Migration chemokine ccl2. Medical search. Frequent questions

Chemokines have been classified into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C and C. All of these proteins exert their biological effects by interacting with G protein-linked transmembrane receptors called chemokine receptors, that are selectively found on the surfaces of their target cells. (wikipedia.org)
Among other homeostatic chemokine receptors include: CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR5, which are important as part of the cell addresses for tissue-specific homing of leukocytes. (wikipedia.org)
A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. (lookformedical.com)
CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells form part of the blood-retina barrier and have recently been shown to produce various chemokines in response to proinflammatory cytokines, As the scope of chemokine action has been shown to extend beyond the regulation of leukocyte migration, we have investigated the expression of chemokine receptors on RPE cells to determine whether they could be a target for chemokine signaling. (elsevierpure.com)
CCRL2 is one of more than 20 distinct chemokine receptors expressed in human leukocytes. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
This is mostly due to surface toll-like receptors (TLRs) that can recognize both extracellular highly conserved microorganism structures or PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and alarmins further activating transcription factors of the same proinflammatory genes coding the production of proinflammatory regulatory substances, including cytokines and chemokines [ 4 , 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
With the exception of CXCR4, which was expressed on 29% of endothelial cells, all other chemokine receptors (CXCR1, 2, 3, and CCR2) were expressed on less than 5% of the endothelial cell populations. (vu.nl)
Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. (hindawi.com)
In particular, CD26 may play a key role in regulating chemokine activity, and thus cell migration into the CNS, as it demonstrated rapid and highly specific proteolytic activity and is highly likely to encounter chemokines as it was associated with T cells and macrophages that express the appropriate chemokine receptors. (shu.ac.uk)
The integration of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from microorganisms with their surface receptors in the immune cells, induces the production of several cytokines and chemokines that presents either a pro- and/or anti-inflammatory role by stimulating the secretion of a great variety of antibody subtypes and the activation of mechanisms of controlling the disease, such as the regulatory T cells. (bvsalud.org)

To investigate the underlying mechanism of how TATE leads to poor clinical outcomes, we showed that activated eosinophils produce a variety of cytokines and chemokines, and activated TATE-derived culture medium promotes tumor migration mainly through CCL2. (nycu.edu.tw)

The levels of several chemokines were significantly higher in intervillous compared to peripheral blood, including macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), CXCL10, and CCL25, whereas CCL21, CCL27 and CXCL12 were lower. (frontiersin.org)
Another reported that IL-10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL-10, formerly IFN-γ inducible protein 10) and CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2, formerly monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) levels were higher in patients with high viral loads ( 12 ), but patients with severe disease had higher levels of CXCL10 and CCL2 than did patients with less-severe cases. (cdc.gov)
Using ex vivo transmigration to CCL2 and CXCL10, T cell migration was not impaired between any of the treatment groups, yet when CCL2 and CXCL10 were treated with activated MMP-9, significantly fewer T cells migrated across collagen-coated 5-µm membranes (p (cdc.gov)
Enzymatic cleavage of chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10 : Implications for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis. (shu.ac.uk)
CCL2 and CXCL10 are chemokines expressed in MS lesions, which are thought to be pivotal in chemoattraction of T cells and monocytes into the CNS. (shu.ac.uk)
To assess the potential effects of chemokine cleavage in MS, recombinant proteins were used in an in vitro study which examined processing of CCL2 and CXCL10 by MMP2, MMP9 and CD26, using mass spectrometry to identify enzymatic cleavage products. (shu.ac.uk)
MMP9 removed four residues, and CD26 cleaved a dipeptide, from the N-termini of both CCL2 and CXCL10. (shu.ac.uk)
MMP2 N-terminally cleaved four residues from CCL2, and five from CXCL10. (shu.ac.uk)
MMP truncation of CCL2 was complete within 3h, but with CXCL10, remained incomplete by 48h. (shu.ac.uk)
Protease expression was investigated, to identify the likelihood that cleaved CCL2 and CXCL10 arise in vivo in MS. The MMP mRNA expression profile of cytokine-treated and untreated astrocytes examined by real time PCR showed that MMP2 mRNA was highly expressed with and without cytokine treatment, and MMP9 mRNA was increased following treatment with the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-1 p. (shu.ac.uk)
The chemotactic activity of the cleaved forms of CCL2 and CXCL10 identified in this study was investigated using real time in vitro migration assays. (shu.ac.uk)
Preliminary experiments with Jurkat cells, a T cell line, indicated that migration remained unaffected, or was slightly increased, by cleaved CXCL10 compared to the intact form. (shu.ac.uk)
Collectively, this study demonstrated that cleavage of CCL2 and CXCL10 by proteases, found at elevated levels in MS, may be an important regulator of chemokine activity. (shu.ac.uk)
At recruitment, we found that P. vivax-infected pregnant women had higher plasma concentrations of proinflammatory (IL-6, IL-1beta, CCL4, CCL2, CXCL10) and TH1-related cytokines (mainly IL-12) than uninfected women. (cdc.gov)

This antimicrobial gene encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily and ligand for the receptor CXCR3. (cancerindex.org)
The C-C chemokine receptor types 2 and 5 (CCR2 and CCR5), and their respective ligands, C-C chemokine ligand types 2 (CCL2/MCP-1) and 5 (CCL5/RANTES) play an important role in polarizing monocytes to M1 macrophages [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Background Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), also called monocyte chemoattractant proteins-1 (MCP-1), is one of the CC chemokine family members that is from the disease position and final results of osteoarthritis (OA). (careersfromscience.org)
Monocyte chemoattractant proteins 1 (MCP-1)/chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a ligand of CCR2, can be chemotactic for monocyte/macrophages and turned on T cells [10], [11]. (careersfromscience.org)

Here, we identified the impact of TNF-α and IL-1β on the inflammatory phenotype of CAFs and MSCs by determining the expression of inflammatory chemokines that are well-characterized as pro-tumorigenic in breast cancer: CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (RANTES). (nih.gov)
TNF-α (and IL-1β) induced the release of CCL2, CXCL8 and CCL5 by MSCs and CAFs generated by prolonged stimulation of MSCs with Tumor CM of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. (nih.gov)
Patient-derived CAFs expressed CCL2 and CXCL8, and secreted CCL5 following TNF-α (and IL-1β) stimulation. (nih.gov)

Interferon pathway-related cytokines/chemokines, including interleukin (IL) 18, macrophage inflammatory protein 3α, and IL-33, were elevated, but tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, CXCL8 (formerly IL-8), and cytokines acting through C-C chemokine receptor 2 and CCR5 were lower among case-patients than controls. (cdc.gov)
CCL2 was expressed in CAFs residing in proximity to breast tumor cells in biopsies of patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma. (nih.gov)
The current aim was to further characterize biological responses and mechanisms underpinning CXCL8-promoted progression of PTEN-depleted prostate cancer, focusing on characterizing the potential interplay between CXCL8 and other disease-promoting chemokines resident within the prostate tumor microenvironment. (oncotarget.com)
In vitro studies demonstrated functional co-operation of tumor-derived CXCL8 with stromal-derived chemokines. (oncotarget.com)
We conclude that tumor-derived CXCL8 signaling from PTEN-deficient tumor cells increases the sensitivity and responsiveness of CaP cells to stromal chemokines by concurrently upregulating receptor expression in cancer cells and inducing stromal chemokine synthesis. (oncotarget.com)
Stromal cell-secreted chemokines including CCL2 have been implicated in the primary tumor microenvironment, as mediators of tumor cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. (nuigalway.ie)
response to macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokines such WIN 48098 as for example interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis aspect- WIN 48098 (TNF-), OA synovial fibroblasts (OASFs) generate chemokines that promote irritation, neovascularization, and cartilage degradation via activation of matrix-degrading enzymes such as for example matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [1], [2]. (careersfromscience.org)
Interestingly, we noticed that LIF and CCL2 was tightly correlated with mesenchymal subtype tumor focus in mGBM and predicted poor survival of GBM patients. (thno.org)
Together, our work herein comprehensively profiled multi-omics features of mGBM and emphasized that components of extracellular microenvironment, such as LIF and CCL2, contributed to the evolution and prognosis of tumor foci in mGBM patients. (thno.org)

In addition to being known for mediating chemotaxis, chemokines are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in mass and have four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikipedia.org)
Chemokines primarily act to promote leukocyte chemotaxis to sites of inflammation. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
Chemokines are low molecular pounds secretory proteins that may regulate the chemotaxis and metabolic activity of particular leukocyte subsets. (careersfromscience.org)
In addition, secreted cytokine and chemokine proteins were assayed by standard ELISA, and chemotaxis of PBMC was assessed using a two-chamber assay system. (biomedcentral.com)

The roles of AP-1 and NF-κB in chemokine secretion were analyzed by Western blotting and by siRNAs to c-Jun and p65, respectively. (nih.gov)
In contrast, paracrine CXCL8 signaling induced expression and secretion of the chemokines CCL2 and CXCL12 from prostate stromal WPMY-1 fibroblasts and monocytic macrophage-like THP-1 cells. (oncotarget.com)
In addition, this interaction increased secretion of MIF and MIP-1α/CCL3 by ST and induced migration of PBMC towards iRBC-stimulated ST. (biomedcentral.com)

Their homeostatic function in homing is best exemplified by the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 (expressed within lymph nodes and on lymphatic endothelial cells) and their receptor CCR7 (expressed on cells destined for homing in cells to these organs). (wikipedia.org)
Chemotactic cytokines (chemokines), contribute to the recruitment of immune cells into the CNS, and are expressed by astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the CNS, and endothelial cells. (shu.ac.uk)

At week 24, there was a significant decrease in the mean values of platelet chemokines in the intervention vs placebo groups: CXCL7 ( P =0.001), CXCL5 ( P =0.011), CXCL8 ( P =0.004), CXCL 12 ( P =0.023) and CCL2 ( P =0.001). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
CXCL12-induced migration of PC3 cells and CCL2-induced proliferation of prostate cancer cells were dependent upon intrinsic CXCL8 signaling within the prostate cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)
Combined inhibition of both CXCL8 and CXCL12 signaling was more effective in inhibiting fibroblast-promoted cell motility while repression of CXCL8 attenuated CCL2-promoted proliferation of prostate cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)

For example, in co-culture experiments, CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling but not CCL2/CCR2 signaling supported fibroblast-mediated migration of PC3 cells while CXCL12/CXCR4 and CCL2/CCR2 signaling underpinned monocyte-enhanced migration of PC3 cells. (oncotarget.com)

BACKGROUND: Macrophages expressing CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) possess characteristics and performance akin to M1 polarized macrophages, which promote inflammation. (bvsalud.org)
The density of M2 macrophages is lower compared to M1 macrophages in obese patients [ 16 ] as a result of imbalance in CCR2/CCL2 and CCR5 axis. (biomedcentral.com)

We tracked migration of dendritic cells towards immobilized gradients of the chemokine CCL21 and varying superimposed soluble gradients of CCL19. (nature.com)
Once in the lymph node, the cells experience a second chemokine, (C-C motif) ligand19 (CCL19), which interacts with the same receptor (C-C chemokine receptor 7, CCR7) but interacts only weakly with sugars. (nature.com)

Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. (wikipedia.org)
Other chemokines are inflammatory and are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout. (wikipedia.org)
Inflammatory chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
Certain inflammatory chemokines activate cells to initiate an immune response or promote wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-inflammatory chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
The main function of chemokines is to manage the migration of leukocytes (homing) in the respective anatomical locations in inflammatory and homeostatic processes. (wikipedia.org)
We have studied the relationship between clinical and biochemical parameters and C-peptide and anti-inflammatory IL-10, as well as selected markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction such as: CCL2, CRP, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and E-selectin in obese women with various degree of glucose metabolism disturbance. (medsci.org)
Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
secondarily, to investigate if reductions in platelet chemokines effect changes in cholesterol or inflammatory markers. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Exclusion criteria included history of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorder, smoking, or the use of any drug that could affect lipid parameters, inflammatory markers, or chemokines. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Overall, anthocyanin supplementation led to beneficial changes in platelet chemokines as well as favorable changes in lipids and inflammatory markers compared to placebo. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
In contrast to decreased cell recruitment, key inflammatory chemokines were elevated in the lungs of ETOH-RSV mice. (cdc.gov)
So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
Endothelial and epithelial barriers determine the different stages of leukocyte migration in its journey towards the inflammatory focus in complex tissues. (hindawi.com)

Blocking of MIF or a combination of MIF, CCL25, and CCL20 in migration assays inhibited MAIT cell migration toward placenta conditioned medium. (frontiersin.org)

Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. (cancerindex.org)
A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils. (lookformedical.com)
A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
The improved VCAM-1 manifestation correlates with improved adhesion of monocytes to CCL2-activated OASFs. (careersfromscience.org)

After having captured antigen in non-lymphoid tissues, DCs migrate along immobilized gradients of the high affinity sugar-binding chemokine (C-C motif) ligand21 (CCL21) towards lymphatic vessels, from where they are flushed into the sinus of lymph nodes. (nature.com)

Cytokine proteins are classified as chemokines according to behavior and structural characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
We examined cytokine/chemokine profiles of 9/12 case-patients compared with healthy controls at 3 time intervals. (cdc.gov)
GO analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in biological processes related to inflammation, and the enriched pathways in the KEGG pathway analysis were cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signalling pathway and NF-κB signalling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
Changes in ST mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation were assessed by immunoblotting and mRNA expression levels of selected cytokine and chemokines in primary ST bound by iRBC were determined using real-time, reverse transcription PCR. (biomedcentral.com)

These are known as homeostatic chemokines and are produced and secreted without any need to stimulate their source cells. (wikipedia.org)

We measured the plasma concentrations of a set of thirty-one biomarkers, comprising cytokines, chemokines and growth factors, in 987 plasma samples from a cohort of 572 pregnant women from five malaria-endemic tropical countries and related these concentrations to delivery outcomes (birth weight and hemoglobin levels) and malaria infection. (cdc.gov)

Chemokine expression was determined in breast cancer patient-derived CAFs by ELISA and in patient biopsies by immunohistochemistry. (nih.gov)

Chemokines (from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khumeíā) 'alchemy', and κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsis) 'movement'), or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. (wikipedia.org)
Cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration towards the source of the chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such as directing lymphocytes to the lymph nodes so they can screen for invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen-presenting cells residing in these tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Migration assays showed that MAIT cells and EM T cells migrated toward conditioned medium from placental explants. (frontiersin.org)
The potential factors involved in the migration of maternal immune cells to the placenta is still unexplored. (frontiersin.org)
As a proof of principle we study the response of dendritic cells to their major guidance cues, chemokines. (nature.com)
Despite evidence suggesting that in vivo chemokines are often immobilized to sugar residues, limited information is available how cells respond to immobilized chemokines. (nature.com)
Beyond chemokines our approach is broadly applicable to alternative systems of chemo- and haptotaxis such as cells migrating along gradients of adhesion receptor ligands vs. any soluble cue. (nature.com)
Cell migration is mainly governed by adhesion of cells to substrates (other cells or connective tissue) and by extracellular signalling molecules acting as motogenic stimuli or directional guidance cues 2 . (nature.com)
While mesenchymal and epithelial cells are dominated by adhesive interactions the amoeboid crawling of leukocytes is largely controlled by guidance cues of the chemokine family 3 , 4 . (nature.com)
The prevailing paradigm of chemokine function is that spatial diffusion-based gradients of chemokines induce polarization and directed migration of the responding cells towards the chemokine source 5 . (nature.com)
Although it is conceivable that cells can equally respond to gradients of soluble and/or immobilized chemokines, almost all cell biological information available about-gradient sensing is based on in vitro studies employing soluble gradients. (nature.com)
The best understood example for the significance of immobilized vs. soluble chemokine gradients is the trafficking of dendritic cells (DCs). (nature.com)
Migration of monocytic cells was determined in modified Boyden chambers. (nih.gov)
Exposure of MSCs to TNF-α led to potent CCL2-induced migration of monocytic cells, a process that may yield pro-cancerous myeloid infiltrates in breast tumors. (nih.gov)
The chemokine CCL2 participates in multiple neuroinflammatory processes, mainly through the recruitment of glial cells. (mdpi.com)
T cells were placed in a transmigration system where chemokines had been treated with and without activated MMP-9. (cdc.gov)
Migration of Th1-type T cells play a major role in myocardial damage. (hal.science)
Even though the pathogenesis of the condition remains elusive, there is certainly increasing proof indicating that mononuclear cells migration has an important function in the perpetuation of irritation in synovium [3], [4]. (careersfromscience.org)
Treatment with LIF and CCL2 produced mesenchymal-like transcriptome in GBM cells. (thno.org)
Inhibiting KCa1.1 on FLS reduces the ability of FLS to stimulate T EM cell proliferation and migration, and inhibiting Kv1.3 on T EM cells reduces T EM cells' ability to enhance FLS expression of KCa1.1 and major histocompatibility complex class II protein, as well as stimulates their invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
THP-1 cells, a monocytic cell line, exhibited a two-fold reduction in migration to cleaved CCL2 isoforms, compared to the intact form. (shu.ac.uk)

Interferon pathway activation and cytokines/chemokines acting through CCR2 and CCR5 improved health results among children with severe CCHF. (cdc.gov)

Depending on the cellular context, TNF can induce diverse effects such as necrosis, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, cell migration and immune cell activation. (eurekaselect.com)

Chemokines are functionally divided into two groups: Homeostatic: are constitutively produced in certain tissues and are responsible for basal leukocyte migration. (wikipedia.org)
The events that follow leukocyte extravasation are perhaps less well characterized, although significant advances have been made with the advent of high-resolution intravital microscopy and the development of more sophisticated culture systems to investigate leukocyte migration and interactions in three dimensions. (hindawi.com)

However, the scarce information available for in vivo chemokine gradients suggests that the situation is often more complex and that chemokines are unlikely to distribute by free diffusion only. (nature.com)

The outcomes display that CCL2 activates the CCR2 receptor which activates proteins kinase C (PKC), p38MAPK, and AP-1 signaling pathway, resulting in the upregulation of VCAM-1 manifestation. (careersfromscience.org)

The parenchymal three-dimensional organization contributes to establish an haptotactic and chemotactic gradient (1) Leukocyte adhesion and transendothelial migration or diapedesis. (hindawi.com)
Both SOCS1 and SOCS3 improve FAK- and RhoA-activation leading to improved cell adhesion and reduced migration (46). (angiotensinreceptor.com)

However, the nomenclature of CCLR2 for this receptor and its classification as a member of the chemokine receptor family is provisional pending confirmation of chemokine binding. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)

There was no statistically significant difference in CXCL41, CXCL1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), or plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) concentrations between the 2 groups. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

CCL11, a chemokine largely neglected in the field of malaria, emerges as an important marker of exposure or mediator in this condition. (cdc.gov)

In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) parameters characterizing the degree of obesity significantly positively correlated with levels of CRP and CCL2. (medsci.org)

Genetic susceptibility to Chagas disease cardiomyopathy: involvement of several genes of the innate immunity and chemokine-dependent migration pathways. (hal.science)
In today's research, we explored the feasible intracellular signaling pathways involved with CCL2-induced VCAM-1 manifestation in human being OASFs. (careersfromscience.org)

Recombinant human being CCL2 was bought from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). (careersfromscience.org)

Effects of purified anthocyanin supplementation on platelet chemokines in hypercholesterolemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Fasting blood parameters for various platelet chemokine concentrations were obtained at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)

Increased concentrations of sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, E-selectin, CCL2 and CRP were found in all obese groups compared to the normal weight subjects. (medsci.org)

Combined chemokine targeting may be required to inhibit their multi-faceted actions in promoting the invasion and proliferation of aggressive CaP. (oncotarget.com)

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell populations were measured by flow cytometry, and chemokines were detected by Western blot or ELISA. (cdc.gov)

For chemokines binding with high affinity to sugar residues, immobilization can even lead to the formation of stable solid phase gradients, which induce a variant of haptotaxis 9 . (nature.com)

Interactions between proteases and chemokines expressed in the same milieu can result in chemokine processing that dramatically increases or decreases their activity. (shu.ac.uk)

At week 24, positive correlations were found between CCL2 and CXCL7 levels and LDL-C levels ( P =0.001 for each). (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
Lymphocyte recruitment was significantly reduced in the BAL 4 days after RSV infection in ETOH-RSV mice, whereas chemokine levels were the highest in this group at all experimental time points examined in comparison to RSV (p (cdc.gov)
Guadecitabine in association with ICBs increased serum levels of IFN-γ and IFN-γ-induced chemokines with anti-angiogenic activity. (biomedcentral.com)
Astrocyte supernatant was examined by mass spectrometry for the presence of these truncated chemokines, but low levels prevented detection. (shu.ac.uk)

CCR9 supports the migration of leukocytes into the intestine, CCR10 to the skin and CXCR5 supports the migration of B-cell to follicles of lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)

Such interactions restrict chemokine distribution and thereby can shape gradients. (nature.com)
The first stage of this immune steeplechase, the leukocyte transendothelial migration, is a multi-step cascade of interactions that have been extensively studied in recent years in different vascular beds and experimental models, and some comprehensive reviews on this topic can be found in this special issue [ 1 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

CCL2 release by TNF-α-stimulated MSCs was mediated by TNF-RI and TNF-RII, through the NF-κB but not via the AP-1 pathway. (nih.gov)

In addition to playing a major role in the activation of host immune responses, chemokines are important for biological processes, including morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancers. (wikipedia.org)
These data claim that CCL2 has an important function during OA pathogenesis. (careersfromscience.org)
Previous research show that CCL2 takes on important part in OA pathogenesis [16], [17]. (careersfromscience.org)

The majority of data on chemokine gradient sensing is based on in vitro studies employing soluble gradients. (nature.com)

Anatomy50

Organisms9

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs121

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes39

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Receptors20

Cytokines and Chemokines1

CXCL1014

Ligand4

CCL53

Tumor9

Chemotaxis4

Secretion3

ENDOTHELIAL CELLS2

CXCL83

CXCL121

MACROPHAGES2

CCL192

Inflammatory15

CCL201

Monocytes6

CCL211

Cytokine4

Produced and secreted1

Biomarkers1

Immunohistochemistry1

Cells23

CCR2 and CCR51

Angiogenesis1

Leukocyte migration2

Vivo1

Proteins1

Adhesion2

Receptor family1

Macrophage migrat1

CCL111

Positively correlated1

Pathways2

Recombinant1

Platelet2

Concentrations1

Proliferation1

ELISA1

Residues1

Milieu1

Levels4

Leukocytes1

Interactions2

Pathway1

Pathogenesis3

Vitro1