Mitral olfactory nerve. Medical search. Frequent questions

Within the nasal cavity , the turbinates or nasal conchae serve to direct the inspired air toward the olfactory epithelium in the upper posterior region. (medscape.com)
The olfactory epithelium consists of 3 cell types: basal, supporting, and olfactory receptor cells. (medscape.com)
As previously mentioned, the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) sends fibers to the olfactory epithelium to detect caustic chemicals, such as ammonia. (medscape.com)
The olfactory bulb is supported and protected by the cribriform plate which in mammals, separates it from the olfactory epithelium , and which is perforated by olfactory nerve axons. (wikidoc.org)
It receives axonal input from the vomeronasal organ , a distinct sensory epithelium from the main olfactory epithelium that detects pheremones, among other chemical stimuli. (wikidoc.org)
As a neural circuit, the olfactory bulb has one source of sensory input (axons from olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory epithelium), and one output (mitral cell axons). (wikidoc.org)
It is formed by the axons of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS which project from the olfactory epithelium (in the nasal epithelium) to the OLFACTORY BULB. (lookformedical.com)
Neurons in the OLFACTORY EPITHELIUM with proteins (RECEPTORS, ODORANT) that bind, and thus detect, odorants. (lookformedical.com)
Heavy label uptake in the olfactory epithelium in superficial and deep locations is very clear. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
These odor molecules contact a tissue called the olfactory epithelium (Fig. 1), which contains olfactory receptor cells that lock onto these odor molecules. (acs.org)
4) olfactory epithelium, and (5) glomerulus. (acs.org)
The heavy label uptake in the olfactory epithelium indicates active proliferation, some parts show a separation between superficial and deep labeled cells, but other areas have homogeneous label uptake. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
These cells always remain in situ in the olfactory epithelium, just as the most primitive sensory cells do in Hydra (Fig. 439, p. 497). (co.ma)
(B) A coronal section of the main olfactory epithelium, dorsal to the upper right. (frontiersin.org)
OSNs are located in the olfactory epithelium in the nose, where its cell bodies are distributed among all three of its stratified layers. (psychologic.science)
The olfactory epithelium has a thin layer of mucus covering its surface. (psychologic.science)
In this activation process, an odorant molecule will dissolve into the mucous membrane of the olfactory epithelium and subsequently bind to an olfactory receptor. (psychologic.science)
In man this organ is rudimentary, but in many of the lower animals it is well developed (Fig. 673), and probably plays a part in the sense of smell, since it is lined with epithelium similar to that covering the olfactory region, and is supplied by branches of the olfactory nerve. (co.ma)
In addition to the olfactory neurons, the epithelium is composed of supporting cells, Bowman glands and ducts unique to the olfactory epithelium, and basal cells that allow for the regeneration of the epithelium, including the olfactory sensory neurons. (medscape.com)
Olfactory nerves and fibers transmit odor information from the peripheral olfactory system to the central olfactory brain system that is separated from the epithelium by the ethmoid bone cribriform. (writingestate.com)
Olfactory nerve fibers coming from the epithelium cross the caliphal platform linking the epithelium with an olfactory bulb's brain limbic system. (writingestate.com)
The main cell type of the main olfactory epithelium is the olfactory receptor, a specialized neuron type. (uvigo.es)

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body. (lookformedical.com)
An olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) is a component within the olfactory system used to detect airborne chemicals that are inhaled, which gives rise to the sense of olfaction or smell. (psychologic.science)
The olfactory sensory neuron is equipped with a rapid negative feedback mechanism upon depolarization. (psychologic.science)
Each OSN singly expresses only one type of olfactory receptor, which is a phenomenon that has been called the "one neuron, one receptor" rule. (psychologic.science)
2004). Olfactory receptor neuron profiling using sandalwood odorants. (psychologic.science)
This is a model of the mammalian olfactory bulb for the NEURON simulator. (yale.edu)
Cilia (small hair) in olfactory neurons containing olfactory molecules that bind to molecules of odor, leading to electric response that spreads to olfactory nerve fibers at the back via the sensory neuron. (writingestate.com)
Olfactory receptor neuron - Neuron: Olfactory receptor neuron Labels in German. (academic.ru)
action potential: occurs when a neuron is displaying a nerve impulse. (studygate.com)

The glomerular layer is the most superficial layer, consisting of mitral cell dendritic arborizations (glomeruli), olfactory nerve fibers, and periglomerular cells. (medscape.com)
Periglomerular cells contact multiple mitral cell dendrites within the glomeruli and provide lateral inhibition of neighboring glomeruli while allowing excitation of a specific mitral cell dendritic tree. (medscape.com)
Application of glutamate receptor antagonists or tetrodotoxin directly into single rat olfactory glomeruli blocked postsynaptic responses but did not affect the local odor-evoked CBF increases. (jneurosci.org)
We conclude that activation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors and rises in dendritic calcium are major steps for neurovascular coupling in olfactory bulb glomeruli. (jneurosci.org)
The ends of the axons cluster in spherical structures known as glomeruli such that each glomerulus receives input primarily from olfactory receptor neurons that express the same olfactory receptor . (wikidoc.org)
Glomeruli are also permeated by dendrites from neurons called mitral cells , which in turn output to the olfactory cortex . (wikidoc.org)
Numerous interneuron types exist in the olfactory bulb including periglomerular cells which synapse within and between glomeruli, and granule cells which synapse with mitral cells. (wikidoc.org)
Like the main olfactory bulb, axonal input to the accessory olfactory bulb forms synapses with mitral cells within glomeruli. (wikidoc.org)
The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. (lookformedical.com)
This generates electrical signals that are relayed to clusters of nerve cells called glomeruli. (acs.org)
To see whether our mitral cells' odor afterimages were simply the result of sustained input from the receptors, Sam (the 2nd author) performed calcium imaging of glomeruli, which contain the terminals of olfactory sensory neurons. (trailofpapers.net)
Given that some glomeruli did have post-odor responses, we tried to compare the post-odor activity in glomeruli and mitral cells using a template matching prediction algorithm. (trailofpapers.net)
The axons of these OSNs that express the same olfactory receptors come together to form glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. (psychologic.science)

These signals, which are not detected consciously as odors by the olfactory system, mediate human autonomic, psychological, and endocrine responses. (medscape.com)
Odors enter the nose (or olfactory rosette in fishes) and interact with the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons. (wikipedia.org)
The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction , the perception of odors. (wikidoc.org)
The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS. (lookformedical.com)
So I was recording the responses of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb while mice smelled odors, and I noticed something odd. (trailofpapers.net)
2004). Olfactory receptors on different OSNs can detect new odors from background environmental odors. (psychologic.science)
That being said, there are many separate OSNs that express olfactory receptors, which bind to the same set of odors. (psychologic.science)
Individual odors are characterized by patterns of activated neurons in an olfactory region. (psychologic.science)

The glomerular layer receives direct input from olfactory nerves, made up of the axons from approximately ten million olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory mucosa , a region of the nasal cavity . (wikidoc.org)
That portion of the nasal mucosa containing the sensory nerve endings for SMELL, located at the dome of each NASAL CAVITY. (lookformedical.com)
The main olfactory system originates from the olfactory mucosa and projects to the main olfactory bulb (MOB), while the VNO, described by Jacobson in 1813 ( Trotier and Doving, 1998 ) projects to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB, see Figure 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
We conclude from our study that the CNS can be targeted by airborne solid ultrafine particles and that the most likely mechanism is from deposits on the olfactory mucosa of the nasopha- ryngeal region of the respiratory tract and subsequent translocation via the olfactory nerve. (cdc.gov)
20% of the UFP deposited on the olfactory mucosa of the rat can be translocated to the olfactory bulb. (cdc.gov)

The olfactory bulb transmits smell information from the nose to the brain, and is thus necessary for a proper sense of smell. (wikidoc.org)
The olfactory nerve conveys the sense of smell. (lookformedical.com)
Diseases of the first cranial (olfactory) nerve, which usually feature anosmia or other alterations in the sense of smell and taste. (lookformedical.com)
The sense of smell is mediated through stimulation of the olfactory receptor cells by volatile chemicals. (medscape.com)
adjectival form: olfactory ) is the sense of smell. (academic.ru)
A recent study has revealed that the endocannabinoid system regulates mitral cell activity in the olfactory bulb, affecting users' sense of smell. (cedfoundation.com)
This is the area where the olfactory lobes (which control the sense of smell) are located. (vin.com)

Olfactory receptors. (medscape.com)
Set of nerve fibers conducting impulses from olfactory receptors to the cerebral cortex. (lookformedical.com)
The surface of these hair-like cilia is blanketed with olfactory receptors. (psychologic.science)
These olfactory receptors are a type of G protein-coupled receptor, which means the receptors are inherently metabotropic. (psychologic.science)
Activated olfactory receptors then activate intracellular G protein, guanine nucleotide-binding protein (GNAL), adenylate cyclase, and the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). (psychologic.science)
Olfactory receptors are the largest gene family. (psychologic.science)
It is estimated that there are 1,000 different genes that code for olfactory receptors. (psychologic.science)
It is a specialized pseudostratified neuroepithelium containing the primary olfactory receptors. (medscape.com)
To stimulate the olfactory receptors, airborne molecules must pass through the nasal cavity with relatively turbulent air currents and contact the receptors. (medscape.com)
After viewing the material for this week as outlined in the syllabus, discuss the components of the olfactory system: the olfactory receptors, the olfactory sensory neurons, the olfactory bulb and the cortex. (writingestate.com)
Receptors are located on olfactory receptor cells, which are present in very many (millions) "terrestrial vertebrates, including humans, and which form an olfactory epithelial in a small area on the back of the nasal cavity. (writingestate.com)
Cilia are covered by the nasal cavity mucus which facilitates the detection and reaction of olfactory receptors to smell molecules. (writingestate.com)
The olfactory receptors are mounted on exciting structures such as antennas in arthropods. (writingestate.com)
Olfactory receptors are able to recognize odoriferous molecules and send the information to the encephalon for sensory processing and integration. (uvigo.es)
Mechanoreceptors are the Merkel discs, some free nerve terminals and the encapsulated receptors. (uvigo.es)
Proximal cortical feedback inputs can relieve the tonic Mg block of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at distal synapses and gate dendrodendritic inhibition onto mitral cells. (jneurosci.org)

The trigeminal nerve innervates the posterior nasal cavity to detect noxious stimuli. (medscape.com)
These neurons are arranged with dendrites positioned in the inferior space of the nasal cavity and an axon that projects through the cribriform plate to the olfactory nerve, and subsequently the olfactory bulb. (psychologic.science)
Each nasal cavity, above and behind the vestibule, is divided into a superior or olfactory, and an inferior or respiratory region. (co.ma)
The narrow slit-like interval between the nasal septum and the medial surface of the middle nasal concha is named the olfactory cleft or sulcus. (co.ma)
The olfactory neuroepithelium is located at the upper area of each nasal chamber adjacent to the cribriform plate, superior nasal septum, and superior-lateral nasal wall. (medscape.com)
The peripheral olfactory system consists mainly of the nasal cavity, ethmoid bone, and olfactory epithet (thin-tap tissue layers that line the nasal cavity). (writingestate.com)

A resulting publication, recognized by the Faculty of 1000, showed that the projection neurons of the olfactory bulb (mitral cells) are not driven directly by sensory input, but rather are activated by an excitatory class of interneurons. (harvard.edu)

Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
Olfactory stimuli disperse the action potential of an axon. (writingestate.com)
Meissner corpuscles show fast adaptation to stimuli, so that even if the stimulus is sustained the nerve terminal stop sending information. (uvigo.es)
In the olfactory bulb (OB), locally generated inhibitory synaptic interactions play a central role in shaping mitral and tufted cell responses to sensory stimuli ( Hamilton and Kauer, 1985 , 1989 ). (jneurosci.org)

A biologically-detailed model of the mammalian olfactory bulb, incorporating the mitral and granule cells and the dendrodendritic synapses between them. (yale.edu)

The specialized olfactory epithelial cells characterize the only group of neurons capable of regeneration. (medscape.com)
This area (only a few centimeters wide) contains more than 100 million olfactory receptor cells. (medscape.com)
These specialized epithelial cells give rise to the olfactory vesicles containing kinocilia, which serve as sites of stimulus transduction. (medscape.com)
Basal cells are stem cells that give rise to the olfactory receptor cells (seen in the image below). (medscape.com)
The receptor cells are actually bipolar neurons, each possessing a thin dendritic rod that contains specialized cilia extending from the olfactory vesicle and a long central process that forms the fila olfactoria. (medscape.com)
The small, unmyelinated axons of the olfactory receptor cells form the fine fibers of the first cranial nerve and travel centrally toward the ipsilateral olfactory bulb to make contact with the second-order neurons. (medscape.com)
Mitral cells are second-order neurons contacted by the olfactory nerve fibers at the glomerular layer of the bulb. (medscape.com)
The external plexiform layer contains the passing dendrites of mitral cells and a few tufted cells, which are similar in size to mitral cells. (medscape.com)
This was for two reasons: (1) mice have a thin olfactory nerve layer compared to rats and this will favor drug access to the glomerular layer, and (2) transgenic G-CaMP2 mice express the fluorescent calcium sensor protein G-CaMP2 in mitral cells. (jneurosci.org)
After the processing in the bulb the signal is transmitted caudally via the axons of mitral and tufted cells in the lateral olfactory tract. (wikipedia.org)
The AON is composed of two separate structures: a) a thin ring of cells encircling the rostral end of the olfactory peduncle known as "pars externa", b) the large "pars principalis", seen in coronal sections of most mammalian brains as a two-layered structure. (wikipedia.org)
However, mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb project their axons to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus where they may influence aggressive and mating behavior. (wikidoc.org)
Mitral cells are connected by interneurons known as granule cells , which by some theories produce lateral inhibition between mitral cells. (wikidoc.org)
Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. (lookformedical.com)
There are a fair number of proliferating cells in the olfactory SVZ. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
Then, specialized nerve cells called mitral cells send these signals to regions of the brain that will combine these signals so we can recognize the smell (or are intrigued by it). (acs.org)
When you smell a smelly substance, odorant molecules travel to your nose, where they bind to olfactory receptor cells (6), which generate electrical signals that are sent to a part of your brain called the olfactory bulb (1). (acs.org)
note the NEP cells oozing into the ventricular lumen of the olfactory recess-typical of other E20 specimens. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
Labeled cells are present mainly in the olfactory NEP, the SVZ, and the olfactory nerve layer. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
Nearly all cells are unlabeled in the internal and external plexiform layers and the mitral cell layer-all generated before the morning of E19. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
This plane shows the beginnings of a granule cell layer as densely-packed cells outside the olfactory SVZ. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
The olfactory nerve blends with the ventral brain surface in the contact zone, obliterating the pial membrane, but the sharp decline in labeled cells in the external plexiform layer indicates the peripheral glia "know" the outer limits of the brain. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)
Olfactory sensory neurons are transduction cells that total about six million in humans (Moran et al. (psychologic.science)
These axons touch the dendrites of mitral cells inside the glomerulus. (psychologic.science)
Mitral cells innervate the following brain areas: the medial amygdala, anterior olfactory nucleus, entorhinal cortex, olfactory tubercle, and piriform cortex. (psychologic.science)
In response to simulated odor stimulation, strongly activated mitral cells tend to suppress neighboring cells, the mitral cells readily synchronize their firing, and increasing the stimulus intensity increases the degree of synchronization. (yale.edu)
The model contains only mitral and granule cells. (yale.edu)
But once they started to look at the material, they realized that they were seeing nerve cells and fibers stained with a sharpness and readability not seen before, what one would call a technical breakthrough. (dnahelix.com)
K�lliker When last we discussed K�lliker (Chapter 5), he had finished the fifth edition of his textbook, in 1867, during which he was forced to admit that the available evidence made potential, even likely, the presence of anastomoses between nerve cells. (dnahelix.com)
The olfactory receptor proteins within the cell membrane are positioned so that one end is outside the cell and the other finishes in the cells. (writingestate.com)
Olfaction system data the main olfactory bulb transmits a pulse to both mitral and tufted cells that aid in determining odor levels based on the time of certain fire neuronal clusters. (writingestate.com)
With low mitral fire levels and easy to inhibit with nearby cells, the tufts are different, and they have high firing rates and are harder to inhibit. (writingestate.com)
The capsule is made up of layers of connective tissue cells, whith nerve terminals among them. (uvigo.es)
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are a special type of glial cells, which have been proved to play an important role as an alternative therapy for neurological diseases, opening up a new way for the treatment of neurological problems. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibition generated by granule cells, the most common GABAergic cell type in the olfactory bulb, plays a critical role in shaping the output of the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)
The convergence of two types of excitatory inputs onto GABAergic granule cells provides a novel mechanism for regulating the degree of interglomerular processing of sensory input in the olfactory bulb through piriform cortex/olfactory bulb synaptic interactions. (jneurosci.org)
Although the dendritic arborization of granule cells is relatively small (50-200 μm) ( Shepherd and Greer, 1998 ), a single granule cell may receive synaptic inputs from mitral cells several millimeters away ( Shepherd and Greer, 1998 ), providing a theoretical basis for massive synaptic divergence. (jneurosci.org)
In vivo recordings, however, suggest that unlike glutamatergic mitral cells, inhibitory granule cells are only weakly activated after sensory stimulation ( Cang and Isaacson, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
These results suggest that the proximal excitatory inputs to granule cells may play an important role in gating recurrent and lateral dendrodendritic inhibition (DDI) in the olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)

Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. (lookformedical.com)
There are many cilia that project into this mucus layer from the olfactory sensory neuron's dendrites. (psychologic.science)

It is involved in olfaction and has supposedly strong influence on other olfactory areas like the olfactory bulb and the piriform cortex. (wikipedia.org)
The AON is found behind the olfactory bulb and in front of the piriform cortex (laterally) and olfactory tubercle (medially) in a region known as the olfactory peduncle or retrobulbar area. (wikipedia.org)
The AON distributes the information to the contralateral olfactory bulb and piriform cortex as well as engaging in reciprocal interactions with the ipsilateral bulb and cortex. (wikipedia.org)

also called the anterior olfactory cortex) is a portion of the forebrain of vertebrates. (wikipedia.org)
An axon tract from the motor cortex that innervates the reticular formation and the cranial nerve nuclei in the hindbrain. (unboundmedicine.com)

Odorants can also be perceived by entering the nose posteriorly through the nasopharynx to reach the olfactory receptor via retronasal olfaction. (medscape.com)
Minimum 300 words answer Classmate #1: Olfactory receptor, also known as the scent receptor, a protein that binds molecules of odor and plays a key role in smell detection (olfaction). (writingestate.com)
Olfaction - Human olfactory system. (academic.ru)

bulbs are consistent with earlier studies in nonhuman primates and rodents that demonstrated that intranasally instilled solid UFP translocate along axons of the olfactory nerve into the CNS. (cdc.gov)

Activation occurs when odiferous molecules come in contact with specialized processes known as the olfactory vesicles. (medscape.com)

The continuous turnover and new supply of these neurons are unique to the olfactory system. (medscape.com)

This could reflect the time it takes for information to get processed in the contralateral olfactory bulb, and then relayed to the ipsilateral olfactory bulb. (trailofpapers.net)

1 . Davison AP, Feng J, Brown D (2003) Dendrodendritic inhibition and simulated odor responses in a detailed olfactory bulb network model. (yale.edu)

The mitral cell layer is well defined between the internal and external plexiform layers. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)

The functional mechanisms of OECs in the treatment of neurological diseases include neuroprotection, immune regulation, axon regeneration, improvement of nerve injury microenvironment and myelin regeneration, which also include secreted bioactive factors. (bvsalud.org)

In most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the most rostral (forward) part of the brain. (wikidoc.org)
A ubiquitous, cytoplasmic protein found in mature OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS of all VERTEBRATES. (lookformedical.com)

It may result in various olfactory dysfunction including a complete loss of smell. (lookformedical.com)

The cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, separated at the midline by the crista galli, contains multiple small foramina through which the olfactory nerve fibers, or fila olfactoria, traverse. (medscape.com)
Fracture of the cribriform plate in traumatic settings can disrupt these fine fibers and lead to olfactory dysfunction. (medscape.com)
Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. (lookformedical.com)

Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact. (lookformedical.com)
Since a body of literature implies that olfactory perception and function is hampered in obesity, we here investigate neuroanatomical correlates of this phenomenon. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, changes in olfactory perception might be involved in unhealthy eating and potentially lead to weight gain. (frontiersin.org)

Each mitral cell is contacted by at least 1000 olfactory nerve fibers. (medscape.com)
Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. (lookformedical.com)
The olfactory system consists of Mucus membranes, olfactory glands, olfactory neurons, and olfactory nerve fibers are the main elements in the layers of epithelial tissue. (writingestate.com)

After compiling the mod files, start the simulation by running init.hoc Type show_results() if after running the odour stimulus simulation the mitral cell spike time histogram graph is empty. (yale.edu)
A mechanical stimulus leads to a separation of the layers from one another, resulting in a modification of the nerve membrane. (uvigo.es)

Since we found that glomerular activity was not as strong as mitral cell activity during the post-odor, we investigated what types of feedback there could be during the post-odor. (trailofpapers.net)
In both bulbs the main structures are indicated: (GL) glomerular layer, (M) mitral cell layer, (G) granular layer. (frontiersin.org)

The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here. (lookformedical.com)

The outer, cell-poor layer, is often subdivided into a superficial zone (Layer Ia, which contains the output axons from the olfactory bulb) and a deeper area (Layer Ib). (wikipedia.org)
PSTH from a mitral cell responding to ethyl butyrate. (trailofpapers.net)
In contrast, the mitral cell responses lasted for over ten breaths. (trailofpapers.net)
So while some of the olfactory bulb inputs may be long-lasting, there seems to be more information in the mitral cell responses than can be explained by simple peripheral processes. (trailofpapers.net)
LFP activity in the mitral cell layer of the OB in response to an odor with the nostril open (top) or blocked (bottom). (trailofpapers.net)
Through these meetings, Cajal obtained instant private acquaintance with the primary figures who were to share with him the ultimate fashioning of the doctrines of the nerve cell. (dnahelix.com)
One olfactory receptor protein in rats, for example, induces a higher reaction within the recipient cell when dealing with alcohol called octanol (eight carbon atoms) than with alcohol known as heptanol (seven carbon atoms). (writingestate.com)
More and more studies have shown that cell therapy has made good achievements in the application of nerve injury. (bvsalud.org)

The information is sent via the olfactory nerve (Cranial Nerve I) to the olfactory bulb. (wikipedia.org)
Cranial Nerves. (wikipedia.org)
The 1st cranial nerve. (lookformedical.com)
Dysfunction of one or more cranial nerves causally related to a traumatic injury. (lookformedical.com)
and trauma to the facial region are conditions associated with cranial nerve injuries. (lookformedical.com)
The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. (lookformedical.com)
The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. (lookformedical.com)

and the associated olfactory glands. (lookformedical.com)

In humans, however, the olfactory bulb is on the inferior (bottom) side of the brain. (wikidoc.org)
However, the olfactory bulb also receives "top-down" information from such brain areas as the amygdala , neocortex , hippocampus , locus coeruleus , and substantia nigra . (wikidoc.org)
By analogy to similar parts of the brain such as the retina , many researchers have focused on how the olfactory bulb filters incoming information from receptor neurons in space, or how it filters incoming information in time. (wikidoc.org)
Their unmyelinated AXONS synapse in the OLFACTORY BULB of the BRAIN. (lookformedical.com)
Here Gire focused on defining the neural circuit mechanisms that support information processing in the first olfactory relay in the brain, the olfactory bulb. (harvard.edu)
Crosstalk between the main and accessory olfactory systems occurs at different levels of central processing, in brain areas where the inputs from the two systems converge. (frontiersin.org)
Sensory olfactory neurons detect odorous molecules dissolving in molecules and transmit odor information to the brain during a sensory transduction process. (writingestate.com)
There were also indications that the olfactory bulb of the brain was targeted. (cdc.gov)
Olfactory bulb - Brain: Olfactory bulb Vesalius Fabrica, 1543. (academic.ru)
auditory nerve: the nerve within the ear that carries impulses to the brain for interpretation. (studygate.com)
Inflammation can result leading to more swelling and soon nerves of the brain are damaged. (vin.com)

The olfactory bulb lies inferior to the basal frontal lobe. (medscape.com)

Some labs have previously reported that olfactory sensory neurons in drosophila can have long-lasting " super sustained " or " ultra prolonged " responses, and recordings from the olfactory nerve of rats also sometimes have off responses. (trailofpapers.net)
Effects of ionophoretic application of serotonin and of one of its agonists were tested on responses of dorsal horn dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons evoked by electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves. (shengsci.com)

Nerves of septum of nose. (wikidoc.org)

Figure 96 is an anterior coronal slice through the parenchyma of the main olfactory bulb in the basal forebrain of an E19 embryo 2 hrs after exposure to 3 H-thymidine. (braindevelopmentmaps.org)

While all of these functions could theoretically arise from the olfactory bulb's circuit layout, it is unclear which, if any, of these functions are performed exclusively by the olfactory bulb. (wikidoc.org)

Here, we use two animal models and several techniques (two-photon imaging of CBF and neuronal calcium dynamics, intracellular and extracellular recordings, local pharmacology) to analyze the relationship between neuronal activity and local CBF during odor stimulation in the rodent olfactory bulb. (jneurosci.org)

1952). A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. (modeldb.science)

There was no mitral regurgitation and the rest of the heart was normal. (blogspot.com)

Head anatomy with olfactory nerve. (medscape.com)

As humans age, the number of olfactory neurons steadily decreases. (medscape.com)

The main and accessory olfactory epithelia of the mouse, and their first central targets, the main and accessory olfactory bulbs. (frontiersin.org)

It is the second processing stage of the accessory olfactory system . (wikidoc.org)
The accessory olfactory system is present in most tetrapods. (frontiersin.org)
The accessory olfactory system may complement the main olfactory system and may contribute different perceptual features to the construction of a unitary representation, which merges the different chemosensory qualities. (frontiersin.org)
The accessory olfactory system may differ in morphology even in closely related species, most probably in relation to functional specialization (for a review, see Salazar and Quinteiro, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
The first functional investigation of the accessory olfactory system pointed to a general chemosensation role. (frontiersin.org)

While in the Restrepo lab, Gire combined careful behavioral analysis with electrophysiological recordings to examine how neural networks utilize the relative timing and synchrony of action potentials to encode sensory information during olfactory-based decision making. (harvard.edu)
In neonates, this area is a dense neural sheet, but, in children and adults, the respiratory and olfactory tissues interdigitate. (medscape.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms4

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care1

Epithelium22

Neuron9

Glomeruli13

Odors8

Mucosa5

Sense of sm7

Receptors16

Nasal6

Neurons of the olfactory1

Stimuli4

Synapses1

Cells39

Cilia2

Piriform cortex3

Cortex2

Olfaction3

Axons of the olfactory1

Known as the olfactory1

Unique to the olfactory1

Ipsilateral olfactory bulb1

Detailed olfactory bulb1

Internal and external plexiform layers1

Axon1

Vertebrates2

Smell1

Cribriform3

Perception3

Fibers3

Stimulus2

Glomerular2

Vomeronasal organ1

Cell8

Cranial7

Glands1

Brain11

Inferior1

Responses2

Nose1

Basal1

Bulb's1

Odor stimulation1

Excitation1

Regurgitation1

Anatomy1

Humans1

Bulbs1

Accessory olfact5

Neural2