Anatomy
APUD Cells
Uptake1990Secretion1999PearseSecretory granulesTumorsIslet cellBiologyPancreaticInsulinEndocrine cellsNeuroendocrineSecreteEnteroendocrineBiologicallyOriginateExtracellular spaceHormoneGastrointestinal tractInsulinomaTranscriptsHumanWeightMembraneSignalsTypesLinesPresentFormDescriptionPlaySmallShort
Uptake2
  • Glucagon is a peptidic hormone mostly produced from alpha-2 cells of the pancreas and, in smaller amounts, from amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells in gastric and duodenal mucosa. (medscape.com)
  • The detailed study of neuroendocrine cells by Pearse ( 3 , 4 ) led to the development of the concept of amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD). (basicmedicalkey.com)
19901
  • Viera (1990) apud Barbosa (1999) notes that the care of the female body became legitimized as a separate field of medicine most notably from the emergence of obstetrics, which gave rise to other fields of medicine, such as gynecology, embryology and genetics. (scielo.org)
Secretion1
  • In pancreatic islets, GLUT2 allows a rapid equilibration of glucose between the extracellular space and the interior of the cells and it may play a crucial role in the glucose signaling mechanism leading to insulin secretion (43). (justia.com)
19991
  • The term Localized Juvenile Periodontitis was proposed by Lehner and his coworkers in 1974, as a selective, cell-mediated immunodeficiency condition [apud 43 ], and was widely employed until 1999. (bvsalud.org)
Pearse2
  • APUD cells (DNES cells) constitute a group of apparently unrelated endocrine cells, which were named by the scientist A.G.E. Pearse, who developed the APUD concept in the 1960s based on calcitonin-secreting parafollicular C cells of dog thyroid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the APUD concept provided a unifying theory for explaining some endocrine diseases and ectopic hormone productions, the hypothesis that the cells were all of neural crest origin, as postulated by Pearse, was later disproved by the experiments of LeDouarin ( 5 ) and others. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Secretory granules2
  • RIN-5F cells secrete insulin, produce high levels of the key APUD enzyme, L-dopa-decarboxylase and contain membrane-bound secretory granules. (hsanmartino.it)
  • [10] For example, research showed that in the secretory granules, murine and human Paneth cells express high levels of TLR9 . (handwiki.org)
Tumors3
  • Malignant glucagonomas are islet cell pancreatic tumors that are discovered because of glucagonoma syndrome (in which the glucagonoma autonomously secretes glucagon), because of local mass effects, or incidentally. (medscape.com)
  • Similar to other islet cell tumors, the primary and metastatic lesions are slow growing. (medscape.com)
  • The current neuroendocrine classification of cells and tumors uses immunohistochemical (IHC), ultrastructural, and molecular biologic features to define members of the DNS ( 6 , 7 and 8 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
Islet cell1
  • Properties: Products: Insulin, L-dopa-decarboxylase Applications: Study of pancreatic islet cell biology eg. (hsanmartino.it)
Biology1
  • The rationale, the aims, the components, the biochemical and physiological bases and the molecular biology mechanisms of action of the DBM are described. (beatingcancercenter.com)
Pancreatic5
  • The vast majority of glucagonomas are sporadic (80%) with the remainder associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) , an inherited tumor predisposition syndrome, or Mahvash disease, an extremely rare cause of familial pancreatic α-cell hyperplasia and glucagonoma due to inactivating mutations in the glucagon receptor ( GCGR ) gene. (medscape.com)
  • The pancreatic form contains 29 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3485 daltons. (medscape.com)
  • The pancreatic form contains 29 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3485 daltons, the gastric form contains 29 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3500 daltons, and the enteric form, or enteroglucagon, contains a polypeptidic chain, has a high molecular weight, and is biologically and chemically different from other hormones, although it cross-reacts with them. (medscape.com)
  • The production of somatostatin by the pancreatic islets, which regulates insulin and glucagon production in neighboring islet cells, is an example of paracrine regulation. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • pancreatic cells to glucose remains debated. (justia.com)
Insulin2
  • insulin-secreting cells, the basolateral membrane of intestinal and kidney absorptive cells, in hepatocytes and in a subset of neurons (21,31,44). (justia.com)
  • A fragment of the murine GLUT2 promoter has been cloned and shown to be glucose-responsive when transfected into differentiated insulin-producing cells or into hepatocytes (35,36,52). (justia.com)
Endocrine cells1
  • The steroid-producing endocrine cells of the adrenal cortex, ovary, and testis, as well as the thyroid hormone-producing follicular cells in the thyroid gland, do not form part of the DNS. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Neuroendocrine2
  • Adenohypophysis Neurons of Hypothalamus Chief Cells of Parathyroid Adrenal Medullary Cells Glomus cells in Carotid Body Melanocytes of Skin Cells of Pineal Gland Renin producing cells in the kidney Apudoma Enteroendocrine cell Neuroendocrine cell List of human cell types derived from the germ layers Boyd, C. A. R. (March 2001). (wikipedia.org)
  • The cells and neoplasms of the neuroendocrine and paracrine systems make up the DNS. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Secrete3
  • When exposed to bacteria or bacterial antigens , Paneth cells secrete several anti-microbial compounds (notably defensins and lysozyme ) that are known to be important in immunity and host-defense into the lumen of the intestinal gland, thereby contributing to maintenance of the gastrointestinal barrier by controlling the enteric bacteria. (handwiki.org)
  • Paneth cells secrete antimicrobial peptides and proteins, which are "key mediators of host-microbe interactions, including homeostatic balance with colonizing microbiota and innate immune protection from enteric pathogens. (handwiki.org)
  • Paneth cells are stimulated to secrete defensins when exposed to bacteria (both Gram positive and Gram-negative types), or such bacterial products as lipopolysaccharide , lipoteichoic acid , muramyl dipeptide and lipid A . [9] They are also stimulated by cholinergic signaling normally preceding the arrival of food which potentially may contain a new bacterial load. (handwiki.org)
Enteroendocrine1
  • Paneth cells are cells in the small intestine epithelium , alongside goblet cells, enterocytes, and enteroendocrine cells. (handwiki.org)
Biologically2
  • The enteric form, or enteroglucagon, contains a polypeptidic chain, has a high molecular weight, and is biologically and chemically different from other hormones, although it cross-reacts with them. (medscape.com)
  • These cells share the ability to produce many biologically active amines, peptides, and other substances. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Originate2
  • [ 1 ] Glucagonomas originate from the alpha-2 cells of the pancreas. (medscape.com)
  • [3] Like the other epithelial cell lineages in the small intestine, Paneth cells originate at the stem cell region near the bottom of the gland. (handwiki.org)
Extracellular space1
  • Paracrine regulation refers to the production of amines and hormones by cells that exert a local effect on the target cells by diffusion through the extracellular space. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Hormone1
  • These cells share the common function of secreting a low molecular weight polypeptide hormone. (wikipedia.org)
Gastrointestinal tract2
  • Feyrter ( 2 ) considered the clear cells of the gastrointestinal tract to be peripheral endocrine or paracrine cells. (basicmedicalkey.com)
  • The gastrointestinal tract is composed of numerous cell types that are important for immune activation and barrier surface defenses. (handwiki.org)
Insulinoma1
  • On the other hand, insulinoma cells that had lost their normal glucose responsiveness have low GLUT2 content, but some glucose sensitivity may be recovered after reintroducing GLUT2 expression through stable transfection of these cells (10,16). (justia.com)
Transcripts2
  • cell lines, these transcripts are translated into immunodetectable cytoplasmic and nuclear protein. (justia.com)
  • [11] Surprisingly, murine Paneth cells do not express mRNA transcripts for TLR4 . (handwiki.org)
Human1
  • Cell Line Data Base: structure and recent improvements towards molecular authentication of human cell lines. (hsanmartino.it)
Weight1
  • Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
Membrane2
  • The longer form, called membrane-bound catechol-O-methyltransferase (MB-COMT), is chiefly produced by nerve cells in the brain. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This structure allows defensins to insert into membranes, where they interact with one another to form pores that disrupt membrane function, leading to cell lysis. (handwiki.org)
Signals2
  • These chemicals conduct signals from one nerve cell to another. (medlineplus.gov)
  • [7] Paneth cells support the physical barrier of the epithelium by providing essential niche signals to their neighboring intestinal stem cells. (handwiki.org)
Types1
  • Unlike the other epithelial cell types, Paneth cells migrate downward from the stem cell region and settle just adjacent to it. (handwiki.org)
Lines1
  • SPECIES) you will go to the corresponding index (e.g., index of species), while by clicking on a specific term (e.g., retinoblastoma) you will go to the list of corresponding cell lines (e.g., retionoblastoma cell lines). (hsanmartino.it)
Present1
  • The DNS consists of a wide variety of cells that are present in the central and peripheral nervous system and in many classic endocrine organs ( Table 11.1 ). (basicmedicalkey.com)
Form1
  • The principal cells and neoplasms that form the DNS are listed in Table 11.1 . (basicmedicalkey.com)
Description1
  • This is the complete description of the cell line that you selected. (hsanmartino.it)
Play2
  • Therefore, Paneth cells play a role in the innate immune system. (handwiki.org)
  • Protection and stimulation of these stem cells is essential for long-term maintenance of the intestinal epithelium , in which Paneth cells play a critical role. (handwiki.org)
Small4
  • Paneth cells, located at the base of the crypts of the small intestinal mucosa, and displaying bright red cytoplasmic granules. (handwiki.org)
  • Paneth cells are found throughout the small intestine and the appendix at the base of the intestinal glands. (handwiki.org)
  • [4] There are on average 5-12 Paneth cells in each small intestinal crypt. (handwiki.org)
  • Small intestinal crypts house stem cells that serve to constantly replenish epithelial cells that die and are lost from the villi . (handwiki.org)
Short1
  • An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. (lookformedical.com)