospecbio.com)
  • In this study, we found that LIM-only protein 3 (LMO3) is hypomethylated and overexpressed in glioma cells and tissues. (oncotarget.com)
  • Recent publications have also revealed the role of BAP1 and FBXL2 associated endoplasmic reticular IP3Rs in controlling the trafficking of calcium from cytosol into the mitochondria of PrCa cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Outside the liver cells, phospholipids attach (bind) to bile acids, which are a component of bile that digest fats. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Under most circumstances, though, enough protein is available to move an adequate amount of phospholipids out of liver cells to bind to bile acids. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The protein encoded by CACNA1C binds to and is inhibited by dihydropyridine. (thermofisher.com)
  • This is the first study describing the production and distribution of ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNAs and proteins using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in murine ocular tissue sections of normal control eyes and tumoral eyes from mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • Centrin is a calcium binding protein (CaBP) belonging to the EF-hand superfamily. (rcsb.org)
  • CaSR is a member of sub-family C in the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • COMP is a non-collagenous glycoprotein and is belongs to the thrombospondin family of extracellular proteins. (prospecbio.com)
  • Further research has shown that CaSR plays a central role in calcium regulation via extracellular serum calcium ion detection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • She has continued to study RyR channels, combining electrophysiology, biochemistry, protein chemistry, structural biology and molecular biology to explore normal RyR function and pathological changes that reduce skeletal muscle function and which can compromise cardiac muscle to the extent of causing heart attack. (edu.au)
  • The LAP [leucine-rich and postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/zona occludens-1 (PDZ)] protein erbin and δ-catenin, a component of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex, are highly expressed in neurons and associate through PDZ-mediated interaction, but have incompletely characterized neuronal functions. (jneurosci.org)
  • Postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins in excitatory synapses are relatively immobile components, while there is a structured organization of mobile scaffolding proteins lying beneath the PSDs. (frontiersin.org)
  • The other major component of ECC, the ryanodine receptor (RyR) calcium release channel in the SR, was identified in the late 1980s. (edu.au)
  • However, our knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the formation and maintenance of dendritic arbors remains incomplete. (jneurosci.org)
  • Instead, a depolarisation-dependent signal is transmitted from the DHPR to the RyR by a cascade of conformational change through several other essetial proteins that link the DHPR with the RyR. (edu.au)
  • S100A4 is a symmetric homodimer, and undergoes a relatively large conformational change upon the typical EF-hand binding calcium, which is necessary for S100A4 to interact with its protein targets and generate biological effects. (novoprolabs.com)
  • As with other proteins within this family, centrin is a calcium sensor with multiple biological target proteins. (rcsb.org)
  • Analysis of data released by Prostate Adenocarcinoma (Provisional TCGA) reveals that calcium related proteins play critical role in the development of PrCa. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Reduced matrix binding by α-dystroglycan (α-DG) due to perturbed glycosylation is a pathological feature of several forms of muscular dystrophy. (nature.com)
  • As a result of glycosylation, the apparent molecular mass of rhFc/S100A4 monomer is approximately 40 kDa in SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions. (novoprolabs.com)
  • The reduced monomer consists of 338 amino acids and has a predicted molecular mass of 38.4 kDa. (novoprolabs.com)
  • Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen triggers the dissociation of GRP78 from its quiescent UPR mediators. (molvis.org)
  • The calcium channel consists of a complex of alpha-1, alpha-2/delta, beta, and gamma subunits in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. (thermofisher.com)
  • Additionally, isolation and targeting of PSCs for interrogation of molecular function in vivo and in vitro has not been possible. (elifesciences.org)
  • [11] Not much is known about virus' motor-specific binding sites, but it is known that some viruses contain proline-rich sequences (that diverge between viruses) which, when removed, reduces dynactin binding, axon transport (in culture), and neuroinvasion in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Multiple preclinical studies in vitro and in vivo have proven curcumin to be effective against various cancers. (hindawi.com)
  • From this constantly expanding appreciation for the role of calcium outside the muscle, we predict that calcium-induced-calcium-release ryanodine receptors could also be involved in determining cell fate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This offers significant advantages for studying tumor pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of oncogenesis caused by a single initiating oncogenic event introduced through the mouse germ line. (molvis.org)
  • Here we examined the SRI expression in multiple cancers using a human TissueArray and found that SRI expression was significantly higher in malignant tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although various studies have assessed OPN protein levels in several tumor types, a broad survey of OPN expression in human neoplasia under the same experimental conditions has not been carried out. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This study reports the broad distribution of OPN in human tumors from different body sites, suggesting involvement of this protein in tumor formation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The strong correlation between pathological stage and OPN across multiple tumor types suggests a role for OPN in tumor progression. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A single glucuronic acid-β1,3-xylose disaccharide repeat straddles a Ca 2+ ion in the LG4 domain, with oxygen atoms from both sugars replacing Ca 2+ -bound water molecules. (nature.com)
  • [12] This suggests that proline-rich sequences may be a major binding site that co-opts dynein. (wikipedia.org)
  • This has been due to the absence of a cell-specific molecular marker with which PSCs can be identified, isolated, and genetically manipulated. (elifesciences.org)
  • Biliary sludge is made up of solid particles that are usually dissolved in bile, including cholesterol crystals and calcium salts. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For metal- powerful methods to obtain and compare reaction and activation loproteins, a third method to obtain local information about the energies for suggested enzyme mechanisms and they can also provide atomic details about the protein dynamics. (lu.se)
  • At the same time, co-compartmentalization of enzymes or proteins that generate or terminate these second messenger metabolites, such as the phosphodiesterases (PDEs) which degrade cAMP and cGMP, with the relevant responsive kinases helps to optimise the precision and speed of response to second messenger signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chelating binding mode accounts for the high affinity of this protein-carbohydrate interaction. (nature.com)
  • The use of molecular mechanics calculations to supplement experimental data in standard X-ray crystallography and NMR refinements is discussed and it is shown that structures can be locally improved by the use of quantum chemical calculations. (lu.se)
  • Such calculations can also be used to interpret the structures, e.g. to decide the protonation state of metal-bound ligands. (lu.se)
  • Protein structures are invaluable for biochemical studies and for mechanical or molecular mechanics calculations have become the understanding of how proteins work. (lu.se)
  • The most common strong alternative and complement to experimental methods to methods to obtain protein structures are X-ray crystallography obtain insight in biochemical processes. (lu.se)
  • Originally thought to have only a structural role, cMyBPC has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cardiac contractility [ 1 ], for which the N-terminal region of the protein appears to be crucial. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The lack of phospholipids available to bind to bile acids leads to a buildup of toxic bile acids that can impair liver function, including the regulation of bile flow. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These conditions include but are not limited to artery or vein occlusion in diabetic retinopathy, hypoxic retina in retinopathy of prematurity, aging in age-related macular degeneration, expression of mutant proteins in inherited retinal degeneration, traumatic injury leading to retinal detachment, and light sensitivity in the case of light-induced retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • We have studied the transgenic mouse strain, Tyrp-1-TAg, to try to gain insight into possible molecular mechanisms common to pigmented ocular neoplasms occurring spontaneously in the eyes of these mice and human choroidal melanoma. (molvis.org)
  • A 4-year dietary assessment of 47,750 men revealed that increased calcium intake is associated with an elevated risk of advanced and poorly differentiated PrCa, indicating that high levels of dietary calcium and supplemental calcium should be avoided [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)