Mild hyperparathyroidism primary. Medical search. Frequent questions

[ 1 , 2 ] Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient population, and it is second only to malignancy as an etiology of hypercalcemia in the inpatient population. (medscape.com)
The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is made by means of the laboratory confirmation of an elevated PTH level in the setting of hypercalcemia. (medscape.com)
Chronic elevation of calcium with absent or mild symptoms often points to primary hyperparathyroidism or Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. (wikipedia.org)
Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most frequent cause of hypercalcemia in adults. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Hypercalcemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism is generally mild-moderate. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
However, sometimes the presentation is insidious with nonspecific symptoms and mild hypercalcemia. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
However, the demonstration of LOH at 11q13 and MEN1 gene mutations in small parathyroid adenomas of patients with slight hypercalcemia and normal serum PTH levels suggest that altered MEN1 gene function may also be important for the development of mild sporadic pHPT. (lu.se)
You might not have any noticeable symptoms if you have mild hypercalcemia. (healthline.com)
This usually leads to mild cases of hypercalcemia. (healthline.com)
This balance is disrupted in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, which can lead to high blood calcium levels (hypercalcemia), kidney stones , thinning of bones, nausea and vomiting, high blood pressure ( hypertension ), weakness, and fatigue. (medlineplus.gov)
Differential diagnoses for the dog's hypercalcemia included lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, primary hyperparathyroidism, and, less likely, excessive vitamin D consumption (because of the normal vitamin D concentration). (dvm360.com)
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism also belong to this category. (medscape.com)
Severe hypercalcemia in adult patients with primary HPT who are unable to parathyroidectomy. (nih.gov)
Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hyperphosphatemia and mild hypocalcemia, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by hypercalcemia. (washington.edu)
During the last 10 y, the more widespread use of screening has allowed clinicians to identify an earlier and more subtle presentation of PHPT: Hypercalcemia is mild (combined usually with normal or borderline-low serum phosphate) and symptoms are absent or subtle. (snmjournals.org)
A detailed discussion of the pathogenesis, development, and clinical presentation of the various forms of hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism is outside the scope of the present work. (snmjournals.org)
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease and is defined as hypercalcemia with increased or inappropriately normal plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH). (biomedcentral.com)
24-Hour urinary calcium excretion is used to seperate the patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and typical primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
Serum 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D ( calcitriol ) concentration are significantly lower in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia than primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
You might not have signs or symptoms if your hypercalcemia is mild. (middlesexhealth.org)
A common cause of mild or transient hypercalcemia is dehydration. (middlesexhealth.org)
Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia, with an estimated prevalence of 0.89% of the US population, but it is underdiagnosed and undertreated. (mhmedical.com)
Maternal hypercalcemia from hyperparathyroidism can also cause prolonged suppression of PTH secretion in the neonate. (medscape.com)

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disorder in which the parathyroid glands (four glands located near or on the thyroid in the neck) become enlarged and produce too much parathyroid hormone. (cochrane.org)
We wanted to know if parathyroidectomy was better than medical therapy or simple observation for curing mild PHPT with no symptoms and improving disease-associated complications such as osteoporosis, low bone density, kidney stones, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease (conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels) and cognitive dysfunction. (cochrane.org)
Biochemical signs and severity of symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) differ among patients, and little is known of any coupling of clinical characteristics of nonfamilial pHPT to genetic abnormalities in the parathyroid tumors. (lu.se)
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders encountered in endocrinology practice today. (biomedcentral.com)
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder characterised by hypercalcaemia and parathormone increase. (revistanefrologia.com)
There is no therapy for control of hypercalciuria in nonoperable patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). (medscape.com)
Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common disorder for which surgery is the only definitive therapy. (medscape.com)
Distinguishing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) from familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH) can be challenging. (bioscientifica.com)
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is due to excessive secretion of parathormone (parathyroid hormone [PTH]) by ≥1 enlarged parathyroid gland ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)

Surgical excision of abnormal parathyroid glands offers the only permanent, curative treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)
In extreme cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, removal of the parathyroid gland after surgical neck exploration is the only way to avoid death. (wikipedia.org)
Ectopic locations of parathyroid glands are discussed in more detail in Surgical care in Primary Hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)
[ 1 ] However, in practice, some patients with mild to moderate hyperparathyroidism and hypercalciuria are ineligible for surgery or refuse surgical procedures. (medscape.com)
In patients with parathyroid carcinoma-associa-ted hyperparathyroidism, successful surgical treatment not only restores serum calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone levels, but may also improve blood pressure control. (edu.pl)
The only definitive treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism is surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid gland. (osteocare.gr)
In case the surgical treatment is not indicated, due to co-existing serious diseases of the patient or due to the patient's desire not to undergo surgery, there is an alternative drug treatment, which should be known that does not ensure the definitive treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. (osteocare.gr)
γ-Probe-guided MIP is a very attractive surgical approach to treat patients with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a solitary parathyroid adenoma. (snmjournals.org)
Within 3-6 months after surgical cure, osteocalcin levels in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism should return to the reference range. (medscape.com)

Hyperparathyroidism is usually subdivided into primary, secondary, and tertiary hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)
It can be of three types: primary, secondary, or tertiary. (biomedcentral.com)
Group 2: non-malignancy (benign)-related HCM (due to primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism, drug-induced vitamin D intoxication, granulomatous or other endocrinological causes) (n=98). (hasekidergisi.com)

Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Summary statement from the Fourth International Workshop. (thieme-connect.de)
Hypercalciuria was reintroduced as an indication for surgery at the 2013 Fourth International Workshop on the Management of Asymptomatic Primary Hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)

IntroductionParathyroid carcinoma (CaPa) is an extremely rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
A cancerous tumor is a very rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism. (ahdubai.com)

Skeletal effects of vitamin D deficiency among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
25-Hydroxy vitamin D is usually normal among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)

When biochemical screening is available, asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is the most likely presentation. (medscape.com)
Current issues in the presentation of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop. (thieme-connect.de)
Criteria for parathyroidectomy in asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. (revistanefrologia.com)
Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common form of the disease in most countries, and less commonly the disease may be presented with symptoms. (osteocare.gr)

Introduction: Parathyroid carcinoma is the least common endocrine-related malignancy and accounts for less than 1% of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. (edu.pl)
of all cases of primary hyperparathyroidism). (osteocare.gr)

Mandl noted improvement of the patient's severe skeletal abnormalities postoperatively, thereby linking hyperparathyroidism with bone disease. (medscape.com)
She presented with a mixed picture of primary hyperparathyroidism and severe vitamin D deficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
In severe and late stages of hyperparathyroidism, skeletal changes can be observed. (biomedcentral.com)
Symptoms may be so mild and nonspecific that they don't seem related to parathyroid function, or they may be severe. (ahdubai.com)
Absolute contraindications are hypercalcaemia, primary hyperparathyroidism, kidney stone, severe renal failure, Calcium & Vitamin D overdose, hypersensitivity to any of the tablet ingredients. (monicopharma.com)
Finally, a special feature of skeletal involvement in the case of severe primary hyperparathyroidism is hungry bone syndrome. (osteocare.gr)
Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism typically have elevated levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone at levels that are above normal in mild cases to very high levels in cases of severe disease. (osteocare.gr)
The thyroid gland influences metabolic processes in the body and thyroid conditions can range from mild to severe. (dpxmedcity.net)
primary hyperparathyroidism and Vitamin-D 3 overdosage, Severe renal failure. (com.bd)

Following a parathyroidectomy there is a bone mineral density (BMD) improvement in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
Parathyroidectomy improves bone geometry and microarchitecture in female patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: A one-year prospective controlled study using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. (thieme-connect.de)
Effects of parathyroidectomy versus observation on the development of vertebral fractures in mild primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
Does renal function improve after parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism? (revistanefrologia.com)
A 26-year-old Caucasian gentleman presented with recurrent mild hypercalcaemia and inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) following previous parathyroidectomy 3 years prior. (bioscientifica.com)
Bone disease is an indication for parathyroidectomy, even in the case of asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism. (osteocare.gr)

Most consistent laboratory findings associated with the diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism include elevated serum parathyroid hormone level and low to normal serum calcium . (wikidoc.org)

Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in 1-7 per 1,000 people, and hypercalcaemia occurs in about 2.7% of those with cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy account for about 90% of cases of hypercalcaemia. (wikipedia.org)
Hypercalcaemia is a common finding in the setting of primary care, 1 as well as in emergency departments 2 and patients admitted to hospital. (bmj.com)
His mother was also confirmed to have mild hypercalcaemia with hypocalciuria and, on further enquiry, had the same CASR variant. (bioscientifica.com)

Two types of hyperparathyroidism exist. (ahdubai.com)

See your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms of hyperparathyroidism. (ahdubai.com)

Surgery removes the overactive gland in primary hyperparathyroidism, but when multiple glands are involved three to three and one half glands may be removed. (sheaclinic.com)
Hyperparathyroidism occurs when one or more of your parathyroid glands becomes overly active and releases too much PTH. (healthline.com)
Mutations in the MEN1 gene have been found in some cases of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by overactivity of the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism). (medlineplus.gov)
Primary hyperparathyroidism is a generalized disorder resulting from excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by one or more parathyroid glands. (msdmanuals.com)
Learn about symptoms, tests and treatment for hyperparathyroidism - a condition caused by overactivity of the parathyroid glands. (ahdubai.com)
Hyperparathyroidism is when your parathyroid glands create too much parathyroid hormone in the bloodstream. (ahdubai.com)
In primary hyperparathyroidism, an enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands causes overproduction of the hormone. (ahdubai.com)
Hyperparathyroidism may occur because of a problem with the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or because of another disease that affects the glands' function (secondary hyperparathyroidism). (ahdubai.com)
Imaging of the parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism. (edu.pl)
Overactive parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism). (middlesexhealth.org)

Primary hyperparathyroidism affects approximately 0.3% of the population, with about 90% of patients having a single parathyroid adenoma and 10% having multigland hyperplasia or multiple adenomas. (medscape.com)
The frequencies of various parathyroid lesions underlying the hyperfunction are adenoma (80-95 %), primary hyperplasia (5-10 %), and parathyroid carcinoma (1 %) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism, she underwent a resection of the tumor, with a pathology report parathyroid follicular adenoma. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
In approximately 85% of cases, primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by a single adenoma. (medscape.com)
Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually due to an adenoma of the parathyroid gland, but is sometimes a result of hyperplasia (in about 10% of cases) and is rarely caused by adenocarcinoma (3). (washington.edu)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is predominant in postmenopausal women, with a female-to-male ratio of 3-4:1. (medscape.com)
Morphometric vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
The risk of fractures in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
Age Alert Primary osteoporosis is often called senile or postmenopausal osteoporosis because it most commonly develops in postmenopausal women. (medicscientist.com)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a sequel to chronic renal disease (renal osteodystrophy). (washington.edu)

Para-thyroid carcinoma presenting as normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism. (edu.pl)

Albright later described the clinical entity of classic primary hyperparathyroidism in the 1930s on the basis of 17 cases from his clinical practice. (medscape.com)
Clinical manifestations, radiographic findings, and bone mineral measurements of 65 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism are reviewed. (rsna.org)
Casara D, Rubello D, Pelizzo M, Shapiro B. Clinical role of (99m)TcO4/MIBI scan, ultrasound and intra-operative gamma probe in the performance of unilateral and minimally invasive surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism. (edu.pl)
Finally, although patients with primary hyperparathyroidism usually may not have clinical manifestations from the aforementioned target organs, they may report more vague and non-specific symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose the disease. (osteocare.gr)
Clinical or subclinical hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders. (snmjournals.org)

Researchers in several studies published in high-impact journals have recommended the use of high-dose vitamin D as safe in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism without the risk of raising calcium levels significantly. (biomedcentral.com)
1.30 mmol/L). Principal causes include hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D toxicity, and cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Low serum vitamin D (25-hydroxy vitamin D) may be found if vitamin D deficiency is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
primary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D overdosage. (tajgenerics.com)

The aim of this study is to assess TBS changes 2 years after successful surgery in a group of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and correlate these results with changes in BMD and bone turnover markers. (thieme-connect.de)
Although bone density improves 2 years after surgery in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and there is a restoration of bone turnover markers, TBS is not completely restored. (thieme-connect.de)
Trabecular bone score (TBS) - A novel method to evaluate bone microarchitectural texture in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
Trabecular Bone Score" (TBS): An indirect measure of bone micro-architecture in postmenopausal patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
Bone quality, as measured by trabecular bone score, in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (thieme-connect.de)
In most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism the disease is sporadic, with no family history or history of other endocrine diseases. (osteocare.gr)
It should be noted that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism may present with low bone density globally, while areas of the forearm and less of the lumbar spine appear to be typically affected. (osteocare.gr)
In fact, a characteristic feature of lumbar spine involvement is the increased risk of vertebral fractures in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (osteocare.gr)
For this prospective study, we included 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and a positive ultrasound prior to surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
Some patients with primary hyperparathyroidism may have elevated concentration of serum parathyroid hormone with normal serum calcium , which is usually suggestive of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)
The serum chloride phosphate ratio is high (33 or more) in most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)

The multiplicity of the bony lesions suggests that hyperparathyroidism should be included on the differential diagnosis. (washington.edu)
However, the age and sex of the patient make hyperparathyroidism an unlikely diagnosis. (washington.edu)
[3] Causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism should be rules out for making the diagnosis of normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)

This chapter is relevant to Section G7(iii) of the 2017 CICM Primary Syllabus, which asks the exam candidate to "describe the invasive and non-invasive measurement of blood pressure, including limitations and potential sources of error" . (derangedphysiology.com)

Secondary hyperparathyroidism occurs due to another disease that first causes low calcium levels in the body. (ahdubai.com)
Primary hyperparathyroidism usually occurs randomly, but some people inherit a gene that causes the disorder. (ahdubai.com)
Primary hyperparathyroidism is 3 times more common in females than males and typically occurs in patients in their fifties and older. (washington.edu)
With the above in mind, we understand the importance of examining the condition of our bones, with the help of a specialist, even if the primary hyperparathyroidism occurs without or with atypical symptoms. (osteocare.gr)
For this reason, as mentioned before, it is very important to assess the condition of our bones, with the help of a specialist, even if the primary hyperparathyroidism occurs with or without atypical symptoms. (osteocare.gr)
In MEN 1, multiglandular hyperparathyroidism is usually the initial manifestation and ultimately occurs in 90% of affected individuals. (mhmedical.com)

An elevated intact parathyroid hormone level with an elevated ionized serum calcium level is diagnostic of primary hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)
[ 4-6 ] Although the increase in calcium reabsorption may be associated with an increase in serum calcium, it is often mild because of the rapid suppression of parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. (medscape.com)
An elevated serum calcium on routine biochemical screening in a asymptomatic patient should raise the suspicion of primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)

Primary hyperparathyroidism is the third most common endocrine disorder. (osteocare.gr)

Findings may include: fractures after minor trauma, characteristic skeletal radiographic changes found incidentally, mild anemia, and occasional visual impairment secondary to optic nerve compression. (nih.gov)
Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism refers to familial hyperparathyroidism without the characteristic extraparathyroid features of other more complex hyperparathyroid syndromes. (mhmedical.com)

and hypocalcemia with tetanic seizures and secondary hyperparathyroidism. (nih.gov)

Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism might represent the first symptomatic stage of primary hyperparathyroidism. (wikidoc.org)

Hyperparathyroidism can become apparent early in its course when a patient presents with symptoms of abdominal pain, recurrent renal calculi, repeated fractures, or behavior changes. (biomedcentral.com)
Among these disorders is hyperparathyroidism, which is classically manifested by the presence of kidney stones, fractures, pancreatitis and psychiatric disorders. (reumatologiaclinica.org)
A 45-year-old white male was found to have radiographic findings of a diffusely dense appendicular skeleton, mild trabecular thickening, and multiple thoracic compression fractures indicating structural weakness. (fluoridealert.org)

Osteoporosis may be primary or secondary to an underlying disease, such as Cushing's syndrome or hyperthyroidism. (medicscientist.com)

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in adult patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis. (nih.gov)

Hyperparathyroidism is a disease characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, an 84-amino acid polypeptide hormone. (medscape.com)
Hyperparathyroidism is a disease characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, the hormone responsible for calcium and phosphate homeostasis in the body. (biomedcentral.com)

His medical history was remarkable for bilateral cystic-dysplastic kidneys, a congenital urethral valve (surgery in October 2006), terminal kidney insufficiency and peritoneal dialysis since 2006, renal anemia, hyperparathyroidism, hyperphosphatemia, microcephalus, and failure to thrive. (cdc.gov)

Hyperparathyroidism results in the excessive excretion of calcium and phosphate by the kidneys. (mhmedical.com)

Osteocalcin increases during high bone turnover (such as with hyperparathyroidism , acromegaly , and Paget disease). (medscape.com)

Unlike primary hyperparathyroidism, medical management is the mainstay of treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism. (medscape.com)
Surgery is the most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. (ahdubai.com)
If you have mild hyperparathyroidism, you may not need any treatment, although your blood-calcium levels, kidney function and bone health will need to be regularly checked. (digitalnaturopath.com)
Because of the mild symptoms, no antimicrobial drug treatment was started. (cdc.gov)

Affected kindreds may harbor an incomplete phenotypic expression of MEN 1 or hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, or germline mutations in other genes, such as CASR (encoding the calcium sensing receptor), CDC73, or GCM2 . (mhmedical.com)

Both the Public Health Service (PHS 1991) and the World Health Organization (WHO 2002) mentioned secondary hyperparathyroidism in connection with discussions of skeletal fluorosis, but neither report examined endocrine effects any further. (nationalacademies.org)

It is essential to bear in mind that in any one patient more than one type of hyperparathyroidism may be found, which may create perplexity regarding the etiology of the case. (biomedcentral.com)
Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are mostly (90%) involved in the etiology. (hasekidergisi.com)

Familial cases can occur as either part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes (MEN 1 or MEN 2a), hyperparathyroid-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome, or familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHPT). (medscape.com)
Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome is a familial autosomal dominant condition with parathyroid adenomas or carcinomas that are associated with tumors of the jaw and renal lesions. (mhmedical.com)

A 10-year prospective study of primary hyperparathyroidism with or without parathyroid surgery. (thieme-connect.de)
Unsuccessful surgery with persistent hyperparathyroidism, due to inadequate preoperative or intraoperative localization, may be observed in about 10% of patients. (snmjournals.org)

The use of calcium supplements has rarely given rise to mild gastro-intestinal disturbances such as constipation, flatulence, nausea, gastric pain, diarrhea. (com.bd)

There is a mild elevation in bone turnover indices including serum alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin , and urinary hydroxypiridinium collagen crosslinks. (wikidoc.org)

Anatomy6

Diseases56

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Health Care7

Hypercalcemia23

PHPT9

Surgical9

Tertiary3

Management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism2

Rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism2

Among patients with primary hyperparathyroidism2

Asymptomatic primary4

Cases of primary hyperparathyroidism2

Severe9

Parathyroidectomy6

Secondary hyperparathyroidism include1

Hypercalcaemia4

Types of hyperparathyroidism1

Symptoms of hyperparathyroidism1

Glands10

Adenoma5

Postmenopausal women4

Renal osteodystrophy1

Carcinoma1

Clinical5

Vitamin4

Patients with primary11

Diagnosis3

20171

Occurs6

Serum calcium3

Common endocrine disorder1

Characteristic2

Hypocalcemia1

Normocalcemic1

Fractures3

Hyperthyroidism1

Chronic kidney1

Secretion2

Hyperphosphatemia1

Phosphate1

Paget1

Treatment4

Calcium sensing1

Skeletal fluorosis1

Etiology2

Tumor2

Surgery2

Rarely1

Bone turnover1