Mitochondrial subcellular fractions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Although studies suggest that αSyn and its missense mutant, A53T, preferentially accumulate in the mitochondria, the mechanisms by which αSyn and mitochondrial proteins regulate each other to trigger mitochondrial and neuronal toxicity are poorly understood. (springer.com)
Deficiency in ClpP induces an overload of mitochondrial misfolded/unfolded proteins, suppresses mitochondrial respiratory activity, increases mitochondrial oxidative damage and causes cell death. (springer.com)
Accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, which varied with the severity of AD, inhibited the entry of nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits IV and Vb proteins, which was associated with decreased cytochrome c oxidase activity and increased levels of H 2 O 2 . (jneurosci.org)
In the ensuing decades, further technological and computational advances helped to refine these 'maps', with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. (nature.com)
We discuss how emerging technologies can assist the detection of new mitochondrial proteins, reveal their patterns of expression across diverse tissues and cell types, and provide key information on proteoforms. (nature.com)
Fig. 2: Potential sources of new mitochondrial proteins. (nature.com)
Gimap proteins may therefore have similar function, but different subcellular locations. (hindawi.com)
Additional studies investigated the leakage of mitochondrial proteins and 4-HNE adduction of these proteins. (arizona.edu)
MS analysis of hepatic and mitochondrial subcellular fractions identified proteins from APAP treated mice. (arizona.edu)
Site specific 4-HNE adducts were identified on mitochondrial proteins sarcosine dehydrogenase and carbamoyl phosphate synthase-1 (CPS-1). (arizona.edu)
Proteins that are found exclusively or predominantly in a sub-cellular location will be more enriched in a lysate of the sub-cellular fraction compared with whole cell or tissue lysates. (abcam.com)
Exchange of 13C enriched TCA cycle intermediates with the NMR-observed glutamate pool in the cytosol is achieved by the coordinated activity of two types forex autopilot robot carrier proteins that span the mitochondrial membrane.Li, Y. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
To support our subcellular fractionation data, we performed immunolocalization in the ectopically expressed proteins in intact T. brucei cells, utilizing a monoclonal antibody against HA. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
High-confidence identification of ~2,000 proteins, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, plasma membrane, extracellular and unknown/unclassified proteins, was obtained by separating tryptic peptides of renal cortical proteins into 60 fractions by SCX prior to LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins represented the renal cortical proteome with no discernible bias due to protein physicochemical properties, subcellular distribution, biological processes, or molecular function. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of the most abundant proteins based on normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) in this dataset versus a published glomerular proteome indicated enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in the former and cytoskeletal proteins in the latter. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result of extracting all proteins from the renal cortex, we identified an exceptionally wide range of renal proteins in terms of pI, MW, hydrophobicity, abundance, and subcellular location. (biomedcentral.com)
Until now, studies have been limited to high abundant proteins and relied on the purification of organelle fractions from a bulk of cells. (kth.se)
Within the scope of this thesis, we were able to systematically localize proteins in their native cellular environment using antibody-based imaging techniques, and to investigate protein subcellular localization and dynamics on a single cell level, introducing a major advance within the field of spatial proteomics. (kth.se)
Paper I of this thesis presents a subcellular map of the human proteome, where the spatial distribution of 12,003 human proteins was mapped into 30 subcellular structures, half of which were not previously localized. (kth.se)
In Paper III , we expanded the mitochondrial proteome with 560 novel proteins. (kth.se)
Pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy, a risk factor for heart failure, is associated with reduced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins that correlate in rodents with reduced PGC-1? (omicsdi.org)

High‐throughput profiling of the mitochondrial proteome using affinity fractionation and automation. (nature.com)
The S. cerevisiae Mdm12p was localized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and by subcellular fractionation and immunodetection to the mitochondrial outer membrane and displayed biochemical properties of an integral membrane protein. (rupress.org)
Immunofluorescence and subcellular fractionation were used to evaluate AIF nuclear translocation. (biomedcentral.com)
Subcellular fractionation analysis clearly showed that while the FLTAO, 10TAO, and 20TAO mutants have been accumulated exclusively in the mitochondrial fraction, some of the expressed 30TAO and 40TAO was found inside the cytosolic fraction in procyclic parasites (Fig. 3B to F). As controls, we employed VDAC, a mitochondrial protein, and TbPP5, a cytosolic protein, to validate the quality on the subcellular fractionation. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
The Cell Compartment Kit is designed for fast and easy subcellular fractionation of intact eukaryotic cells and tissue. (qiagen.com)

The levels of translocationally arrested mitochondrial APP directly correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction. (jneurosci.org)

The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. (nature.com)
Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for aiding both diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and targeting of mitochondria for treatment. (nature.com)
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of human placental mitochondria and protein identification by mass spectrometry: toward a human mitochondrial proteome. (nature.com)
As many as 20% of the mitochondrial proteome showed variations in their expression pattern at the single cell level, most often independent of the cell cycle. (kth.se)
Tissue-specific remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome in type 1 diabetic akita mice. (omicsdi.org)

Both α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). (springer.com)
Although the mechanisms underlying PD remain elusive, α-Synuclein (αSyn) accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction have been recognized as major contributors [ 1 , 57 ]. (springer.com)
Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the major intracellular lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD). (jneurosci.org)
However, the causative factors involved in the mitochondrial dysfunction in human AD are not well understood. (jneurosci.org)
Collectively, these results suggest that abnormal accumulation of APP across mitochondrial import channels, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, is a hallmark of human AD pathology. (jneurosci.org)
Progressive mitochondrial accumulation of incompletely translocated APP caused mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired cellular energy metabolism. (jneurosci.org)
US 20130022666 provides compositions comprising a lipid carrier and mitochondria as well as methods of delivering exogenous mitochondria to a cell and methods of treating or reversing progression of a disorder associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in a mammalian subject in need thereof. (justia.com)
Dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) is a major cause of human mitochondrial diseases. (biorxiv.org)
Following TAC, KO mice progressed more rapidly to heart failure and developed more severe mitochondrial dysfunction, despite a similar overall pattern of repression of OXPHOS and FAO genes as WT-TAC. (omicsdi.org)
levels in the context of pressure overload hypertrophy (POH) would preserve mitochondrial function and prevent contractile dysfunction. (omicsdi.org)
expression following POH, while preserving myocardial vascularity, does not prevent mitochondrial and contractile dysfunction. (omicsdi.org)
To elucidate the molecular basis for mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications. (omicsdi.org)

Expression of genes that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, substrate utilization, and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were determined. (omicsdi.org)

Subcellular localization critically influences protein function, and cells control protein localization to regulate biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
Protein function is critically determined by subcellular localization, as organelles offer different chemical environments and interaction partners. (elifesciences.org)
In order to regulate protein activity, many biological processes involve changes in protein subcellular localization. (elifesciences.org)
Hexokinase (HXK) is the only plant enzyme that phosphorylates glucose (Glc), so it is key to fueling several metabolic pathways depending on their substrate specificity, metabolite regulatory responses and subcellular localization. (biomedcentral.com)

Their diverse functions are enabled by a sophisticated set of protein components encoded by the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. (nature.com)
Nuclear transfer efficiency is enhanced by introduction of compatible cytoplasm or mitochondrial DNA (same species or similar to donor cell or nucleus). (justia.com)
At the subcellular level, CAPN5 is found in nuclear and crude mitochondrial fractions, and associated with promeylocytic nuclear bodies. (uky.edu)
The use of 2.5% NP40 detergent greatly assists in freeing HO-1 protein from membranes and/or other cellular entities and increased the amount of HO-1 protein found in rat liver whole homogenates as well as the nuclear, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions. (elsevierpure.com)
HSP70 reduces caspase activation (mainly caspase-3) and suppresses mitochondrial damage and nuclear fragmentation. (biomedcentral.com)

Compensating for the loss of ClpP in the substantia nigra of αSyn A53T mice by viral expression of ClpP suppresses mitochondrial oxidative damage, and reduces αSyn pathology and behavioral deficits of mice. (springer.com)

WO 2016/135723 to the present inventors discloses mammalian bone marrow cells enriched with mitochondria for treatment of mitochondrial diseases. (justia.com)

Annonaceous acetogenin mimic AA005 reportedly inhibits mammalian mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone reductase (Complex I) and induces gastric cancer cell death. (biomedcentral.com)

Translocator Protein (TSPO) mediates the first step of cholesterol transport to the inner mitochondrial membrane cytochrome P-450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) (Besman et al. (aopwiki.org)
It is known that during apoptosis cytochrome c is translocated from the intermembrane space of mitochondria to the cytosol, a process that is reflected in the detection of cytochrome c in the cytosolic fraction of apoptotic cells. (qiagen.com)

1989). TSPO ligands stimulate steroidogenesis and induce cholesterol movement from the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) to the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) (Besman et al. (aopwiki.org)

Mdm12p is the third mitochondrial outer membrane protein required for normal mitochondrial morphology and distribution to be identified in S. cerevisiae and the first such mitochondrial component that is conserved between two different species. (rupress.org)

APAP induced leakage of the mitochondrial protein, carbamoyl phosphate synthase-1 (CPS-1) into the cytosol and which was reduced in the S. +. A group. (arizona.edu)
Both vanadium solutions were primarily accumulated in the mitochondrial fraction (138 +/- 0 and 195 +/- 34 ng V/g dry tissue for metavanadate and decavanadate solutions, respectively, after 12 h exposure), rather than in cytosol. (ualg.pt)
In response to cell death stimulation, mitochondrial survivin is rapidly discharged in the cytosol, where it prevents caspase activation and inhibits apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)

Both sialoglycoproteins and ganglioside contents were markedly increased in microsomal and synaptosomal fractions and decreased in the mitochondrial fractions although the increase in the synaptosomal fractions has been found to be most striking. (caluniv.ac.in)
For many research projects utilizing this ELISA assay for HO-1 protein concentration, use of the whole homogenate will be an excellent choice, rather than use of the postmitochondrial or microsomal fractions. (elsevierpure.com)

in maintaining mitochondrial energy metabolism and contractile function in pressure overload hypertrophy.PGC-1? (omicsdi.org)
plays an important role in maintaining baseline mitochondrial function and cardiac contractile function following pressure overload hypertrophy by preserving glucose metabolism and preventing oxidative stress. (omicsdi.org)
expression following pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy preserves angiogenesis but not contractile or mitochondrial function. (omicsdi.org)

Overexpression of ClpP reduces αSyn-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress through enhancing the level of Superoxide Dismutase-2 (SOD2), and suppresses the accumulation of αSyn S129 phosphorylation and promotes neuronal morphology in neurons derived from PD patient iPS cells carrying αSyn A53T mutant. (springer.com)
Mitochondrial accumulation of APP was also observed in the cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, and glutamatergic neuronal types in the category III AD brains. (jneurosci.org)
AA005 treatment also reduced expression of mitochondrial Complex I components, and leads to accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the early stage. (biomedcentral.com)

Mitochondrial state 3 respirations and ATP synthesis were measured, and mitochondrial morphology was evaluated by electron microscopy. (omicsdi.org)

The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage, and caspase 3 activity were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the expression profiles of different anti- and pro-apoptotic as well as epigenetic signals were studied by immunoblotting. (molcells.org)

To identify determinants of mETC function, we screened a genome-wide human CRISPRi library under oxidative metabolic conditions with selective inhibition of mitochondrial Complex III and identified OCIA domain-containing protein 1 (OCIAD1) as a Complex III assembly factor. (biorxiv.org)
is repressed in concert with reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). (omicsdi.org)
Although TAC-induced repression of FAO genes and oxidative phosphorylation (oxphos) genes was prevented in TG mice, mitochondrial function and ATP synthesis were equivalently impaired in Cont and TG mice after TAC. (omicsdi.org)

This began to change 20 years ago when, driven by the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the first draft mitochondrial proteomes were established. (nature.com)

Furthermore, in AD brains, mitochondrially associated APP formed stable ∼480 kDa complexes with the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 40 (TOM40) import channel and a super complex of ∼620 kDa with both mitochondrial TOM40 and the translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane 23 (TIM23) import channel TIM23 in an "N in mitochondria -C out cytoplasm " orientation. (jneurosci.org)
Wiedemann N, van der Laan M, Hutu DP, Rehling P, Pfanner N (2007) Sorting switch of mitochondrial presequence translocase involves coupling of motor module to respiratory chain. (uni-goettingen.de)

Based on this work I won a fellowship from the Korean Federation of Science and Technology Societies to investigate the subcellular localisation of maize auxin biosynthesis at Dankook University in Seoul which lead to a publication that showed for the first time that both steps of the TAA/YUC pathway of auxin biosynthesis can be ER-localised. (brookes.ac.uk)

Interestingly, mitochondrial translocation of APP was incomplete because of an internal acidic domain present between 220 and 290 amino acids. (jneurosci.org)

Considering the biochemical characteristics, location and the expression of ZmHXK4 at onset of germination, we suggest that it is the main contributor to mitochondrial activity at early germination times, at 24 h other ZmHXKs also contribute to the total activity. (biomedcentral.com)

The method involves microinjecting heterologous mitochondria into an oocyte or embryonic cell wherein the heterologous mitochondria are capable of achieving at least normal levels of mitochondrial membrane potential in the oocyte or embryonic cell. (justia.com)

The binding of αSyn to ClpP further promotes a distribution of ClpP from soluble to insoluble cellular fraction in vitro and in vivo, leading to reduced solubility of ClpP. (springer.com)
The molecular mechanisms and cellular components that mediate this mitochondrial inheritance are beginning to be elucidated through the analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants exhibiting specific defects in mitochondrial distribution. (rupress.org)
Characterization of some of the mdm mutants has indicated that mitochondrial inheritance is a specific, active process that depends on a number of novel cellular components ( Yaffe, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
Analysis of subcellular fractions of pea leaves and red beet roots established that GGH activity is confined to the vacuole and that this activity, if not so sequestered, would deglutamylate all cellular folylpolyglutamates within minutes. (univpm.it)
Richter-Dennerlein R, Dennerlein S, Rehling P (2015) Integrating mitochondrial translation into the cellular context. (uni-goettingen.de)

MTC02 mAb can be used to stain the mitochondria in cell or tissue preparations and can be used as a marker in subcellular fractions. (10genomics.com)

An acute exposure of two vanadate solutions-metavanadate and decavanadate-containing different vanadate oligomers, induces different patterns of subcellular vanadium distribution in blood plasma, red blood cells (RBC), and cardiac muscle subcellular fractions of the fish Sparus aurata (gilthead seabream). (ualg.pt)
It is concluded that, in fish cardiac muscle, the vanadium distribution is dependent on the administration of decameric vanadate, with vanadium being mainly distributed in plasma, before being accumulated into the mitochondrial fraction. (ualg.pt)

With regard to the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, HSP70 can bind directly to the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member BAX and prevent it from translocating to mitochondria, where the latter disrupts mitochondrial membranes following an apoptotic stimulus. (biomedcentral.com)

Nevertheless, the mechanisms related to the impairment of mitochondrial functions specific to AD remain unclear. (jneurosci.org)

OXPHOS depends on the mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC), which transfers electrons from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen. (biorxiv.org)

Moreover, apolipoprotein genotype analysis revealed that AD subjects with the E3/E4 alleles had the highest content of mitochondrial APP. (jneurosci.org)
This study examined protein carbonylation as well as mitochondrial and cytosolic protein adduction by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) using mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. (arizona.edu)
Ultrastructural analysis confirmed mitochondrial alterations in both APCs. (springeropen.com)

WT-TAC mice developed relatively compensated LVH, despite reduced mitochondrial function and repression of OXPHOS and FAO genes. (omicsdi.org)
In nonstressed KO hearts, OXPHOS gene expression and palmitoyl-carnitine-supported mitochondrial function were reduced to the same extent as banded WT, but FAO gene expression was normal. (omicsdi.org)

Unexpectedly, however, at later times (6 and 24 hours) NETs apparently triggered a cell death process in these APCs by a caspase- and Apoptosis induced factor (AIF)-dependent pathway, suggesting mitochondrial damage. (springeropen.com)
Our results would suggest that early in inflammation, NETs can activate the two main APCs (Mfs and cDCs), but as the process continues, NETs can then initiate apoptosis of these cells through mitochondrial harm. (springeropen.com)
Here we show that survivin, a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family that is overexpressed in cancer, exists in a novel mitochondrial pool in tumor cells. (umassmed.edu)

Fig. 4: Translational utility of the mitochondrial protein map. (nature.com)

The Mitochondrial Asasy reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (10genomics.com)
In all situations, we discovered that the mutated protein was identified inside the membrane fraction right after alkali extraction of isolated mitochondria (see Fig. S1 inside the supplemental material), suggesting that deletion in the N terminus of TAO has no impact on integration from the protein into the mitochondrial membrane in the intact cell. (ezh2inhibitor.com)
The 4 Extraction Buffers are added sequentially to a cell pellet and the respective fractions are isolated by centrifugation (see flowchart ). (qiagen.com)

Median dose was 4500 INNO-206 biological activity cGy in 5 fractions recommended to the 100% isodose line. (bios-mep.info)

The present paper reports the result of studies undertaken to determine the effects of the in vivo administration of Δ9‐THC on the ganglioside and sialoglycoprotein contents of rat brain subcellular fractions. (caluniv.ac.in)

Various mitochondrial disorders are known to result from defective genes in the mitochondrial DNA. (justia.com)

The mETC is comprised of a series of four large inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) complexes (CI-CIV) that assemble into supercomplexes of defined stoichiometry ( Letts and Sazanov, 2017 ). (biorxiv.org)

It is a part of a panel of reagents which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments. (10genomics.com)
It is a part of a new panel of reagents, which recognizes subcellular organelles or compartments of cells. (10genomics.com)

In line with these results, studies using various enzyme inhibitors, such as DPI, allopurinol, rotenone, N G -monomethyl- l -arginine, and indomethacin, suggest that the predominant source of superoxide anion in vascular particulate fraction is NADH-dependent membrane-bound oxidase. (diabetesjournals.org)

Despite these findings suggesting that mitochondria might be a key link between αSyn toxicity and neuronal degeneration in PD, the field still lacks an understanding of how αSyn abnormality and mitochondrial functional deficiency influence each other. (springer.com)
When expressed in S. cerevisiae , the S. pombe Mdm12p homolog conferred a dominant-negative phenotype of giant mitochondria and aberrant mitochondrial distribution, suggesting partial functional conservation of Mdm12p activity between budding and fission yeast. (rupress.org)

In this Roadmap, we propose a path forward for refining the mitochondrial protein map to enhance its discovery and therapeutic potential. (nature.com)
US 2012/0058091 discloses diagnostic and therapeutic treatments related to mitochondrial disorders. (justia.com)

Contractile function was also equally impaired in Cont and TG mice following TAC, as demonstrated by decreased +dP/dt and ejection fraction and increased left ventricular developed pressure and end diastolic pressure. (omicsdi.org)
Mitochondrial matrix and membrane fractions were generated from liver, brain, heart, and kidney of wild-type and type 1 diabetic Akita mice. (omicsdi.org)

Yet numerous challenges remain in understanding mitochondrial biology and translating this knowledge into the medical context. (nature.com)

Both GIMAP4 and GIMAP7 from human Jurkat cells [ 3 ] localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus while mouse Gimap3 from murine IL-3-dependent 32D myeloid precursor cells was expressed at the outer mitochondrial membrane [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the mitochondrial asasy reagents distributed by Genprice. (10genomics.com)

Anatomy51

Organisms12

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment38

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science3

Health Care2

Proteins21

Fractionation5

Correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction1

Proteome5

Dysfunction12

Biogenesis1

Localization4

Nuclear5

Suppresses mitochondrial1

Mitochondria for treatment1

Mammalian1

Cytochrome2

Induce1

Outer membrane protein1

Cytosol3

Microsomal2

Overload3

Accumulation3

Morphology1

Species1

Oxidative3

Proteomics1

Translocase2

Biosynthesis1

Translocation1

Biochemical1

Embryonic1

Cellular5

Marker1

Cardiac2

Apoptotic1

Unclear1

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Analysis3

OXPHOS2

Apoptosis3

Translational1

Cell3

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