The brainstem consists of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. (wikipedia.org)
Developed dopamine1
The intrathalamic grafts of rats which had received a low dose of apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg) 2 h before perfusion showed clusters of intensely Fos-immunoreactive nuclei throughout the transplant, indicating that these cells had developed dopamine receptors and supersensitivity to dopamine agonists. (shengsci.com)
Medial1
Within it is the limbic system, known as the paleomammaliana cortex, which is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately below the medial temporal lobe of the brain, mainly in the midbrain. (buda.blog)
Spinal cord1
Additionally, some rats received intrastriatal grafts, and lesioned but non-grafted rats and lesioned rats that had received injections of saline or of cell suspensions from fetal spinal cord in the thalamus were used as control. (shengsci.com)
Structures2
the limbic structures, including the amygdalae and the hippocampi, the claustrum, the various nuclei of the basal ganglia, the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. (wikipedia.org)
Although the limbic system shows greater development in mammals and birds, but most of its components, such as the structures of the thalamus and hypothalamus, are also present in reptiles, amphibians and fish. (buda.blog)
Brain1
It is one of the four major dopamine pathways in the brain, and is particularly involved in the production of movement, as part of a system called the basal ganglia motor loop. (en-academic.com)
Superior1
Arnold's nerve originates from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve and also has a small contribution from the inferior ganglion of the glossopharyngeal nerve . (radiopaedia.org)
Motor1
Current models of basal ganglia disorders suggest that choreoathetosis is the end result of reduced GABAergic inhibition of the motor thalamus. (shengsci.com)
Raphe nuclei1
iKEPI fiber/terminal patterns are relatively densely distributed in striatum, nucleus accumbens, septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, hippocampus, paraventricular thalamus, ventromedial hypothalamus, interpeduncular nucleus , raphe nuclei, nucleus caudalis of the spinal tract of the trigeminal and dorsal horn of the spinal cord. (brainmaps.org)
Dorsal3
The limbic system is involved in lower order emotional processing of input from sensory systems and consists of the amygdala , mammillary bodies , stria medullaris , central gray and dorsal and ventral nuclei of Gudden. (wikipedia.org)
iKEPI-positive cell bodies lie in the nucleus accumbens, striatum, lateral septal nucleus, granular layer of dentate gyrus, interpeduncular nucleus , dorsal root ganglia and cerebellar vermis. (brainmaps.org)
An aggregation of cells in the middle hypothalamus dorsal to the ventromedial nucleus and bordering the third ventricle. (nih.gov)
Striatum1
At metamorphic climax and in newly metamorphosed frogs, positive perikarya were found in the striatum and in the interpeduncular nucleus . (brainmaps.org)
That middle portion of the hypothalamus containing the arcuate, dorsomedial, and ventromedial nuclei, and the tuber cinereum. (nih.gov)
Ventral tegm3
Tracing experiments to chart cerebellar nuclei-NAc pathways identified disynaptic pathways that recruit the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and intralaminar thalamus (Centromedial and Parafascicular nuclei) as intermediary nodes. (elifesciences.org)
Because high densities of alpha3beta4 nicotinic receptors occur in the medial habenula and the interpeduncular nucleus and moderate densities occur in the dorsolateral tegmentum, ventral tegmental area, and basolateral amygdala, the present study was conducted to determine if 18-MC could act in these brain areas to modulate methamphetamine self-administration in rats. (brainmaps.org)
In contrast, local administration of 18-MC and the other antagonists decreased sucrose self-administration when administered into the dorsolateral tegmentum or basolateral amygdala but had no effect when infused into the medial habenula, interpeduncular nucleus , or ventral tegmental area. (brainmaps.org)
Limbic3
the limbic structures, including the amygdalae and the hippocampi, the claustrum, the various nuclei of the basal ganglia, the basal forebrain structures, and the three circumventricular organs. (wikipedia.org)
Although the cerebellum is now recognized as part of a long-range brain network that serves limbic functions and motivated behavior, knowledge of cerebello-limbic connectivity is limited, and nothing is known about how the cerebellum connects functionally to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). (elifesciences.org)
The limbic system , also known as the paleomammalian cortex , is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus , immediately beneath the medial temporal lobe of the cerebrum primarily in the forebrain . (wikipedia.org)
Medial forebr1
It contains the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, tuberomammillary nucleus, lateral tuberal nuclei, and fibers of the medial forebrain bundle. (nih.gov)
Lateral2
The part of the hypothalamus posterior to the middle region consisting of several nuclei including the medial mamillary nucleus, lateral mamillary nucleus, and posterior hypothalamic nucleus (posterior hypothalamic area). (nih.gov)
Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the medial and lateral preoptic areas and caudally with the tuber cinereum. (nih.gov)
Cerebellar2
Here, we report that stimulation of cerebellar nuclei in mice of both sexes modulates spiking activity in both NAc core and medial shell with fast excitation and slower, less synchronized inhibition. (elifesciences.org)
The study expands our understanding of the neural circuitry downstream of the cerebellum by describing pathways between the deep cerebellar nuclei and the nucleus accumbens. (elifesciences.org)
Cerebellum1
The finding extends previous investigations about the connections between these two brain areas, and are important for elucidating the role of the cerebellum in influencing functions supported by the nucleus accumbens, such as motivation and reward. (elifesciences.org)
Dopamine1
18-Methoxycoronaridine, an agent that reduces morphine self-administration and attenuates dopamine sensitization in the nucleus accumbens in response to repeated morphine, has been shown to produce these effects by acting in the medial habenula and interpeduncular nucleus . (brainmaps.org)
Fasciculus1
Six hours after intracerebroventricular microinjection of MnCl2, T1-weighted 3D MRI (2.35 T) at 117 mum isotropic resolution revealed a continuous pattern of anterograde labeling from the habenula via the fasciculus retroflexus to the interpeduncular nucleus . (brainmaps.org)
Hypothalamic1
Hypothalamic nucleus overlying the beginning of the optic tract. (nih.gov)
Cell1
A nucleus of the middle hypothalamus, the largest cell group of the tuberal region with small-to-medium size cells. (nih.gov)
Levels3
Nicotine (0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg s.c.) produced a dose-dependent decrease in extracellular levels of acetylcholine, while methamphetamine (1 and 4 mg/kg i.p.) produced an increase in acetylcholine release in the interpeduncular nucleus . (brainmaps.org)
To determine if and how morphine acts in the interpeduncular nucleus , the effects of acute and repeated administration of morphine on extracellular acetylcholine levels in this brain area were assessed. (brainmaps.org)
Acutely, morphine produced a biphasic effect on extracellular acetylcholine levels in the interpeduncular nucleus such that low and high doses of morphine (i.e., 5 and 20mg/kg i.p.) significantly increased and decreased acetylcholine levels, respectively. (brainmaps.org)