Mitochondrial hepatic cells apoptosis of human hepatic stellate hepatic stellate cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Photoreceptor cells are highly susceptible to oxidative-stress-induced damage due to their high metabolic rate. (mdpi.com)
Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
Although excess iron induces oxidative stress in the liver, it is unclear whether it directly activates the hepatic stellate cells (HSC). (westminster.ac.uk)
Excessive Iron Induces Oxidative Stress Promoting Cellular Perturbations and Insulin Secretory Dysfunction in MIN6 Beta Cells. (westminster.ac.uk)
It has also been reported that triiodothyronine (T3) alleviates oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis caused by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its mechanism of action is associated with negative regulation of the NLRP3 signaling pathway ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
For instance, N -acetyl- p -benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) protein adducts trigger mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress during hepatocyte necrosis , danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released to elicit sterile inflammation , and certain growth factors contribute to liver regeneration. (zju.edu.cn)
Melatonin has been shown to reduce mitochondrial oxidative stress (37) and increase nitric oxide availability while reducing endothelin expression (38). (ectrx.org)

In addition, perilipin 5 regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cell, implicated in fibrosis, which is the creation of new tissue to repair the one damaged. (wikipedia.org)
Fibrosis is a physiological response to cellular injury in the liver and is mediated by the activation of hepatic stellate cells resulting in the replacement of hepatocytes with extracellular matrix comprised principally of collagen 1 to form a hepatic scar. (biomedcentral.com)

The following review considers recent advances in the understanding of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and focuses on inflammatory mediators of significance. (ectrx.org)
Investigations involving animal models and human trials are reviewed, a summary of significant studies in human subjects is presented ( Table 1 ), and the pathways and mediators important in liver ischemia-reperfusion injury are described ( Figure 1 ). (ectrx.org)

Patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis may benefit over the short term from specific therapies directed toward reducing liver injury, enhancing hepatic regeneration, and suppressing inflammation. (medscape.com)
Curcumin and capsaicin treatments attenuated hepatic fat accumulation and increased leptin levels related to inflammation. (greenmedinfo.com)
A role of Src family kinase members in causing sterile inflammation and human disease is only recently recognized. (nature.com)
Our results suggest that MitoTEMPO appears to be a potential chemical compound affecting certain immune cells and further ameliorates inflammation in obese-associated NAFLD. (hindawi.com)
MCP-1 further mediates the infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells such as macrophages and monocytes to the liver, resulting in amplification of inflammation in the liver microenvironment [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
BMP7 aberrantly induced in the psoriatic epidermis instructs inflammation-associated Langerhans cells. (tugraz.at)
Translocation of microbial- and danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs and DAMPs) from the gut to the liver elicits profound chronic inflammation, leading to severe hepatic injury and eventually HCC progression. (encyclopedia.pub)
On the other hand, senescent cells secrete many proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, collectively termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which causes chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. (molcells.org)

Our findings reveal a critical role for Lyn kinase in modulating inflammatory signals, regulating microvascular permeability and neutrophil recruitment, and in promoting hepatic fibrosis. (nature.com)
This review will focus on the contribution of high-throughput genomic and proteomic approaches to the study of fibrogenesis and fibrosis progression, concentrating on the most prevalent human chronic liver diseases and findings from animal models in liver tissue, isolated liver cells, cell lines and serum. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we investigated bleomycin-induced lung injury responses in young and aged mice at single-cell resolution to gain insights into the cellular and molecular contributions of aging to fibrosis. (researchgate.net)
Mesenchymal cells in the lung are crucial during development, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the most common and deadly form of fibrotic interstitial lung diseases. (researchgate.net)
Although the novel hexaco-ordinated globin cytoglobin was identified in activated hepatic stellate cells more than 10 years ago, its role in stellate cell biology and liver fibrosis remains enigmatic. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent studies have proposed downregulation of PPAR-α in cases of hepatic steatosis. (wjgnet.com)
The results showed that the hepatic steatosis in liver tissues of HFD mice injected with MitoTEMPO was significantly ameliorated. (hindawi.com)

In the liver of obesity, the resident immune cells such as macrophages (Kupffer cells) and dendritic cells produce proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) in response to hepatocellular damage [ 10 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Microbial sensing by toll-like receptors (TLR) on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) results in a CXCL9 chemokine gradient that attracts Kupffer cells closer to the periportal region to ensure immune surveillance and host defense from invading pathogens arriving through the portal vein circulation. (encyclopedia.pub)
Moreover, the liver contains the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) with rich population of macrophages (Kupffer cells) that take up nanoparticles. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatic macrophages known as Kupffer cells (KUP5 cells or KCs), play a key role in immune defense, participating in phagocytosis and submitting immune response signals in the early stages of chemical exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Kupffer cells. (lookformedical.com)

et al, CD155 Cooperates with PD-1/PD-L1 to Promote Proliferation of Esophageal Squamous Cancer Cells via PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways. (sabbiotech.cn)
Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
In the current study, we investigated the role of different extracellular matrix proteins in stellate cell proliferation, activation (alpha smooth muscle actin expression and retinoic acid uptake) and cytoglobin expression. (biomedcentral.com)

Western blot analysis of extracts from 293 cells, treatedwith EGF or calf intestinal phosphatase (CIP), using Akt(Phospho-Ser473) Antibody #11054. (sabbiotech.cn)
Several messengers, including dietary metabolites, bile acids, antimicrobial peptides and microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), are exchanged and required for intestinal and hepatic homeostasis, as well as host physiology in general. (encyclopedia.pub)

Journal of Renal and Hepatic Disorders. (westminster.ac.uk)
CCl 4 showed an increase of serum renal and hepatic markers creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and uric acid, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). (biomedcentral.com)
This keynote address will describe new drugs emerging from studies of the VHL tumor suppressor protein (pVHL), which is usually defective in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). (aspet.org)

Although the conventional activities of p53 such as cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis are well accepted as the major checkpoints in stress responses, accumulating evidence implicates the importance of other tumor suppression mechanisms. (nature.com)
Is p53-dependent ferroptosis sufficient for tumor suppression in the absence of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis? (nature.com)
To date, various mechanisms have been suggested to explain the powerful tumor-suppressive effect of p53, including the induction of cell cycle arrest, senescence, and apoptosis. (nature.com)
Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)

p = 2.03) n Research has advised PPAR gamma hepatic stellate cell that will experience endrocrine system disruptors such as phthalates which can be trusted within our lifestyle (meals wrapping, makeup products, gadgets, health-related devices, polyvinyl chloride floors, and developing supplies) may be linked to elevated hypertension along with greater chance of cardiovascular diseases. (autophagysignal.com)

The initiation and development of tumor cell is accompanied by elevated stresses, such as oncogene activation, DNA damage, genome instability, and reprogrammed tumor metabolism. (nature.com)
Additionally, a viable therapeutic strategy may involve triggering the cell death mechanism in cancer cells by blocking mitochondrial metabolism with a natural substance. (scientificarchives.com)
This review discusses the role of adipokines and PPARs with regard to hepatic energy metabolism and progression of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic changes that drive T cells into different stages of their development and how the TME imposes barriers to the metabolism and activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (elifesciences.org)
As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)
Finally, we will provide an overview of how utilizing an understanding of T cell metabolism may inform strategies to alter the TME or enhance T cell metabolism to strengthen the immunotherapy arsenal. (elifesciences.org)
The study found that both liver cell models showed ATP metabolism disorder, membrane damage, autophagosome formation and lysosome damage, but the difference was that, KUP5 cells exhibited more serious damage than AML12 cells, suggesting that immunogenic cell type is particularly sensitive to CDs. (biomedcentral.com)

Mitochondrial membrane potential is a parameter used to measure with mitochondrial condition. (dojindo.com)
Mitophagy was not detected in untreated cells and the membrane potential was normal. (dojindo.com)
However, reduction of membrane potential and mitophagy were observed in treated cells. (dojindo.com)
Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
MitoTEMPO is a new cell permeable mitochondrial antioxidant with the functions of eliminating mitochondrial superoxide and preserving mitochondrial membrane potential [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)

Upon mixing, the blood flows across the lobule through the hepatic sinusoids and drains into the central veins, while the bile flows in the opposite direction via the bile canaliculi. (encyclopedia.pub)
Specialized phagocytic cells of the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids. (lookformedical.com)

Lowering of mitochondrial activity and dysfunction are known to be closely related to cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. (dojindo.com)

Tissue infiltration by activated innate immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils, if untreated, leads to rapidly progressive organ injury, that can involve many organ systems. (nature.com)
AML12 cells had no such response, suggesting that the accumulation of autophagosomes caused by CDs may be specific to macrophages. (biomedcentral.com)

It is a catalytic subunit of the protein kinase complex that is important for cell cycle G1 phase progression. (thermofisher.com)
SD-36, which could suppress lymphoma cell growth and inhibit tumor progression in a mice model. (biomedcentral.com)

HSCs undergo phenotypic changes from quiescent vitamin A storing cells, involved in maintenance of the normal basement matrix, into proliferative myofibroblast-like cells, expressing myogenic markers such as alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA). (biomedcentral.com)
This could be considered to be part of a feedback loop as changes in ECM composition results in changes in HSC cell surface receptors, particularly integrins indicating that the ECM should not be regarded simply as an inert physical scaffold but a dynamic structure that is able to influence the phenotype of HSCs [ 2 , 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
HSCs express numerous cell surface receptors including both discoidin domain receptors (DDRs)-which are receptors for collagen I and many of the integrin subunits, which are a major family of cell surface receptors for extracellular molecules and play a critical role in many biological functions [ 7 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Senescent cells elicit their fibrogenic actions primarily by secreting an assortment of inflammatory and profibrotic factors known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (frontiersin.org)
Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
Unlike apoptosis, senescence is a state of which cells are still alive and metabolically active. (frontiersin.org)
Although much should be achieved for completely understanding the biological basis of aging, cellular senescence is now believed to mainly contribute to organismal aging via two independent, yet not mutually exclusive mechanisms: on the one hand, senescence of stem cells leads to exhaustion of stem cells and thus decreases tissue regeneration. (molcells.org)
Much effort has been recently made to therapeutically target detrimental effects of cellular senescence including selectively eliminating senescent cells (senolytics) and modulating a proinflammatory senescent secretome (senostatics). (molcells.org)
This led to an intriguing hypothesis that senescence contributes to aging, and thus the elimination of senescent cells might delay the aging process. (molcells.org)

The dual regulation of ERK and mTOR phosphorylation upstream of TFEB influences the death outcome of AML12 cells. (biomedcentral.com)

T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

The involvement of autophagy in the development of diabetes is corroborated by affecting the physiology and role of pancreatic β cells and the homeostasis of glucose. (frontiersin.org)
Several anti-diabetic strategies including adiponectin, ezetimibe, liraglutide, taurine, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and even exercise as well as natural products such GABA tea, geniposide, guava extract, vitamin D have been shown to target autophagy. (frontiersin.org)
FXR-dependent Rubicon induction impairs autophagy in models of human cholestasis. (tugraz.at)
Activation of the TFEB-lysosome pathway is important in regulating autophagy and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)

APAP overdose can induce hepatic toxicity, known as acetaminophen -induced liver injury (AILI). (zju.edu.cn)

They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
Targeting aging itself might, therefore, be a better strategy than targeting each chronic disease individually for enhancing human health. (molcells.org)
These chronic diseases are main causes of morbidity and mortality in human, becoming the center of attention for medical research to be treated for enhancing human health. (molcells.org)

Inside the cell, PLIN5 can be found in multiple intracellular structures including lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and the cytosol. (wikipedia.org)
The perilipin family contributes to the creation of lipid droplets and it also plays a pivotal role in determining what the lipid droplet's function is within the cell. (wikipedia.org)

IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS: The liver is mainly composed of hepatocytes, but we know little regarding the source of these cells or how they multiply over time within the disease-free human liver. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we determine a source of new hepatocytes by combining many different lab-based methods and computational predictions to show that hepatocytes share a common cell of origin with bile ducts. (bvsalud.org)
The hepatocytes, endothelial and immune cells of the liver are aligned along this vasculature, and their spatial distribution along the liver zonation dictates their phenotypes and functions. (encyclopedia.pub)

Calpeptin is a cell permeable calpain inhibitor. (adooq.com)
Calpain Inhibitor II, ALLM is a cell-permeable inhibitor of calpain I, calpain II, cathepsin L and cathepsin B with Ki values of 120 nM, 230 nM, 0.6 nM and 100 nM, respectively. (adooq.com)
MDL 28170 is a cell permeable selective inhibitor of Calpain 1, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease which has been implicated in apoptosis of immune cells as well as neuronal cells. (adooq.com)
SJA6017 is a cell permeable peptide aldehyde which functions as a reversible calpain inhibitor. (adooq.com)
PD 150606 is a cell-permeable, non-competitive, selective, non-peptide Ca2+ dependent calpain inhibitor for calpain-1 and for calpain-2 directed towards the Ca2+ binding sites of calpain. (adooq.com)
PD 151746 is a selective, cell-permeable calpain inhibitor with Ki of 0.26 uM for μ-Calpain, about 20-fold selectivity over m-calpain. (adooq.com)
MG-101 (ALLN) is a cell-permeable and potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases including calpains and lysosomal cathepsins. (adooq.com)
CA-074 methyl ester is a cell-permeable analog of CA-074 that acts as an irreversible cathepsin B inhibitor. (adooq.com)

TRAP1, a crucial member of the mitochondrial heat shock protein 90 family, is active in a variety of biological functions in various tumor types. (scientificarchives.com)

Two of the primary immunotherapies are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). (elifesciences.org)
pathomechanisms that regulate extravasation of damaging immune cells into surrounding tissues are poorly understood. (nature.com)
Here, we explored immune cell MDSCs and inflammatory activities in obesity-associated NAFLD and further investigated the protective effect of MitoTEMPO on alleviating the severity of NAFLD via regulating immune response in the liver tissues. (hindawi.com)
As a signaling molecule and cytotoxic effector, NO influences the function of immune cells and production of cytokines. (koreascience.kr)

Additionally, MitoTEMPO reduced the frequency of CD11b + Gr-1 + MDSCs in peripheral circulation and decreased Gr-1 + cell accumulation in the livers. (hindawi.com)
In KUP5 cells, death was caused by inhibition of autophagic flux caused by autophagosome accumulation, this process that was reversed when autophagosome accumulation was prevented by 3-MA. (biomedcentral.com)

Dependence receptors are a group of receptor proteins with shared characteristics of transducing two different signals within cells. (koreascience.kr)
On the other hand, dependence receptors can transduce an apoptosis signal in the absence of ligands. (koreascience.kr)
When cells undergo apoptosis by dependence receptors, the intracellular domain of some RTKs is cleaved by the caspases. (koreascience.kr)

Its building blocks are the hepatic lobules organized around central veins and portal triads, consisting of a portal vein, a hepatic artery and a bile duct. (encyclopedia.pub)
They are specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that are organized into interconnected plates called lobules. (lookformedical.com)

As a consequence, PGC-1α boost activity levels activating certain types of genes that enhances mitochondrial function. (wikipedia.org)

Mitochondria synthesize ATP using oxygen to produce necessary energy for living cells. (dojindo.com)
There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)

Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. (sabbiotech.cn)
Once activated, p53 coordinates multiple downstream pathways, thereby maintaining the homeostasis of the host cell or organism (if the stress is mild, transient, and repairable) or eliminating damaged cells (if the stress is acute, prolonged, and difficult to resist). (nature.com)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: While normal human liver is thought to be generally quiescent, clonal hepatocyte expansions have been observed, though neither their cellular source nor their expansion dynamics have been determined. (bvsalud.org)
Knowing the hepatocyte cell of origin, and their subsequent dynamics and trajectory within the human liver will provide an important basis to understand disease-associated dysregulation. (bvsalud.org)
METHODS: Herein, we use in vivo lineage tracing and methylation sequence analysis to demonstrate normal human hepatocyte ancestry. (bvsalud.org)
We exploit next-generation mitochondrial sequencing to determine hepatocyte clonal expansion dynamics across spatially distinct areas of laser-captured, microdissected, clones, in tandem with computational modelling in morphologically normal human liver. (bvsalud.org)
These findings crucially contribute to our understanding of hepatocyte dynamics in the normal human liver. (bvsalud.org)

from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed. (lookformedical.com)

We also highlight potential options of targeting senescent cells for the treatment of CKD. (frontiersin.org)
We also highlight potential options for targeting senescent cells in developing therapeutics for CKD patients. (frontiersin.org)
Upon the administration of a synthetic drug called rapalog, p16 INK4A positive senescent cells are removed in this system by apoptosis. (molcells.org)
The effects of the elimination of senescent cells were simply striking. (molcells.org)

MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial antioxidant, has protective effects on liver-related diseases. (hindawi.com)
In this discussion of antioxidant molecules, it is also important to include melatonin, which exerts multiple protective effects in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (33-36). (ectrx.org)

Thus, the regulatory role of these cell types in the liver is important for metabolic clearance of exogenous toxins. (biomedcentral.com)
Toxins closely associated with the living cytoplasm or cell wall of certain microorganisms, which do not readily diffuse into the culture medium, but are released upon lysis of the cells. (lookformedical.com)

They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. (lookformedical.com)

Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)

We will then examine how tumor cells create a toxic milieu for T cells that enter the TME. (elifesciences.org)
Furthermore, the high refractoriness of liver cancer to treatments has been associated with the interaction of very complex and diverse mechanisms of chemoresistance, which can act synergistically to protect tumor cells from the chemotherapy agents [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Acetyl-Calpastatin (184-210) (human), selective calpain inhibitor. (adooq.com)
Apoptosis was partially blocked by the caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO. (hindawi.com)

SDH subunit A (SDHA) and subunit B (SDHB) comprise the catalytic subunits in the hydrophilic head that protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix. (scientificarchives.com)

We investigated the effects of various concentrations of Tan IIA (5-10 μ g/mL) on mouse keratinocytes and human HaCat cells in vitro to confirm this hypothesis. (hindawi.com)
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)

The blood microvascular endothelium consists of a heterogeneous population of cells with regionally distinct morphologies and transcriptional signatures in different tissues and organs. (researchgate.net)
The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)

The present invention provides a simple and robust human liver cell-based system in which persistent hepatitis C infection, persistent hepatitis B infection or ethanol exposure induces a clinical Prognostic Liver Signature (PLS) high-risk gene signature. (sumobrain.com)

TRAP1, also known as Hsp75, is the mitochondrial paralog of the molecular chaperone Hsp 90, with which it shares a high degree of amino acid sequence homology and domain organization [6]. (scientificarchives.com)

These drawbacks may be explained, at least in part, by the various phenotypes and histological characteristics of tumor liver cells and its microenvironment [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Constitutive endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inducible nitric oxide synthase are expressed in liver cells. (ectrx.org)
Liver macrophage KUP5 cells and normal liver cells AML12 cells were incubated in CDs at the same concentration for 24 h to compare the different effects under the same exposure conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
These findings provide a new understanding of how CDs impact different liver cells and contribute to a more complete toxicological safety evaluation of CDs. (biomedcentral.com)

The c-Kit-IN-2 VWA site is situated in cell adhesion and extracellular matrix proteins and it is regarded as involved with proteinCprotein interactions needing divalent cations. (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
Our results demonstrate that cytoglobin expression is correlated with a more quiescent phenotype of stellate cells in culture and that cytoglobin is regulated by the extracellular matrix through integrin signalling dependent on activation of focal adhesion kinase. (biomedcentral.com)

NAR can be encapsulated by chitosan nanoparticles-TPP conjugates, thereby improving NAR cellular absorption and cytotoxicity against cancer cells. (scientificarchives.com)
Moreover, the particular appearance involving IDO inside U937 cellular material was up-regulated through decidual stromal cells ( Aesthetic cortical prostheses (VCPs) have the potential to revive graphic operate to people along with acquired blindness. (autophagysignal.com)

Evidence indicating that OXPHOS plays a substantial role in the development of many cancer cells has led to the growing recognition of cancer as a metabolic disease. (scientificarchives.com)
We also present a thorough analysis of the role of succinate in the initiation of metabolic and epigenetic changes that contribute to the development of cancer, as well as its effects on angiogenesis, cell invasion, and migration. (scientificarchives.com)
However, many patients fail to respond to these therapies, and metabolic barriers imposed on T cells by the TME may contribute. (elifesciences.org)

At birth, we are colonized by a collection of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, that outnumber our human cells by 10:1 and provide 100-fold as many genes as found in our human genome [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

et al, The Flavagline Compound 1-(2-(dimethylamino)acetyl)-Rocaglaol Induces Apoptosis in K562 Cells by Regulating the PI3K/ Akt/mTOR, JAK2/STAT3, and MAPK Pathways. (sabbiotech.cn)

A decrease in the level of tumor necrosis factor α and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase as well as a (possibly) preserved mitochondrial redox status have also been noted as a result of exogenous melatonin treatment (39). (ectrx.org)

We characterize the role of increased Lyn kinase activity in neutrophils, endothelial cells and lesional liver biopsies and utilized an iPSC-derived endothelial cell platform for disease modeling of neutrophilic vasculitis and to screen and evaluate drug efficacy. (nature.com)

However, CCl 4 has many side effects on humans and the environment. (biomedcentral.com)

Therefore, it is necessary to explore the role of MitoTEMPO on immunomodulatory in high fat diet-induced NAFLD, which is much closer to human NAFLD pathogenesis. (hindawi.com)

Functional studies revealed increased expression of ICAM-1 on induced patient-derived endothelial cells (iECs) and of β2-integrins on patient neutrophils that increase neutrophil adhesion and vascular transendothelial migration (TEM). (nature.com)

Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue using Akt(Phospho-Ser473) Antibody #11054(left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide(right). (sabbiotech.cn)
Nevertheless, blockade of 2/1 manifestation with siRNA in the dysgenic muscle tissue cell range GLT got no influence on EC coupling and triggered just an acceleration from the calcium mineral current (Obermair 2005). (cell-signaling-pathways.com)
The info associated with co-culture method established that 1-MT-pretreated dMφ reduced the expansion along with the expression involving Ki-67 and Bcl-2, as well as greater cell apoptosis associated with HTR-8/Snveo tissue. (autophagysignal.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms11

Diseases27

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Oxidative7

Activation of hepatic2

Ischemia-reperfusion injury2

Inflammation8

Fibrosis5

Steatosis2

Kupffer5

Proliferation3

Intestinal2

Renal3

Cycle arrest6

PPAR1

Metabolism10

Membrane6

Sinusoids2

Dysfunction1

Macrophages2

Progression2

HSCs3

Senescence6

Regulation1

Differentiation2

Autophagy4

Toxicity1

Chronic3

Lipid2

Hepatocytes3

Permeable8

Protein1

Immune4

Accumulation2

Receptors3

Lobules2

Enhances1

Mitochondria2

Downstream2

Hepatocyte5

Biology1

Senescent cells4

Protective effects2

Toxins2

Induce1

Induction1

Tumor cells2

Inhibitor2

Subunits1

Vitro2

Tissues2

Hepatitis1

Molecular1

Liver cells4

Extracellular2

Cellular2

Metabolic3

Genes1

MTOR1

Melatonin1

Endothelial cell1

Effects1

Role1

Migration1

Tissue3