We are now focusing on fully understanding all the components required to trigger appropriate activation of dendritic cells in HIV infection, which may help to induce an elite-controller-like, drug-free remission of HIV in a broader patient population, explains Yu, an associate professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Apoptosis1
Here, we determined the effect of Jiyuan oridonin A (JOA), an ent -kaurene diterpenoid compound, on the differentiation blockade in imatinib-sensitive, particularly, imatinib-resistant CML cells with BCR-ABL-T315I mutation by cell proliferation assay, apoptosis analysis, cell differentiation analysis, cell cycle analysis and colony formation assay. (jcancer.org)
Chemotherapy1
however, the poor stability of emulsified chemotherapy drugs by iodinated oil always leads to serious systemic cytotoxicity. (bvsalud.org)
Efficacy4
Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy. (wikipedia.org)
Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of idarubicin-loaded drug-eluting beads-transarterial chemoembolization (IDA-TACE) and epirubicin-loaded drug-eluting beads-TACE (EPI-TACE) in treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (bvsalud.org)
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of traditional laser photocoagulation, laser combined with intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial factor (anti-VEGF) drugs and intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs alone in Coats disease.Methods:The patients diagnosed as Coats disease stage 2B-3A2 in Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University from December 2016 to November 2019 were included in this study. (bvsalud.org)
Targets3
After sequencing of the human genome allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease-modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. (wikipedia.org)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most intensively studied drug targets, and account for about ~34% of all drugs approved by the FDA. (labroots.com)
Our organ-on-chip technology has progressed to the point where we can now fight drug targets instead of fighting the chip design," said Kit Parker, the Tarr Family Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics at SEAS and senior author of the study. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Examples3
Examples of drug compounds isolated from crude preparations are morphine, the active agent in opium, and digoxin, a heart stimulant originating from Digitalis lanata. (wikipedia.org)
There are a few high-profile examples of rationally and molecularly targeted therapies, but we need to do much better if we are to shift the entire pattern of treatment to drugs that have high potency but mild side effects. (biomedcentral.com)
Examples of drugs targeting GPCRs includ. (labroots.com)
Substances2
More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. (wikipedia.org)
Historically, substances, whether crude extracts or purified chemicals, were screened for biological activity without knowledge of the biological target. (wikipedia.org)
Discovery6
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. (wikipedia.org)
Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. (wikipedia.org)
Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). (wikipedia.org)
Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, "expensive, difficult, and inefficient process" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. (wikipedia.org)
This approach is known as classical pharmacology, forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery. (wikipedia.org)
Following the discovery of chemotherapeutics, the next significant advance came in the 1960s with the straightforward notion of combining drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
Development7
Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, the process of drug development can continue. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we discuss how research has driven cancer drug development in the past and describe how recent advances in biology, technology, our conceptual understanding of cell networks and removal of some roadblocks may facilitate therapeutic advances in the (hopefully) near future. (biomedcentral.com)
Several articles have extensively reviewed the history of cancer drug development [ 1 ] and so here we will only pick out the salient points. (biomedcentral.com)
Around the same time, and building on the observation that the vitamin folic acid could stimulate acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, Farber used folate analogs such as aminopterin and then amethopterin (methotrexate) to treat ALL, in what is often heralded as the first 'rational' drug development approach [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For cancer, it was considered that the development of resistance to a battery of agents used concurrently, rather than a single drug, was less likely. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, the development of new, effective drugs is a very important unmet medical need. (cancerindex.org)
Advances in nanotechnology resulted in the development of targeted and multifunctional nanoscale drug constructs. (preprints.org)
Patients5
These recommendations provide practical suggestions for the screening and management of TB and other comorbidities, and offer an approach to monitoring of RA patients. (samj.org.za)
All patients with HCC treated with TACE in our hospital between June 2020 and January 2022 were screened. (bvsalud.org)
Imatinib approved by the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) in 2001 was the mainstay of first-line drug for CML patients as the first-generation TKIs. (jcancer.org)
Subsequent clinical trials have confirmed the utility of this drug in ERα-positive breast cancer patients and tamoxifen has now been given to millions of women and has saved countless lives. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients were divided into three groups, including laser group, combined group and drug group, according to the different treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical trials1
To be allowed to come to market, drugs must undergo several successful phases of clinical trials, and pass through a new drug approval process, called the New Drug Application in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
Properties1
Antitumor properties of the Curcuma longa l. (sibmed.net)
Target1
Later, small molecules were synthesized to specifically target a known physiological/pathological pathway, avoiding the mass screening of banks of stored compounds. (wikipedia.org)
Cell2
The results of the ELISA assay in the cell culture supernatants were expressed as pg/ml/105 cells. (hormonessignaling.com)
comparison of the artus epstein-barr virus (ebv) pcr kit and the abbott realtime ebv assay for measuring plasma ebv dna loads in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Cells5
The cells and the supernatants were harvested 48 h after transfection for semiquantitative RT-PCR and ELISA assays. (hormonessignaling.com)
Semiquantitative RT-PCR and Gefitinib mouse ELISA assays Total RNA was extracted from the cells with Trizol Reagent (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA). (hormonessignaling.com)
It is widely accepted, although clouded by the secrecy of war [ 2 ], that the first tentative steps to treating cancer with drugs emanated from the observation that exposure to chemical warfare agents ('poison gases'), such as nitrogen mustards, could limit the proliferative nature of rapidly dividing lymphoid cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Both HDLM-2 and HDLM-2dx cells had an intrinsic resistance to BV but not to the drug MMAE. (preprints.org)
In HRSdx cells, less sensitive to DNA damage and oxidative stress, the efflux drug transporters MDR1 and MRP1 were not up-regulated, and doxorubicin accumulated in cytoplasm rather than in nucleus. (preprints.org)
Anti-infla1
Most uveitis seen in Western countries is noninfectious and appears to be autoimmune or autoinflammatory in nature, requiring treatment with immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory drugs. (dovepress.com)
Treatment3
Updated treatment recommendations for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in South Africa advocate early diagnosis, prompt initiation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and an intense treatment strategy where disease activity is assessed with a composite score such as the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI). (samj.org.za)
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a highly curable disease (70-80%), even though long-term toxicities, drug resistance, and predicting clinical responses to therapy are major challenges in cHL treatment. (preprints.org)
Investigators from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the Ragon Institute of MGH, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard have added another piece to the puzzle of how a small group of individuals known as elite controllers are able to control HIV infection without drug treatment. (regenerativemedicine.net)
Advances1
Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances. (wikipedia.org)
Design1
We all screened a multiple mediational design using Hayes' bootstrapping approach (ie, PROCESS v3.Several). (alksignaling.com)
Disease3
Frequent assessments and escalation of therapy are necessary until low disease activity (LDA) (SDAI ≤11) or ideally remission (SDAI ≤3.3) is achieved. (samj.org.za)
and ( iii ) the emergence of biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). (samj.org.za)
Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. (wikipedia.org)
Specific2
The idea that the effect of a drug in the human body is mediated by specific interactions of the drug molecule with biological macromolecules, (proteins or nucleic acids in most cases) led scientists to the conclusion that individual chemicals are required for the biological activity of the drug. (wikipedia.org)
Register your specific details and specific drugs of interest and we will match the information you provide to articles from our extensive database and email PDF copies to you promptly. (dovepress.com)
Poor1
Due to various factors including socioeconomic factors, compliance is poor to anti-tuberculosis drugs, leading to resistance. (preprints.org)
Process1
Drug resistance (DR) is a complex process that occurs due to a variety of genetic and acquired factors. (preprints.org)
Review1
In this educational review, we outline the ideal characteristics of drugs for uveitis and review the data to support the use of current and emerging therapies in this context. (dovepress.com)
Health1
Conclusion Multi-drug resistance tuberculosis is very prevalent in Pakistan, which may increase burden on health care system and may lead to various complications of tuberculosis. (preprints.org)