• Oligonucleotide synthesis is the chemical synthesis of relatively short fragments of nucleic acids with defined chemical structure (sequence). (wikipedia.org)
  • Whereas enzymes synthesize DNA and RNA only in a 5' to 3' direction, chemical oligonucleotide synthesis does not have this limitation, although it is most often carried out in the opposite, 3' to 5' direction. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are most commonly used as antisense oligonucleotides, small interfering RNA, primers for DNA sequencing and amplification, probes for detecting complementary DNA or RNA via molecular hybridization, tools for the targeted introduction of mutations and restriction sites, and for the synthesis of artificial genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • An emerging application of Oligonucleotide synthesis is the re-creation of viruses from sequence alone - either harmless, such as Phi_X_174, or dangerous such as the 1917 influenza virus or SARS-CoV-2. (wikipedia.org)
  • The evolution of oligonucleotide synthesis saw four major methods of the formation of internucleosidic linkages and has been reviewed in the literature in great detail. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the early 1950s, Alexander Todd's group pioneered H-phosphonate and phosphate triester methods of oligonucleotide synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite the rapidly growing market and increasing demand for RNA oligonucleotides, their production still primarily relies on antiquated chemical synthesis methods. (harvard.edu)
  • In addition, current methods use large quantities of environmentally harmful solvents as well as lengthy purification steps that drastically increase the overall cost of RNA oligonucleotide synthesis, especially at the scales needed for wide distribution of high-quality therapeutics to patients. (harvard.edu)
  • A research team in the Wyss Institute's Synthetic Biology platform lead by George Church, Ph.D., is developing a new enzymatic-based, template-independent RNA oligonucleotide synthesis technology (eRNA) to address the current limitations of traditional chemical synthesis. (harvard.edu)
  • Their scalable, flexible, and cost-efficient synthesis method uses a set of proprietary engineered enzymes and novel nucleotide building blocks to produce accurate, high quality RNA oligonucleotide sequences comprised of natural and non-natural bases at efficiencies that diminish the need for post-reaction purification. (harvard.edu)
  • In addition to providing a substantially "greener" approach to oligonucleotide synthesis via aqueous reaction conditions, this technology could potentially enable the synthesis of highly customized and significantly longer RNA oligonucleotides. (harvard.edu)
  • Current chemical synthesis techniques can synthesize RNA oligonucleotides up to 120 nucleotides, but for extreme costs and at small scales. (harvard.edu)
  • With a newly developed blocking strategy that allows the synthesis system to tightly control nucleotide additions at each step of the growing RNA oligonucleotide chain, the overall accuracy of synthesis is greatly increased - conventional methods are prone to the accumulation of premature truncation products, nucleobase depurination, and insertions/deletions. (harvard.edu)
  • In contrast, existing some RNA synthesis methods introduce a modified nucleotide, like for example a modified A nucleotide at all A-specific positions of the growing RNA oligonucleotide sequence. (harvard.edu)
  • As a consequence of their highly serial synthesis and use of modified nucleotides, oligonucleotides are uniquely susceptible to fairly high levels of synthetic impurities. (biopharminternational.com)
  • The designed intermediate oligonucleotides modified with 5-amino-C6-modifier while a 25-mer poly (A) tail were added at the 3 end of intermediate oligonucleotides during synthesis (Integrated DNA Technologies, Coralville, IA, USA). (cdc.gov)
  • The method, initially developed for the solution-phase synthesis, was also implemented on low-cross-linked "popcorn" polystyrene,[26] and later on controlled pore glass (CPG, see "Solid support material" below), which initiated a massive research effort in solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides and eventually led to the automation of the oligonucleotide chain assembly. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • More recently, high-throughput oligonucleotide synthesis where the solid support is contained in the wells of multi-well plates (most often, 96 or 384 wells per plate) became a method of choice for parallel synthesis of oligonucleotides on small scale. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • Solid supports[edit] In solid-phase synthesis, an oligonucleotide being assembled is covalently bound, via its 3′-terminal hydroxy group, to a solid support material and remains attached to it over the entire course of the chain assembly. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • Solid support material[edit] In contrast to organic solid-phase synthesis and peptide synthesis, the synthesis of oligonucleotides proceeds best on non-swellable or low-swellable solid supports. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • The absence of physical dividers between the sites occupied by individual oligonucleotides, a very limited space on the surface of the microarray (one oligonucleotide sequence occupies a square 25×25 μm)[107] and the requirement of high fidelity of oligonucleotide synthesis dictate the use of site-selective 5′-deprotection techniques. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • Synthesis of oligonucleotides by the H-Phosphonate Method Thirty years later, this work inspired, independently, two research groups to adopt the H-phosphonate chemistry to the solid-phase synthesis using nucleoside H-phosphonate monoesters 7 as building blocks and pivaloyl chloride, 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (TPS-Cl), and other compounds as activators. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • Phosphoramidites (often abbreviated as amidites) are building blocks used in chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides. (thermofisher.com)
  • Read about: Oligo synthesis Oligo usage in diagnostics Oligo usage in therapeutics Phosphoramidites in oligo manufacturing Phosphoramidite considerations for diagnostic applications Phosphoramidite considerations for therapeutic applications, Oligonucleotides (oligos) are short pieces of DNA and RNA. (thermofisher.com)
  • Dye-labeled phosphoramidites are intended for oligonucleotide synthesis designed for molecular assays, microscopy, and microarrays. (thermofisher.com)
  • Browse through our curated selection of learning resources to enable your success in oligonucleotide synthesis for diagnostic and therapeutic development. (thermofisher.com)
  • Succinates are used for the derivatization of controlled pore glass, polystyrene, or other supports for solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. (thermofisher.com)
  • Oligos or oligonucleotides are the building blocks for numerous biotechnology processes, including chemical gene synthesis. (drcric.com)
  • Gene synthesis begins with creating specific oligonucleotides based on the target DNA. (drcric.com)
  • Gene synthesis companies typically use phosphoramidite synthesis to generate target oligonucleotides up to 200 base pairs in the 3' to 5' directionality. (drcric.com)
  • Phosphoramidite chemistry/synthesis eliminates errors in oligonucleotide synthesis, especially for molecules featuring shorter base pairs. (drcric.com)
  • The target oligonucleotide design and optimization for length and temperature sets the pace for the synthesis process. (drcric.com)
  • As highlighted above, specificity is key to successful oligonucleotide synthesis. (drcric.com)
  • The sourcing of reliable and pure modified phosphoramidite precursors for oligo synthesis will prove an important step in the production of such therapeutics for use in gene therapy, RNA-induced gene silencing and further academic research. (pharmaceuticalmanufacturer.media)
  • The method of synthesis and purification of a nucleoside and/or a nucleotide, a modified nucleoside and/or nucleotide, a DNA molecule and an oligonucleotide library comprising said modified nucleoside and/or nucleotide, and the use of said oligonucleotide library"] i wydał decyzję o udzieleniu patentu europejskiego. (purebiologics.com)
  • The Oligonucleotide Cleanup protocol efficiently removes unincorporated nucleotides, short oligos, dyes, enzymes, and salts from labeling and other enzymatic reactions. (neb.com)
  • Automated oligo synthesizers complete sequential chemical reactions using phosphoramidites to produce the nucleotide chains of synthetic oligos. (thermofisher.com)
  • Our standard custom DNA oligonucleotides are synthesized on a highly automated, computer-controlled system using cyanoethyl phosphoramidite chemistry and subject to rigorous quality control procedures, just like our Value Oligos. (thermofisher.com)
  • The rise in demand for modified oligos is not only concurrent with the wealth of research in the drug delivery sector, but also with the progression of promising early-stage drug development into phased clinical trials. (pharmaceuticalmanufacturer.media)
  • Such commercial progressions are utilising increasing quantities of these chemically-altered oligos and, as such, Link Technologies has witnessed a rise in order quantities of the constituent modified phosphoramidites to the scale of kilogramme and beyond. (pharmaceuticalmanufacturer.media)
  • The technique is extremely useful in current laboratory practice because it provides a rapid and inexpensive access to custom-made oligonucleotides of the desired sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • To obtain the desired oligonucleotide, the building blocks are sequentially coupled to the growing oligonucleotide chain in the order required by the sequence of the product (see Synthetic cycle below). (wikipedia.org)
  • 5-Octadinynyl dU is a modified base with an 8-carbon linker terminating in an alkyne group and is the preferred way to insert alkynes at internal positions within a sequence. (idtdna.com)
  • Capture oligonucleotides that did not bind to any known sequence of influenza A viruses were included as array internal positive controls. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, a universal primer set previously reported to amplify all eight gene segments was modified by adding a 13 bp in length of flanking sequence (5-ACGACGGGCGACA-3) at the 5 end of each primer to enhance the annealing temperature and achieve high fidelity and yield in PCR amplification. (cdc.gov)
  • Sequence-dependent specificity was confirmed by modifying 2 to 3 nucleotide residues in the seed binding region of the lead sequences, which in each case significantly reduced induction of target mRNA compared to the parental saRNA sequences. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Compared to LC-MS/MS, sequencing-based methods identify modified bases affiliated with their sequence context, which facilitates a comprehensive genome-wide analysis along with downstream functional studies 28 . (nature.com)
  • Majority of the assays identify specific sequence through hybridization of an immobilized probe to the target analyte after the latter has been modified with a covalently linked optical probe. (nanomaterialpowder.com)
  • Due to the nature of their structure, oligonucleotides cover a wide range due to differences based on mechanism of action, chemical modifications, size, sequence, etc. (propharmagroup.com)
  • Ideally, the oligonucleotides used in a gene sequence must have similar thermodynamic properties and be target-specific to facilitate accurate sequence optimization. (drcric.com)
  • Sequence optimization occurs via oligonucleotide elongation to enhance specificity and thermodynamic temperature realization. (drcric.com)
  • Oligonucleotide design goes hand-in-hand with a sequence analysis to determine how to break down the sequence into synthesizable fragments. (drcric.com)
  • Modified comparative genomic analysis was used to find the best specific target sequence to detect S. epidermidis . (ajmb.org)
  • The 﫿rst step in generating OPTiKD hPSCs consists in obtaining oligonucleotides to be used to clone the shRNA sequence in the targeting vector. (berterolab.com)
  • Brie﫿y, two single-stranded oligonucleotides are annealed to form a double-stranded DNA sequence containing the shRNA sequence followed by a Pol III terminator (consisting of a stretch of four or more thymidines), as well as 5'- and 3'-end "sticky" overhangs that are complementary to those generated in the targeting vector following restriction digestion with BglII and SalI (Figures 3E and 4C). (berterolab.com)
  • A) Sequence from the TRC shRNA database as obtained from the Sigma-Aldrich Web site (top) and after trimming of extra nucleotides (shRNA proper, bottom). (berterolab.com)
  • It looks at variations in the sequence of nucleotides, the basic units of the DNA, represented by letters " A " for Adenine, " T " for Thymine, " C " for Cytosine, and " G " for Guanine. (hello100.com)
  • The sequences for capture and intermediate oligonucleotides were designed and prepared as described previously. (cdc.gov)
  • The selected nucleotide sequences were further aligned to identify significant divergent or conserved regions for detection and differentiation of subtypes. (cdc.gov)
  • At least five 19-nucleotide sequences from the algorithm for each target were synthesized with mUmU overhangs at the 3´ ends of both strands to improve stability and reduce nonspecific immunogenicity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Methods: Thirty-two degenerate oligonucleotides DNA primers of 24 nucleotides each were synthesized based on the published amino acid sequences of peanut BBTI. (usda.gov)
  • Non-specific oligonucleotides create incorrect gene sequences during assembly. (drcric.com)
  • Pdf differences in gene sequences, many of which are single nucleotide. (web.app)
  • Workflows for the analysis oligonucleotides by high resolution LCMS to support therapeutic drug development can often cover a wide range of modalities, ranging from heavily modified sequences to very large chains that exceed more than 50 nucleotide b. (analyteguru.com)
  • Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) are short, double-stranded oligonucleotides designed to specifically upregulate target mRNA and protein expression by loading into an Ago2 complex for nuclear translocation and activation of RNA polymerase II activity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • EcoRI, NotI, and BamHI from multiple suppliers were tested in reactions containing a fluorescent labeled single stranded, double stranded blunt, 3'overhang or 5' overhang containing oligonucleotides. (neb.com)
  • Oligonucleotides are short single or double-stranded fragments of DNA or RNA. (propharmagroup.com)
  • Learn how to achieve superior reversed phase oligonucleotide separations using the unique chemistry designed for analysis of oligonucleotides and double-stranded (ds) DNA/RNA fragments using LC-UV or LC-MS. Here we will focus on Specifically designed. (analyteguru.com)
  • Typically, synthetic oligonucleotides are single-stranded DNA or RNA molecules around 15-25 bases in length. (wikipedia.org)
  • Oligonucleotide therapeutics are an up-and-coming class of drugs comprised of short DNA and/or RNA molecules that modulate the expression of target RNA for the treatment of diseases. (thermofisher.com)
  • For larger molecules such as oligonucleotides, however, the resulting molar specific activity after carbon-14 (62.4 mCi/mmol) labeling might be insufficient for a quantitative determination by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). (springeropen.com)
  • using functionalized Au NPs for biosensing, namely, sensing of DNA and oligonucleotides, SPR biosensor with functionalized Au NPs, cell detection and labeling with functionalized Au NPs, protein detection, detecting heavy metal ions, sensing of glucose, and sensing of other biological-related molecules with functionalized gold nanoparticles, respectively. (nanomaterialpowder.com)
  • Since oligonucleotides are complex molecules and have complex profiles, the FDA acknowledges the difficulty in generalizing clinical pharmacology considerations across the class. (propharmagroup.com)
  • Aldehydes are highly reactive molecules that can be used to link oligonucleotides to other biomolecules. (biomers.net)
  • Maleimides react readily with the thiol group of proteins, thiol-modified oligonucleotides, and other thiol-containing molecules under neutral conditions. (aatbio.com)
  • microRNAs are small RNA molecules, typically 20 to 25 nucleotides in length, that do not encode proteins but instead regulate gene expression. (regulusrx.com)
  • His research interests are oligonucleotide therapeutics and antibiotic development. (rsc.org)
  • Importantly, this level of control also enables the introduction of modified oligonucleotides - many of which thus far have been inaccessible as building blocks for RNA therapeutics - at defined positions. (harvard.edu)
  • Oligonucleotides are a chemically distinct class from small-molecule or protein therapeutics and present their own unique challenges for characterization and quantification. (biopharminternational.com)
  • View available technical assets related to using phosphoramidites in the development of oligonucleotide diagnostics and therapeutics. (thermofisher.com)
  • Common types of oligonucleotide therapeutics include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs. (thermofisher.com)
  • Linker phosphoramidites provide options to link oligonucleotides to additional groups (e.g., chemical delivery system for therapeutics, fluorescent dyes, amines, phosphates) or attach to a solid surface like a DNA chip. (thermofisher.com)
  • Oligonucleotide therapeutics have attracted much attention recently. (thermofisher.com)
  • For oligonucleotide therapeutics, there are several possible mechanisms for DDI. (propharmagroup.com)
  • Regulus is developing microRNA therapeutics targeting miR-33 using proprietary chemically modified anti-miR oligonucleotides delivered systemically. (regulusrx.com)
  • The occurrence of side reactions sets practical limits for the length of synthetic oligonucleotides (up to about 200 nucleotide residues) because the number of errors accumulates with the length of the oligonucleotide being synthesized. (wikipedia.org)
  • When generating synthetic oligonucleotides, including a terminal 3' or 5' phosphate requires alternate manufacturing steps to maintain or add the modification. (idtdna.com)
  • Synthetic RNA oligonucleotides designed as specific successions of the four nucleobases A, U, G, and C that mimic naturally occurring RNA species are the key components of diverse RNA-based therapies. (harvard.edu)
  • A phosphoramidite respective to the 3′-terminal nucleoside residue is coupled to the universal solid support in the first synthetic cycle of oligonucleotide chain assembly using the standard protocols. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • Special solid supports are used for the attachment of desired functional or reporter groups at the 3'-terminus of synthetic oligonucleotides. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • The nucleotide includes the nucleoside, a nitrogenous base bonded to a deoxyribose or ribose group. (wikibooks.org)
  • By the joining one or more phosphate groups to a nucleoside through ester linkages, a nucleotide is formed. (wikibooks.org)
  • The activated phosphoramidite in 1.5 - 20-fold excess over the support-bound material is then brought in contact with the starting solid support (first coupling) or a support-bound oligonucleotide precursor (following couplings) whose 5′-hydroxy group reacts with the activated phosphoramidite moiety of the incoming nucleoside phosphoramidite to form a phosphite triester linkage. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • Are you attaching the oligonucleotide to another molecule or surface? (idtdna.com)
  • All of these modifications can be used to link an oligonucleotide with another molecule or a surface. (idtdna.com)
  • RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
  • Dec 07, 2015 sitedirected mutagenesis, also called sitespecific mutagenesis or oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, is a molecular biology technique often used in bio molecular engineering in which a mutation is created at a defined site in a dna molecule. (web.app)
  • To evaluate capture oligonucleotides in the nanomicroarray assay, PCR primers sets for amplification of HA, NA, and M genes of H2N2, H7N2, H7N3 and H9N2 were designed and are listed in Technical Appendix Table 1. (cdc.gov)
  • Mipomersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, is a novel approach in the management of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) 14 . (ijpsr.com)
  • Interfering RNA and antisense oligonucleotide treatments currently available in France: an update]. (cdc.gov)
  • Thermo Scientific DNA phosphoramidites are built to meet the varying needs of oligonucleotide manufacturers for the development of therapeutic, diagnostic, and research applications. (thermofisher.com)
  • Structural, nonstandard phosphoramidites are used to synthesize modified oligonucleotides. (thermofisher.com)
  • The technique begins with phosphoramidites or modified nucleotides attached to polymeric support to facilitate elongation via sequential addition, adding new nucleotides to the chain to form an oligonucleotide. (drcric.com)
  • A novel approach to tritium-labeled antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) was established by conjugating N -succinimidyl propionate, as well as maleimide-derivatives, to the 3′-end of ASOs targeting metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) containing amino- or sulfhydryl-linkers. (springeropen.com)
  • Therapies based on oligonucleotides are relatively new, with a few antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) products being recently approved by FDA and several more in development. (propharmagroup.com)
  • The Monarch PCR & DNA Cleanup Kit protocol can be modified to enable the purification of ssDNA, oligonucleotides, and other small DNA fragments. (neb.com)
  • NEB began switching our BSA-containing reaction buffers in April 2021 to buffers containing Recombinant Albumin (rAlbumin) for restriction enzymes and some DNA modifying enzymes. (neb.com)
  • Although direct effects of cytochrome P450 enzymes or various transporters on the pharmacokinetics of an oligonucleotide is minimal and generally not anticipated, these should be assessed as described in the guidance entitled "In Vitro Drug Interaction Studies - Cytochrome P450 Enzyme- and Transporter-Mediated Drug Interactions" dated January 2020. (propharmagroup.com)
  • Sitedirected mutagenesis is an invaluable tool to modify genes and study the structural and functional properties of a protein, based on the structure, function, catalytic mechanism, and catalytic residues of enzymes. (web.app)
  • 1. Fluorescent dye maleimides are the most popular tool for conjugating dyes to a peptide, protein, antibody, thiol-modified oligonucleotide or nucleic acid through their SH group. (aatbio.com)
  • Using viral RNA, Stephenson and Zamecnik ( 1978 ) demonstrated in 1978 that translation of proteins could be efficiently inhibited in vitro by competitive hybridization with antisense oligonucleotides (ASO). (springeropen.com)
  • Although the data to date indicates that oligonucleotides do not typically have an effect on cardiac activity including QTc prolongation and proarrhythmic effects, it is important to develop an assessment plan in line with the FDA guidance entitled "E14 Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs" dated October 2012 and discuss this plan with FDA. (propharmagroup.com)
  • The screening process identified active saRNAs for all 4 targets leading to upregulation of target mRNA by 1.9 to 6.7-fold at 48-72 hours post transfection compared to oligonucleotide transfection controls. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This offers various means to couple an oligonucleotide that has been modified in such a way to e.g. dyes or proteins. (biomers.net)
  • IDT Azide modification uses an NHS ester functional group to attach an azide moiety at the 5', 3', or any internal position in an oligonucleotide. (idtdna.com)
  • Phosphoramidite chemistry utilization entails using nucleotides or DNA monomers to grow an oligonucleotide chain in the 3' to 5' directionality. (drcric.com)
  • Cholesterol can be conjugated to oligonucleotides and can facilitate uptake into cells. (idtdna.com)
  • Modified nucleotide building blocks can stabilize RNA oligonucleotide products, uniquely endow RNA oligonucleotides with functional properties, and facilitate delivery to their molecular targets within the body's tissues. (harvard.edu)
  • Various automated synthesizers facilitate oligonucleotide design in a lab setting. (drcric.com)
  • For example, researchers have recently highlighted the value of utilising vitamin-modified oligonucleotides, such as those containing tocopherol1, to facilitate oligonucleotide transport across cell membranes. (pharmaceuticalmanufacturer.media)
  • Second, oligonucleotides are designed to add appropriate 5'- and 3'-end overhangs to facilitate directional cloning. (berterolab.com)
  • Multiple degenerate capture and intermediate oligonucleotides (usually four or five, respectively) complementary to the conserved regions covering the entire genome of each subtype were designed. (cdc.gov)
  • 30] Once a phosphoramidite has been coupled to the solid support-bound oligonucleotide and the phosphite moieties have been converted to the P(V) species, the presence of the phosphate protection is not mandatory for the successful conducting of further coupling reactions. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • The co-precipitation of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPs) in the presence of nucleotide chains such as polynucleotides ( i.e. , plasmid DNA and siRNA) and oligonucleotides has been extensively used for pre-clinical gene or drug delivery and immunotherapy studies. (rsc.org)
  • Jun 10, 2009 oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis using plasmid vectors has been simplified by introducing two changes to the previous method. (web.app)
  • Furthermore, the oligonucleotides are designed to destroy the BglII restriction enzyme site in the 﫿nal plasmid in order to allow ​screening of correct recombinant clones by diagnostic restriction digestion (Figure 4D). (berterolab.com)
  • But recently, when a detection method for the crop became available (thus potentially causing canola imports to the EU to be rejected as unauthorised GMOs), Cibus did a U-turn and claimed that the crop was not after all produced using its much-hyped oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM) method of gene editing, but was a product of random mutation in the Petri dish during the tissue culture phase of development! (gmwatch.org)
  • We were pleased to find that some of the plants had the specific mutation the oligonucleotide was designed to induce, but the majority of the tolerant plants had a variety of different mutations that had arisen spontaneously during the cell culture process. (gmwatch.org)
  • In September 2020, a scientific article provided an open-source method to detect a mutation induced in a genetically modified (GM) canola [1] by the company Cibus [2]. (gmwatch.org)
  • The method is very convenient in that various types of phosphate modifications (phosphate/phosphorothioate/phosphoramidate) may be introduced to the same oligonucleotide for modulation of its properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • Learn about our broad family of oligonucleotide modifications and get suggestions for selecting modifications that can help you in your research. (idtdna.com)
  • IDT offers hundreds of useful modifications for oligonucleotides. (idtdna.com)
  • Modifications at the 3´-terminus of oligonucleotides make them more resistant against exonuclease digestion. (biomers.net)
  • Detection of DNA, aptamers, and oligonucleotide has received great attention in the past few years because it has important applications in medical research and diagnosis and food and drug industry monitoring. (nanomaterialpowder.com)
  • In this section, we will discuss a few examples of using functionalized Au NPs as ultrasensitive tools for sensing DNA, aptamers, and oligonucleotides. (nanomaterialpowder.com)
  • This critical design ensures that the target gene is captured on the microarray, hybridized with intermediate oligonucleotides and detected using the gold nanoparticle probe. (cdc.gov)
  • The apurinic sites thus formed are readily cleaved in the course of the final deprotection of the oligonucleotide under the basic conditions (see below) to give two shorter oligonucleotides thus reducing the yield of the full-length product. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • We examined the influence of CpGs with naturally-occurring phosphodiester or modified phosphorothioate backbones on the homogeneous formation of CaPs from a modified simulated body fluid solution. (rsc.org)
  • Schematic structure of two nucleotides linked together with a phosphorothioate bridge. (springeropen.com)
  • We found that modified DNA bases are prone to form a local open region that allows capture by antibody, for example, via a DNA breathing or base-flipping mechanism. (nature.com)
  • Chemically modified antimiR oligonucleotides sequester the mature miRNA in competition with cellular target mRNAs leading to functional inhibition of the miRNA and derepression of the direct targets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The major limitation of the phosphodiester method consisted in the formation of pyrophosphate oligomers and oligonucleotides branched at the internucleosidic phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, all IDT oligonucleotides are shipped without a terminal phosphate group unless requested. (idtdna.com)
  • Oligonucleotides find a variety of applications in molecular biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • In pairing with our Tide Quencher™ 8WS (TQ8WS), a variety of FRET peptides and nucleotides can be developed for detecting proteases and molecular beacons with enhanced sensitivity and stability. (aatbio.com)
  • After the completion of the coupling reaction, a small percentage of the solid support-bound 5′-OH groups (0.1 to 1%) remains unreacted and needs to be permanently blocked from further chain elongation to prevent the formation of oligonucleotides with an internal base deletion commonly referred to as (n-1) shortmers. (3dresearchspecs.com)
  • Two new drugs have been approved by the US FDA in the recent past for FH, namely mipomersen, an anti-sense oligo-nucleotide and lomitapide, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. (ijpsr.com)
  • Oligonucleotides include a wide variety of synthetically modified RNA or RNA/DNA hybrids which usually act by altering the target RNA and/or protein expression. (propharmagroup.com)
  • Predicting oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis failures in protein engineering christopher d. (web.app)
  • The FDA suggests that sponsors take into account the overall characteristics of the specific oligonucleotide under development, such as its chemistry, its target site of action, mechanism of action, in vitro data and nonclinical data when developing the overall program and present this to the relevant review division to obtain concurrence. (propharmagroup.com)
  • This azide moiety may subsequently be used to attach alkyne modified groups using the click reaction. (idtdna.com)
  • Methods: Qligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) were prepared with 111 In attached by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) at the 5' end or 3' end through a long chemical linker or to an internal nucleotide position through a short linker. (korea.ac.kr)
  • The majority of DNA breaks in duplex formations were located within ±10 nucleotides from the site of attachment of the 111 In-bearing linker. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Due to the fact that such click reactions work efficiently in aqueous media, they are very much suitable for modifying biomolecules or linking different biomolecules together. (biomers.net)
  • On the other hand, the deprotecting group deprotects one nucleotide at a time to allow covalent bond formation. (drcric.com)
  • Thiol links are frequently used to bind an oligonucleotide as a thioether covalent to maleimides. (biomers.net)
  • Using specific antisense oligonucleotides, we have also examined the effect of depleting synapsin III on neurite elongation and synaptogenesis. (jneurosci.org)
  • We have used oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis to make a specific change in the betalactamase ec 3. (web.app)
  • 111 In-labeled oligonucleotides of high specific activity (740- 1554 TBq/mmol) were synthesized. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Here, proteins, peptides or other biomolecules, as well as surfaces, can be coupled to an OPSS-modified oligonucleotide. (biomers.net)
  • In a talk titled 'Therapeutic Targeting of microRNAs,' Dr. Gibson will present new data demonstrating that the inhibition of microRNA-33 with proprietary oligonucleotide anti-miRs in animal models increased levels of HDL-cholesterol (the 'good' cholesterol) and reduced levels of triglycerides. (regulusrx.com)
  • According to the information provided by Cibus, as we will see, this canola was obtained by an oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis technique carried out on cells multiplied in vitro. (gmwatch.org)
  • In conclusion, this new method provides a powerful technique for fast and safe access to tritium-labeled oligonucleotides, e.g., for pharmacokinetic, mass balance, or autoradiography studies. (springeropen.com)
  • 1G/A:guanine/adenosine found on the first translated nucleotide following cloning into the H1 promoter. (berterolab.com)
  • We designed saRNA to target the IL-23A, IL-36g, OX40L, and UCP2 transcripts using our proprietary algorithm that bind to long noncoding RNA at position +2000 to -2000 nucleotides relative to the transcriptional start site. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The aminolink is used as well with DNA arrays to bind oligonucleotides to adequately prepared surfaces. (biomers.net)
  • Products are often isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to obtain the desired oligonucleotides in high purity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In conclusion, putative peanut trypsin inhibitors have been isolated and reveal high similiarity at the nucleotide and amino acid level to peanut allergen Ara h 3 and Ara h 4. (usda.gov)