• The 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (Rsk) is a family constituted by four isoforms (Rsk1-4) of serine/threonine kinases broadly expressed in the brain that regulate important cellular functions, including cell survival [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We now provide evidence that two growth-regulated, nucleus- and cytoplasm-localized protein kinases, 90-kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase), contribute to the serum-induced phosphorylation of c-Fos. (nih.gov)
  • The major phosphopeptides derived from biosynthetically labeled c-Fos correspond to phosphopeptides generated after phosphorylation of c-Fos in vitro with both RSK and MAP kinase. (nih.gov)
  • The phosphorylation sites identified for RSK (Ser-362) and MAP kinase (Ser-374) are in the transrepression domain. (nih.gov)
  • This study suggests a role for nuclear RSK and MAP kinase in modulating newly synthesized c-Fos phosphorylation and downstream signaling. (nih.gov)
  • This complex behavioral profile was accompanied by decreases in ERK2 mRNA and protein phosphorylation within the VTA, while stress alone resulted in opposite neurobiological effects. (jneurosci.org)
  • We also examined the effects of FLX on the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2-related signaling within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of adolescent mice and Sprague Dawley rats. (jneurosci.org)
  • Rsk activation is regulated by sequential phosphorylations controlled by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in plants, metazoans, and mammals, and are predicted to control the activity of 30% of all protein-coding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. (hindawi.com)
  • Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The RSK family of kinases: emerging roles in cellular signalling. (ncbcs.org)
  • Interestingly, previous data from a HD cellular model show a de-regulation of both kinases that control Rsk activity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) household of proteins is a gaggle of extremely conserved Ser/Thr kinases that regulate various mobile processes, resembling cell progress, cell motility, cell survival and cell proliferation. (ncbcs.org)
  • Here, we analyzed the protein levels, activity and role of Rsk in in vivo and in vitro HD models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observed increased protein levels of Rsk1 and Rsk2 in the striatum of Hdh Q111/Q111 and R6/1 mice, STHdh Q111/Q111 cells and striatal cells transfected with full-length mhtt. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HeLa cells, insulin-treated (left) and LY294002-treated (#9901, right), using Phospho-S6 Ribosomal Protein (Ser240/244) (D68F8) XP ® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor 488 ® Conjugate) (green). (cellsignal.com)
  • Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. (lookformedical.com)
  • and cell differentiation ( SOX2 and TGFB3 ) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. (hindawi.com)
  • The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. (hindawi.com)
  • An unnatural amino acid that is used experimentally to study protein structure and function. (lookformedical.com)
  • N-terminal catalytic domain of the Protein Serine/Threonine Kinase, Mitogen and stress-activated kinase 2. (umbc.edu)
  • Serine/Threonine Kinases (STKs), Mitogen and stress-activated kinase (MSK) subfamily, MSK2, N-terminal catalytic (c) domain. (umbc.edu)
  • STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
  • Cdc7-IN-5 (compound I- B ) is a potent Cdc7 kinase inhibitor extracted from patent WO2019165473A1, compound I- B . Cdc7 is a serine-threonine protein kinase enzyme which is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in the cell cycle. (medchemexpress.com)
  • It is the major substrate of protein kinases in the ribosome, with subsets of five C-terminal serine residues phosphorylated by different protein kinases. (caslab.com)
  • IGF-1 plays anti-apoptotic and other functions by activating multiple signaling pathways including Akt kinase, a serine/threonine kinase essential for cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Akt, a key target of the PI3 kinase, is a serine/threonine kinase that plays critical roles in the modulation of cell development, growth and survival [ 8 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A family of protein serine/threonine kinases which act as intracellular signalling intermediates. (nih.gov)
  • This gene encodes a member of the RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) family of serine/threonine kinases. (nih.gov)
  • RSKs are downstream effectors of the Ras-extra mobile signal-regulated kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade. (ncbcs.org)
  • MSK2 is the required H3 kinase in response to stress stimuli and activation of the p38 MAPK pathway. (umbc.edu)
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) promote MAPK-activated protein kinase activation. (rcsb.org)
  • This kinase contains 2 non-identical kinase catalytic domains and phosphorylates various substrates, including members of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • We developed a protein fragment complementation (PCA) assay that can accurately measure the status of the eIF4E-eIF4G interaction in cells and quantify the signalling flux through the RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways regulating eIF4F assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that 4EBP1 is a critical regulator of the mitogen responsive RAS/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways and a key transducer of resistance mechanisms that affect small molecule inhibition of these pathways, principally by attenuating their effects on cap-dependent translation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The number of genes of many relevant reproduction- and immune-related pathways present in the database was 50-90% of the total gene count of each pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MSKs contain an N-terminal kinase domain (NTD) from the AGC family and a C-terminal kinase domain (CTD) from the CAMK family, similar to 90 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinases (RSKs). (umbc.edu)
  • The Ca(2+)-dependent binding of S100B to the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-type domain of RSK1 is reminiscent of the better known binding of calmodulin to CaMKII. (rcsb.org)
  • Although S100B-RSK1 and the calmodulin-CAMKII system are clearly distinct functionally, they demonstrate how unrelated intracellular Ca(2+)-binding proteins could influence the activity of the CaMK domain-containing protein kinases. (rcsb.org)
  • Although specific for RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S6 members of this class of kinases can act on a number of substrates within the cell. (nih.gov)
  • Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. (caslab.com)
  • This gene encodes a cytoplasmic ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. (caslab.com)
  • Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is one of 33 proteins which along with 18S ribosomal RNA make up the small (40S) subunit of the eukaryotic ribosome. (pancreapedia.org)
  • It is located in the small head region of the 40S subunit and resides at the interface of the 40S and 60S (large) subunits where a groove is thought to be the site of new protein synthesis (35). (pancreapedia.org)
  • eIF4E is a subunit of the eIF4F protein initiation complex and required for its recruitment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The MSK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other protein STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. (umbc.edu)
  • Binding of IGF-1 to its receptor causes receptor autophosphorylation and the activation of intrinsic tyrosine kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chemical reactivity of Cys-SSH is thought to be involved in the catalytic activity of particular proteins via protein polysulfidation, the formation of -S-(S)n-H on their reactive cysteine residues. (bvsalud.org)
  • eIF4E interacts directly with the 5′ cap structure of mRNA, whilst the eIF4A helicase unwinds the secondary structure present in the 5′UTR of mRNAs and eIF4G, which interacts with both eIF4A and eIF4E, recruits eIF3 and interacts with PABP (polyadenylate-binding protein) [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most notably, replacing all five phosphorylatable serines in S6 with alanine failed to inhibit protein synthesis in MEFs derived from the knock in mice (27). (pancreapedia.org)
  • MSK2 and MSK1 play nonredundant roles in activating histone H3 kinases, which play pivotal roles in compaction of the chromatin fiber. (umbc.edu)
  • Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is cleaved by thrombin, generating the N-terminal half of OPN, which is prominently involved in integrin signal transduction. (bvsalud.org)
  • The RSK family of kinases: emerging roles in cellular signalling. (ncbcs.org)
  • The 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) family of proteins is a group of highly conserved Ser/Thr kinases that regulate diverse cellular processes, such as cell growth, cell motility, cell survival and cell proliferation. (xcessbio.com)
  • The protein belongs to the S6E family of ribosomal proteins. (caslab.com)
  • Vanicoside B targets cyclin-dependent kinase 8 ( CDK8 ) and exhibits anti-tumor activity. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Considerable success has been achieved in understanding the role of different kinases in phosphorylating rpS6 (22). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The first kinase identified was in Xenopus oocytes and is now known as p90 rpS6 Kinase (RSK) (8). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Avian and mammalian cells were then shown to also contain a distinct 70 kDa S6 kinase referred to as p70 S6K but now known simply as S6K which can phosphorylate all five sites on rpS6 (1, 18). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Dephosphorylation of rpS6 is carried out primarily by a protein phosphatase 1 (15). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Treatment of these cells with a panel of TLR ligands showed surprisingly that two potent TLR3 agonists, poly (I:C) and bacterial ribosomal RNA potently reactivated HIV in hμglia/HIV cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The nuclear transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) may also be involved although relationships between these two proteins in IGF-1 receptor signaling and protection is not clear, especially in neuronal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anemarsaponin B decreases the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 . (medchemexpress.com)
  • The protein may contribute to the control of cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA. (caslab.com)
  • Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. (caslab.com)
  • S-phase kinase associated protein 2 belongs to ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) that plays vital roles in regulating many biological processes by controlling the timely turn-over of proteins ( Frescas and Pagano, 2008 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This kinase has an apparent molecular mass of 90 kDa, is present in mammalian cells and is now known to be an effector of ERK. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Non- mobile evaluation of nanoparticle sturdiness, protein interactions, complement activation, and pro-oxidant exercise can also be thought-about. (ncbcs.org)
  • The 4EBPs share a common "canonical" primary binding motif with eIF4G (YXXXXLΦ, X = any amino acid and Φ = hydrophobic amino acid) to eIF4E, which allows them to competitively displace the eIF4G scaffold protein [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Newly developed human microglial cell lines (hµglia), obtained by immortalizing human primary microglia with simian virus-40 (SV40) large T antigen and the human telomerase reverse transcriptase, were used to generate latently infected cells using a single-round HIV virus carrying a green fluorescence protein reporter (hµglia/HIV, clones HC01 and HC69). (biomedcentral.com)
  • MS5033 is a potent PROTAC-based AKT ( protein kinase B) degrader, with a DC 50 of 430 nM in PC3 cells. (medchemexpress.com)
  • B -Raf IN 5 (compound 3 b ) is a potent inhibitor of protein kinase B-Raf with an IC 50 of 2.0 nM. (medchemexpress.com)
  • OTS964 hydrochloride is also a potent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK11 , which binds to CDK11 B with a K d of 40 nM. (medchemexpress.com)
  • ROCK-IN-5 (compound I- B -37) is a potent inhibitor of ROCK , ERK , GSK , and AGC protein kinases . (medchemexpress.com)
  • The activity of this protein has been implicated in controlling cell growth and differentiation. (nih.gov)
  • Protein kinase affinity probe 1 is a modified Purvalanol B (HY-18299) probe with 50% beads loading (Compound S3). (medchemexpress.com)
  • PknB-IN-2 (Compound 10) is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein kinase B ( PknB ) inhibitor with an IC 50 of 12.1 μM. (medchemexpress.com)
  • Knockdown of p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) 2, 3, or 4 increased PpIX accumulation in RasV12-transformed NIH3T3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Emerging evidence has shown that the F-box protein S-phase kinase associated protein 2 (Skp2) also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • A visual analog scale was used to examine perceived muscle soreness, a flexible tape measure was used to measure muscular girth and markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase, CK and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) were measured. (researchgate.net)