• Hypoxia also causes the upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1-α), which induces angiogenesis and is associated with poorer prognosis and the activation of genes associated with metastasis, leading, for instance, to increased cell migration and also ECM remodeling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, single-cell sequencing provides unique insights into the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer metastasis and cachexia, paving the way for developing novel preventive strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • It unlocks novel dimensions by uncovering elusive cell populations and tumor heterogeneities for early detection, unraveling mechanisms of treatment resistance, tailoring therapies to individuals, and illuminating metastasis and cachexia pathways, thereby opening fresh avenues for preventive strategies. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to the underlying reason for cancer initiation, metastasis, and relapse. (springer.com)
  • CAFs provide cancer cells with nutrition and promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cells ( 6 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Introduction of the large CD81 negative VEGF positive EV population (amphisome characteristics) to the SLN augmented tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis, even when cytokine induction was used to remodel the SLN. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • In marked contrast, introduction of the PD-L1 positive exosomes to the SLN in combination with nanoparticle release of T-cell and dendritic cell chemoattractants, induced immune rejection of the syngeneic breast cancer, reducing tumor growth and blocking metastasis. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • Cancer Network spoke with Sheila A. Stewart, PhD, on how age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment may impact progression and metastasis. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Journal Article] Atrial natriuretic peptide prevents cancer metastasis through vascular endothelial cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Where these three cells come in contact is where tumor cells can enter blood vessels--a site called a tumor microenvironment of metastasis, or TMEM. (medindia.net)
  • Cancer cell invasion and metastasis remain the leading cause of death in patients with cancer. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that functions in modifying DNA errors and/or inducing apoptosis of damaged cells, and both APC and BECN1 genes are involved in CRC and are of importance in cellular growth and metastasis. (scielo.br)
  • Unambiguous evidence for the inability in humans of a systemic immune response to eliminate immunogenic cancer cells was provided by Boon's 1991 studies of antigens that elicit specific CD8+ T cell responses in melanoma patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nanoparticle-coated bacteria can capture tumor antigens and deliver them to immune cells, triggering a response that improved survival rates in mice. (the-scientist.com)
  • The radiation triggered the tumors to shed negatively charged antigens that clung to the bacteria. (the-scientist.com)
  • The results suggest that the engineered Salmonella helped ensure that antigen-detecting dendritic cells , which immunosuppressive tumors can disable or keep at bay, came into contact with the tumor antigens and activated an immune response. (the-scientist.com)
  • As Anderson explains, "tumors that make a lot of proteins that look different from healthy proteins will likely result in more antigens for the bacteria to transport. (the-scientist.com)
  • IMMUNE ASSISTANTS: Following radiation therapy, which triggers the release of cancer-specific antigens, researchers injected Salmonella typhimurium bacteria covered in positively charged nano-particles near tumors in mice. (the-scientist.com)
  • The bacteria captured the negatively charged antigens and ferried them to dendritic cells in the tumors' periphery, where a tumor-targeting immune response was initiated, improving the animals' odds of survival. (the-scientist.com)
  • Efficacy was dependent on the number of CD8+ T cells able to recognize tumor antigens that infiltrated the malignant tissue. (unav.edu)
  • In the first experiment, the injected necroptotic cells were derived from the same cell line as the tumors, and carried the same cell surface antigens. (the-scientist.com)
  • To him, it suggests that the necroptotic cells don't direct T cells to target tumors by displaying particular antigens, but rather by secreting particular cytokines and chemokines that activate local T cells that reside around the tumor and are already primed to attack those cancer cells, but need an external nudge to become active. (the-scientist.com)
  • Immunotherapies with antibody-drug-conjugates (ADC) and CAR-T cells, targeted at tumor surface antigens (surfaceome), currently revolutionize clinical oncology. (lu.se)
  • Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Antibodies targeting two tumor antigens and CD3 are being tested. (msdmanuals.com)
  • While angiogenesis can reduce this effect, the partial pressure of oxygen is below 5 mm Hg (venous blood has a partial pressure of oxygen at 40 mm Hg) in more than 50% of locally advanced solid tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • 71 Clusterin is a small heat shock glycoprotein overexpressed in most of the solid tumors, which promotes apoptosis by binding to various molecules such as BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) 72 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)−1. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) is ubiquitously expressed in solid tumors to which it delivers antifolates, particularly pemetrexed, into cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Perspectives of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte treatment in solid tumors. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The discovery of melanoma-specific T cells in patients led to the strategy of adoptively transferring large numbers of in vitro-expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) which has proven that the immune system has the potential to control cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor microenvironment possesses complexity because of a mixture of growth-promoting and inhibiting growth factors, nutrients, chemokines, and other noncancer types, which interact with each other and associate with tumor growth, disease progression, drug resistance, and especially, infiltrating T lymphocytes and tumor growth [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This review will discuss the metabolic changes that drive T cells into different stages of their development and how the TME imposes barriers to the metabolism and activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, the heterogeneous dynamics of CD8 T-cells during their interaction with lymphocytes have been investigated 13 . (nature.com)
  • The limited efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients is attributed to sparse or unresponsive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, but the mechanisms that lead to a therapy resistant tumor immune microenvironment are incompletely known. (nki.nl)
  • As shown by multiplex tissue immunofluorescence and intravital microscopy, combined immunotherapy treatments enhance T cell infiltration and the intratumoral performance of T lymphocytes. (unav.edu)
  • Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may have greater tumoricidal activity than LAK cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The development of skin sensitization is associated with, and requires, the activation and clonal expansion of allergen responsive T lymphocytes and it is these cells that orchestrate the cutaneous allergic reaction. (cdc.gov)
  • The importance of a stromal microenvironment, especially "wound" or regenerating tissue, has been recognized since the late 1800s. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to tumor cells, there are also other components such as stromal cells, inflammatory cells, vasculature, and the extracellular matrix [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We are now aware that lung cancer tissues are rich in nontumor cells, of which stromal cells significantly regulate tumor proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • With the development of bioinformatics in recent years and the acquisition of open lung cancer cohorts, it becomes possible to evaluate tumor purity content in the samples according to the estimated infiltration of stromal and immune cells ESTIMATE algorithm [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • POGLUT2 was mainly expressed in stromal cells as verified by StromalScore, ESTIMATEScore, ImmuneScore, and Tumor purity, and POGLUT2 was positively correlated with cancer-associated fibroblasts, macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • We used this system to study how tumor cells induced autophagy in the stromal niche. (nature.com)
  • 70 Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia differentiation protein 1) and other members of the BCL family, such as BCL-xl (B-cell lymphoma-extra-large), are also involved in resistance to Interleukin (IL)-6, stromal cell derived factor-1, and cytokine-induced apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Looking closer at this relationship, we discovered that histamine, through its receptor HRH1, can promote cancer cell immune evasion and resistance to immunotherapy. (newswise.com)
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors , a type of immunotherapy , work by blocking certain checkpoint proteins that regulate the activity of T cells, unleashing the T cells to mount an anti-tumor response and eliminate cancer cells. (newswise.com)
  • Breakthroughs in anti-tumor immunity have led to unprecedented advances in immunotherapy, yet it is now clear that the tumor microenvironment (TME) restrains immunity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Expanded understanding of the basic biology of T cell activation has enabled immunotherapy to combat cancer, and T cell metabolism now offers the opportunity to optimize and improve these therapeutic strategies. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, we will provide an overview of how utilizing an understanding of T cell metabolism may inform strategies to alter the TME or enhance T cell metabolism to strengthen the immunotherapy arsenal. (elifesciences.org)
  • Robert J. Motzer, MD, reviews the need for increased studies on the use of immunotherapy in later-line settings for advanced renal cell carcinoma. (cancernetwork.com)
  • In patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, neoadjuvant immunotherapy-based combinations yielded reductions in tumor size and pathologic necrosis at the time of cytoreductive nephrectomy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Researchers from Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center report that a new approach to immunotherapy could overcome some of the challenges of treating ovarian cancer by leveraging the power of endogenous (host) T cells using engineered T cells to deliver bispecific T-cell engagers, commonly referred to as BiTEs - a trademarked term for a type of fusion protein. (ecancer.org)
  • We believe that FR-B T cells have the potential to generate potent antitumour immune responses against ovarian cancer and may, in the near future, benefit patients who otherwise are not expected respond to immunotherapy," says Dr McGray. (ecancer.org)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells are directly infused and are not induced within the patient. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Passive cellular immunotherapy references A number of immunologic interventions, both passive and active, can be directed against tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In passive cellular immunotherapy, specific effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CAR T cell immunotherapy for human cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
  • My results showed promise in improving the efficacy of doxorubicin (a chemotherapy drug), inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, and hampering cancer cell migration. (brown.edu)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
  • ABSTRACT This study examined haematopoietic stem cells of 19 high-risk cases of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) for apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals and cellular proliferation and correlated these with clinical and cytogenetic subtypes, particularly trisomy 8. (who.int)
  • Single-cell sequencing is a high-throughput technique that enables detection of genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic information at the individual cell level, offering significant advantages in detecting cellular heterogeneity, precise cell classification, and identifying rare subpopulations. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regardless of the therapeutic approach, the heterogeneity of pancreatic cancer cells and the complexity of its tumor microenvironment contribute to the emergence of drug resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, conventional tools used to study cell-to-cell interactions only deliver averaged information from a population of cells and fail to provide information on the distribution of responses reflecting the heterogeneity of individual cells. (nature.com)
  • In perspective, this could be particularly relevant in the case of tumor micro-environment diversity, where comprehension of the non-genetic cell heterogeneity could pave the way to novel and more targeted therapies. (biorxiv.org)
  • Moreover, the developed experimental and theoretical apparatus can be easily generalized to different cell kinds and different cell sub-components providing a powerful tool for understanding partitioning-driven heterogeneity. (biorxiv.org)
  • Specifically, the concepts of tumour heterogeneity, oncogene addiction, non-oncogene addiction, tumour initiating cells, tumour microenvironment, non-coding sequences and DNA damage response will be reviewed. (bmj.com)
  • PDX Mouse Models: PDX models are commonly used in many clinically relevant research applications including characterization of tumor heterogeneity, in vivo therapeutic target validation studies, therapeutic mechanism of action studies, and therapeutic sensitivity and resistance studies. (sbir.gov)
  • 3D human tissue model culture systems: While immortalized cell lines have been standard practice in cancer research for decades, adequate modeling of the heterogeneity of human cancer is an unmet need. (sbir.gov)
  • The epithelial component of DDRD tumors releases chemokines that can account for lymphocytic infiltration. (almacgroup.com)
  • Overexpression of p62 is likely related to tumorigenesis and has been observed in many types of tumors ( 13 , 21 - 23 ), such as chemotherapy-resistant epithelial cell carcinoma ( 24 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • By combining these technologies with computational analysis of cell shape and velocity we obtain a full experimental characterization of epithelial dynamics during tissue growth, wound healing and cancer cell invasion. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • We focus on the interaction between epithelial cancer cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cell type in the tumour stroma. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • We also use organoids grown from primary tumors to understand how epithelial structure and function are lost with disease progression. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • CD47 binding to α2β1 integrin could regulate cyclooxygenase-2 expression and cell migration on collagen I surface in intestinal epithelial cells. (lu.se)
  • Background: The neural transcription factor SOX11 has been described as a prognostic marker in epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), however its role in individual histological subtypes and tumour grade requires further clarification. (lu.se)
  • Immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment evaluations were assessed by ImmuneScore, ImmuCellAI, and TIMER databases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Increased levels of POGLUT2 could result in the dysregulated immune cell infiltration and tumor microenvironment and showed a significant regulatory effect on the progression of breast cancer through Notch-related signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • In mouse models of TNBC proficient or deficient of breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene (BRCA1), MYC overexpression dramatically decreases lymphocyte infiltration in tumors, along with immune signature remodelling. (nki.nl)
  • Furthermore, the risk score was significantly related to tumor immune infiltration profiles and genome changes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Later, mice experiments by Halachmi and Witz showed that for the same cancer cell line, greater tumorigenicity was evident in vivo than the same strain inoculated in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been shown that this induces greater cell migration in vivo and in vitro, possibly by promoting degradation of the ECM. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, POGLUT2 knockdown of breast cancer cells was established, followed by in vitro biological function assays and in vivo tumor growth study. (frontiersin.org)
  • In vitro and in vivo results showed that POGLUT2 knockdown could delay tumor growth and progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • In contrast, ACT expands a patient's own T cells ex vivo to direct anti-tumor immunity when transfused back into the patient. (elifesciences.org)
  • The transferred, expanded natural killer cells proliferated in vivo in an interleukin-2 dose-dependent fashion, persisted up to 4 weeks, were readily detectable in the human bone, inhibited myeloma growth and protected bone from myeloma-induced osteolysis. (haematologica.org)
  • However, the cellular environment under 2D culture is very different and often a poor reflection of the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo [ 1 ]. (medsci.org)
  • Rapamycin enhanced expansion of peripheral antigen-specific CD8 T cells and IFNγ production following ex vivo antigen stimulation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In vivo antibody depletion revealed a CD8 T-cell-dependent, and not NK cell-dependent mechanism of tumor growth inhibition after treatment with rapamycin and PD-L1 mAb, ruling out significant effects from NK cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This project will delve into innate immune cell function, establishing in vitro and in vivo systems test innate immune cell function in regeneration. (lu.se)
  • Inspired from developmental processes, human mesenchymal cell lines can be programmed to form cartilage, bone and bone marrow tissues in vitro and in vivo. (lu.se)
  • This tissue is not vascularized, which prevents tumors from growing greater than 2mm in diameter without inducing new blood vessels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Angiogenesis is upregulated to feed the cancer cells, and as a result the vasculature formed differs from that of normal tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR) is the observation that the vasculature of tumors is often leaky and accumulates molecules in the blood stream to a greater extent than in normal tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, expression levels of these factors were measured at tissue and single-cell levels. (hindawi.com)
  • The structure of tumor tissue is complex. (hindawi.com)
  • Expression, gene mutation and amplification, methylation, and copy number alteration (CNA) of POGLUT2 were evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Almac sought to identify new biomarkers and drug targets by performing DNA microarray analysis of high Gleason score prostate tumour samples and normal prostate tissue samples. (almacgroup.com)
  • The resulting damage cannot be overcome by the antioxidant system to protect the cell from oxidative damage, leading to necrosis, apoptosis, or autophagy of the target cell and tissue ( 10 , 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Investigating tumor-Immune interaction in RCC post radiation and immune therapy using a novel patient derived tissue fragment model. (roswellpark.org)
  • In order to improve the tissue hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment, it is required to normalize very leaky and immature tumor vasculature. (nii.ac.jp)
  • They obtained tumor cells using fine needle aspiration and placed them in a novel engineered tissue assay designed to replicate the endothelium of a blood vessel--the barrier that cells must cross so they can spread from a primary tumor to distant sites. (medindia.net)
  • Biopsied tumor tissue from all 60 new patients was fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin so that TMEM sites in the tissue could be counted. (medindia.net)
  • Solicited models include patient-derived cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models, and 3D human tissue model culture systems established from racially/ethnically diverse patient populations. (sbir.gov)
  • To study cell and tissue dynamics we develop new technologies to measure physical forces at the cell-cell and cell-matrix interface. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Surprisingly, some cells in the tissue barely stretch, while others become 'superstretched', increasing their area more than ten times. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • H-E staining showed tumor tissue-like structures specific to each cell line. (medsci.org)
  • In the future, it may become possible to produce tumor spheroids from tissue samples of oral cancer patients, and then apply them to drug screening and to develop individualized diagnostic and treatment methods. (medsci.org)
  • Therefore, it is difficult to propose that 2D culture accurately reflects the original growth state of tumor tissue. (medsci.org)
  • However, the progenitor cells consist of T cells isolated from resected tumor tissue. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Transplantations of fetal tissue in the 1980s and 1990s provided proof-of-concept for the potential of cell replacement therapy for PD and some patients benefitted greatly from their transplants. (lu.se)
  • However, post-mortem analysis of transplanted tissue revealed accumulation of pathological Lewy bodies in a small subset of transplanted cells over time, revealing a host-to-graft disease propagation. (lu.se)
  • Low power, H and E showing a hypocellular bone marrow with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • A recent study showed that the hypoxic environment produced by PDT can induce autophagy in tumor cells ( 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is widely recognized that the accumulation of various harmful genetic alterations in normal cells may induce malignant cancer cells ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Experimental goal: To remodel the SNL to overcome cancer EV-associated immune suppression and induce immune rejection of the tumor. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • 2023) Somatic mutations can induce a noninflamed tumour microenvironment via their original gene functions, despite deriving neoantigens. (systembio.com)
  • If we just induce cell lysis, we don't see the same effect. (the-scientist.com)
  • IL-8 and LTD4 could induce CD47 expression in CRC cells. (lu.se)
  • Tumors can influence the microenvironment by releasing extracellular signals, promoting tumor angiogenesis and inducing peripheral immune tolerance, while the immune cells in the microenvironment can affect the growth and evolution of cancerous cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • PDT has been reported to be effective for treating aggressive colon cancer showing a high level of the vascular endothelial growth factor, which promotes tumor growth through angiogenesis ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • Apart from CSCs, there are a myriad of factors and interactions between various cell types and the tumor microenvironment (TME) that ultimately affect CCA progression. (springer.com)
  • Studies have focused on the genetic and epigenetic status of CAFs, since they are critical in tumor progression and differ phenotypically and functionally from normal fibroblasts. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Finally, CAFs promote cancer progression and act in cancer cell drug resistance. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Reduced expansion of CD8+Tcells and other innate immune effector cells in the cancer draining SLN is associated with progression and resistance to checkpoint inhibitors. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • However, many patients fail to respond to these therapies, and metabolic barriers imposed on T cells by the TME may contribute. (elifesciences.org)
  • While many clinical trials are investigating different modes of therapies for RCC, how these therapies impact tumor immune interactions are poorly understood. (roswellpark.org)
  • In conclusion, prostate cancer cells have resistance mechanisms to overcome cytotoxic therapies such as docetaxel and cabazitaxel. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Hence, understanding known mechanisms could be a start in coming up with novel therapies to combat resistant prostate cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • The ultimate aim is to combine AVA004 with other Affimer checkpoint modulators in bispecific cancer immunotherapies, and with novel chemotherapies as drug conjugates and combination therapies utilising proprietary tumour microenvironment targeting chemistry. (kbibiopharma.com)
  • Clinical trials of LAK cells in humans are ongoing but this approach has not gained widespread use and is generally considered less effective than other cell therapies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The data presented in this thesis may serve as valuable resources to help optimize future cell replacement therapies for patients suffering from PD. (lu.se)
  • In 1960, Klein and colleagues found that in mice, primary methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas exhibited an antitumor immune response mediated by lymph node cells to cancer cells derived from the primary tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • This immune response did not however affect the primary tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary tumor instead established a microenvironment that is functionally analogous to that of certain normal tissues, such as the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most breast cancer deaths occur because the cancer has spread, or metastasized, which means that cells in the primary tumor have invaded blood vessels and traveled via the bloodstream to form tumors elsewhere in the body. (medindia.net)
  • Anti-PD-L1 enhanced durable primary tumor control and survival when combined with mTOR (rapamycin), but not in combination with MEK inhibition (PD901) in immunogenic MOC1 tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Five coexpressed genes (CD4, CD53, EVI2B, PLEK, and SASH3) were identified as tumor purity coexpressed genes that negatively correlated with tumor purity. (hindawi.com)
  • Using GSEA analysis, we found that the antigen processing and presentation pathway were related to the five tumor coexpressed genes mentioned above. (hindawi.com)
  • Of the 31 genes, the 21 upregulated genes were primarily associated with cell paracrine and intracellular signaling, transcription regulation and cell adhesion and migration, and their transcriptional products included transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 and transcriptional factor AP-2α/γ ( 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Aberrations of AR, erythroblast transformation-specific ( ETS ) genes, Tumor protein 53 (TP53), and Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) occurred in 40%-60% of 150 mCRPC cases in a recent study. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • To assess this phenomenon, we established tumor myofibroblasts cell line and analyzed the up-regulating genes in myofibroblasts upon exposure with hypoxia and/or serum starvation. (nii.ac.jp)
  • MYC overexpression thus counters tumor growth inhibition by a Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) agonist via suppressing induction of interferon signalling. (nki.nl)
  • In the present study, the effect of MSG on cell viability and its effect on expression of APC , BECN1 , and TP53 genes in SW620 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines were studied. (scielo.br)
  • TP53 é um gene supressor de tumor que atua modificando erros de DNA e/ou induzindo apoptose de células danificadas, estando os genes APC e BECN1 envolvidos no CRC e sendo importantes no crescimento celular e metástase. (scielo.br)
  • The TME of solid cancers appears to be fundamentally different from that of the leukemias, in which clinical ACT trials with chimeric antigen receptor T cells have demonstrated efficacy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor purity-related coexpression factors in the tumor microenvironment have essential clinical, genomic, and biological significance in lung cancer. (hindawi.com)
  • These coexpression factors (SASH3 and CD53) can be used to classify tumor purity phenotypes and to predict clinical outcomes. (hindawi.com)
  • Emerging single-cell sequencing technologies will undoubtedly enhance our understanding of the complex biology of pancreatic cancer and pave the way for new directions in its clinical diagnosis and treatment. (frontiersin.org)
  • This clinical and pre-clinical data supports the use of anti-angiogenic agents in the first and second line setting in patients with innate and acquired resistance to platinum therapy, respectively. (almacgroup.com)
  • Morphogenesis is a Phase 2/3 clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel personalized cancer vaccines and tumor microenvironment modulators to overcome primary and acquired resistance to immunotherapies. (tmcnet.com)
  • We are excited to continue developing this T-cell therapy and are working to advance this strategy to a clinical trial in patients with ovarian cancer. (ecancer.org)
  • Spheroids made from oral cancer cell lines appeared to have tumor-like characteristics that may reflect their clinical significance. (medsci.org)
  • Cambridge, UK, and Geneva, Switzerland, 20 June 2019 - Avacta Group plc (AIM: AVCT), the developer of Affimer ® biotherapeutics and research reagents, and Selexis, a pioneering life sciences company and global leader in mammalian cell line generation technology, have partnered to develop the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line that will be used to manufacture Avacta's first Affimer clinical candidate for first-time-in-human clinical trials. (kbibiopharma.com)
  • Avacta's first clinical candidate will be against PD-L1, a clinically validated immune checkpoint that plays an important role in the tumour escape mechanism in cancer. (kbibiopharma.com)
  • The strategic partnership with Selexis allows Avacta to access the technology and know-how to develop high-expressing CHO cell lines as well as the extensive experience of developing a range of Fc fusion proteins for clinical manufacturing. (kbibiopharma.com)
  • These cell lines are the essential basis of clinical manufacturing of AVA004 and this partnership supports Avacta's strategy to demonstrate safety and tolerability of the Affimer platform in humans with a planned IND/CTA by the end of 2020. (kbibiopharma.com)
  • These approaches seek to combine modulation of the adaptive immune response with stimulation of the innate immune system, with the aim of improving the clinical outcome for the sizeable proportion of solid tumour patients having "cold" tumours that do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors alone. (kbibiopharma.com)
  • However, owing to the inaccuracy of clinical staging, approximately 50% of men with clinical stage T1 or T2 prostate cancer have tumor extension outside of the prostate capsule, and 5-40% have positive surgical margins. (medscape.com)
  • Today, clinical trials using stem cell-derived dopaminergic progenitors have commenced. (lu.se)
  • Next, in order to study the potential of autologous cell replacement therapy we transplanted progenitors derived from a PD patient into a pre-clinical rat model. (lu.se)
  • The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • CAFs maintain their phenotype for numerous passages during culture in vitro without exposure to cancer cells, while NFs cannot be infinitely proliferous like cancer cells ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • CRCs have marked benefits over traditional immortalized cell lines as they are generated using special in vitro conditions that permit cells to pharmacologically bypass replicative senescence without any detectable cell crisis. (sbir.gov)
  • cell migration assay in vitro (fibroblasts with or without TAGLN siRNA interference). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We tested whether natural killer cells expanded by co-culture with K562 cells transfected with 41BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-15 could kill myeloma cells with a high-risk gene expression profile in vitro and in a unique model which recapitulates human myeloma. (haematologica.org)
  • The preclinical study demonstrated that the histamine receptor H1 (HRH1) acts in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to suppress T cell activation in the tumor microenvironment. (newswise.com)
  • HRH1 was not present in cancer cells but was highly expressed in certain types of TAMs in the tumor microenvironment, known as M2-like macrophages, that contribute to immune suppression. (newswise.com)
  • In preclinical models, blocking HRH1 on macrophages - either by genetic knockout or antihistamine treatment - decreased the immune-suppressive activity of the TAMs, leading to increased T cell activation and inhibition of tumor growth. (newswise.com)
  • To understand how HRH1 in TAMs influences T cell activity, the researchers looked at additional regulatory receptors on the macrophages. (newswise.com)
  • Following verification of a stem-like signature (upregulated expression of stemness markers, resistance to chemotherapy, increased spheroid formation, and tumorigenesis capabilities despite inoculation of a small number of cells), we analyzed the interaction of these cells with macrophages via direct and indirect coculture assays. (springer.com)
  • These studies suggest that there is a bi-directional crosstalk between macrophages and CSCs that promotes stemness renewal and tumor associated macrophage polarization. (springer.com)
  • Tumour cells are able to recruit macrophages and change their behaviour. (lu.se)
  • These tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) were of the M2 phenotype (CD206+). (lu.se)
  • M2 macrophages derived from human monocyte cell line THP-1 secreted high levels of IL-8 and leukotriene D4 (LTD4), which induced colon cancer cell migration, and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) to maintain a tumoral immunosuppressive environment. (lu.se)
  • CD47 is involved in crosstalk between colon cancer cells and macrophages by interacting with its ligand signal-regulatory protein α on macrophages. (lu.se)
  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the environment around a tumor, including the surrounding blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, signaling molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM). (wikipedia.org)
  • No matter the cause, this leaves the extracellular microenvironment acidic (pH 6.5-6.9), while the cancer cells themselves are able to remain neutral (ph 7.2-7.4). (wikipedia.org)
  • This characteristic reduction in pH is caused by altered cancer cell metabolism, greater diffusion distances to vasculature, and lack of buffer in the extracellular space. (brown.edu)
  • Further, inhibitory receptors present in the TME can inhibit T cell metabolism and alter T cell signaling both directly and through release of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • We developed three methodologies for this project a) Collection of draining lymph fluid to characterize extracellular vesicles (EVs) shed by 4T1 syngeneic breast tumors growing in the mammary fat pad. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • When the membrane potential is considered, PCFT generates substantial transmembrane electrochemical-potential gradients at extracellular pH levels relevant to the tumor microenvironment. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The paper, titled "Hypoxic Induction of Exosome Uptake through Proteoglycan-Dependent Endocytosis Fuels the Lipid Droplet Phenotype in Glioma" and published at Molecular Cancer Research, shows that exosome-like extracellular vesicles (EVs) may serve anabolic functions by transforming hypoxic, patient-derived human glioblastoma cell lines into a lipid loaded phenotype. (lu.se)
  • Firstly, we could confirm that transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) secreted from breast tumor cells is a paracrine mediator of tumor-stroma interaction leading to the activation of autophagy in the stroma component fibroblasts. (nature.com)
  • Through proof of concept experiments using TGFβ1 as a model factor, we could demonstrate real time monitoring of autophagy induction in fibroblasts by single tumor cells. (nature.com)
  • In this study, MDA-MB-231 (MDA) triple-negative breast carcinoma cells were used as a tumor cell model and mouse fibroblasts expressing an autophagy marker protein called GFP-LC3, were used as a stroma model. (nature.com)
  • Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are one major type of component identified in the tumor microenvironment. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • The TME, however, can be metabolically hostile due to insufficient vascular exchange and cancer cell metabolism that leads to hypoxia, depletion of nutrients, and accumulation of waste products. (elifesciences.org)
  • This suggests that autophagy is a form of adaptation of the nutritional environment of rapidly growing tumor cells in response to hypoxia. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this treatment, we identified that CD44 is up-regulated under the hypoxia and this molecule supports stemness of cancer stem cells and induces drug resistance of cancer cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • In this study, evidence shows that EVs can fuel hypoxic glioma cells to acquire a lipid droplet (LD+) phenotype and such effect is associated with increased EV internalization through a hypoxia-sensitive mechanism dependent on heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) receptor and lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. (lu.se)
  • As a result, when tumor vasculature was focused, we found that cancer stem cells existing near myofibroblasts abundantly localizing at perivascular area show drug resistance. (nii.ac.jp)
  • In this experiment, we found that apelin normalizes tumor vasculature, resulting in improvement of drug delivery and tumor immunity. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Based on the tumor purity and lung carcinoma gene matrix, we performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the tumor purity-related module was identified. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we constructed a tumor purity coexpression network based on weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • There are several proposed mechanisms for resistance, including increased androgen receptor (AR) signaling caused by increased AR expression, gene amplification, gene transcription, and tumor growth. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • It has been known for many years that the fundamental transforming event in BL is the translocation of the MYC gene, and the events that bring about this translocation and those that allow cells to survive with the constitutive expression of MYC have been the subject of intense investigation. (bmj.com)
  • IFx-Hu2.0 administration involves a simple injection into the patient's tumor of a proprietary gene that encodes for an immunogenic bacterial protein which is expressed on the surface of the tumor cell. (tmcnet.com)
  • This study aims to construct a new prognostic gene signature in survival prediction and risk stratification for patients with Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epigenetic Alteration of the Cancer-Related Gene TGFBI in B Cells Infected with Epstein-Barr Virus and Exposed to Aflatoxin B1: Potential Role in Burkitt Lymphoma Development. (who.int)
  • This was followed by molecular profiling of the retrieved individual cells, allowing the assessment of the correlation between phenotype distribution of intercellular interactions and their genetic bases. (nature.com)
  • 2023) Tailoring vascular phenotype through AAV therapy promotes anti-tumor immunity in glioma. (systembio.com)
  • 17 - 22 The cell surface phenotype of BL tumour cells reflects a GC origin but the site of tumour growth is frequently the jaw or ovary, neither of which normally contain GCs. (bmj.com)
  • α -TOS is highly selective for malignant cells, inducing them into apoptotic death largely via the mitochondrial route. (nature.com)
  • In terms of malignant transformation in cancer cells, interaction of cancer stem cells with endothelial cells or myofibroblasts as tumor microenvironmental cells was analyzed. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell disorder with debilitating symptoms related to anemia, immunosuppression, bone destruction, and renal failure. (haematologica.org)
  • With NADT prior to RP, the intent is to eradicate malignant androgen-dependent cells, in the hope that sufficient tumor regression will permit complete resection of residual prostate cancer, improving pathologic outcome and survival. (medscape.com)
  • My research focuses on characterizing the changes occurring in RCC patient tumors in response to radiation and immune therapy. (roswellpark.org)
  • We could validate these findings by immunofluorescence analyses in patient tumors and by increased expression in the hypoxic core of GBM spheroids. (lu.se)
  • As T cell metabolism dictates effector function, it is now apparent that the effect of cancer cell metabolism on the tumor microenvironment (TME) may impair anti-tumor immunity, and these new hallmarks of cancer are therefore inextricably linked. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, our microfluidic platform might be used as a promising tool for quantitative investigation of tumor-stroma interactions, especially for and high-throughput screening of paracrine factors that are secreted from heterogeneous tumor cell populations. (nature.com)
  • We noted direct coculturing increased stemness among CSC populations and induced both M1 (CD80 and HLA-DR) and M2 (CD163) tumor associated macrophage polarization. (springer.com)
  • SLN immune cell populations could be massively remodeled by introducing hydrogel nanoparticles that affinity release chemoattractants locally in the subcapsular sinus. (selectbiosciences.com)
  • Asymmetric inheritance of organelle and cellular compounds between daughter cells impacts on the phenotypic variability and was found to be a hallmark for differentiation and rejuvenation in stem-like cells as much as a mechanism for enhancing resistance in bacteria populations. (biorxiv.org)
  • Therefore, our findings show that asymmetric segregation mechanisms can also arise in cancer cell populations, and that, in this case, membrane lipids and mitochondria do not respectively segregate independently from the cytoplasm. (biorxiv.org)
  • Previous research has shown that patients with ovarian cancer survive longer when their tumours have a robust accumulation of T cells. (ecancer.org)
  • The Roswell Park investigators built their strategy around FR⍺, a tumour antigen (or target) commonly found on ovarian cancer cells. (ecancer.org)
  • The investigators studied the antitumor effectiveness of FR-B T cells using tumour samples from ovarian cancer patients, FR⍺+ cancer cell lines, and preclinical tumour models. (ecancer.org)
  • Efficiently destroyed FR⍺+ cell lines, targeted FR⍺+ ovarian cancer patient tumour cells, and rallied bystander T cells in the ovarian cancer tumour microenvironment by secreting T-cell engagers. (ecancer.org)
  • We found that sulforaphane treatment decreased tumor volume, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) expansion, the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1ß, and the level of IL-10 in serum. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, methylation-dependent silencing of SOX11 has been reported for B cell lymphomas and indicates that epigenetic drugs may be used to re-express this tumour suppressor, but information on SOX11 promoter methylation in EOC is still lacking. (lu.se)
  • One of our main lines of research is to study how tumours exploit the functions of non-cancer cells in their microenvironment to invade and metastasize. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • T cells must substantially increase nutrient uptake to mount a proper immune response and failure to obtain sufficient nutrients or engage the appropriate metabolic pathways can alter or prevent effector T cell differentiation and function. (elifesciences.org)
  • This review will discuss the metabolic adaptations necessary for T cells to meet changing biochemical needs throughout different stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
  • 2023) CHRM4/AKT/MYCN upregulates interferon alpha-17 in the tumor microenvironment to promote neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer. (systembio.com)
  • However, the tumour cells have undergone hypermutation, 21 23 a feature of the GC reaction during B-cell activation and differentiation. (bmj.com)
  • First, we utilized single cell sequencing to dissect the differentiation of stem cells to midbrain dopaminergic neurons. (lu.se)
  • Using The Cancer Genome Atlas and other publicly available patient cancer data, the team also discovered that high expression of HRH1 in tumors was correlated with markers of T cell dysfunction, poor responses to checkpoint inhibitors and poorer survival outcomes. (newswise.com)
  • Measuring dendritic cell activation as a proxy for the anti-tumor immune response, they observed an 83 percent survival rate compared with just 25 percent in mice treated with radiotherapy and injected with saline. (the-scientist.com)
  • Autophagy contributes to the prolonged survival of tumor cells, whereas defects in autophagy play a critical role in tumorigenesis ( 15 , 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previous studies have juxtaposed and analyzed immune cell compartments between different CCA categorizations such as short or long-term overall survival (OS) [ 16 ]. (springer.com)
  • We show that treatment of the mice with a combination of anti-CTLA-4 + anti-PD1 mAbs results in partial clearance of the tumor with an improvement in survival. (unav.edu)
  • 1 Significant advances have been made by combining novel agents with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation which allows for long-term disease-free survival in the majority of transplant-eligible patients. (haematologica.org)
  • Updated Overall Survival and Exploratory Analysis From Randomized, Phase II EVAN Study of Erlotinib Versus Vinorelbine Plus Cisplatin Adjuvant Therapy in Stage IIIA Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor+ Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Survival benefits from afatinib compared with gefitinib and erlotinib among patients with common EGFR mutation in first-line setting. (cdc.gov)
  • A network meta-analysis of real-world survival outcomes of East Asian patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with first-line EGFR-TKIs. (cdc.gov)
  • Adjuvant transarterial thromboembolization (TACE) has shown to increase overall survival in patient with microvascular invasion-HCC with tumor size ≥ 5 cm or multinodular tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Upon mRNA intratumoral injections in the transplantable mouse cancer models CT26, MC38, and B16OVA, potent therapeutic effects were observed following repeated injections into the tumors. (unav.edu)
  • This research sheds light into the mechanistics of glioma adaptation in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and motivates further studies aimed at establishing therapeutic strategies targeted at the endocytic machinery that should be combined with available inhibitors of lipid biosynthesis. (lu.se)
  • CD47, as a key regulator of crosstalk between colon cancer cells and TAMs, could thus be a therapeutic target for CRC. (lu.se)
  • Direct neuronal reprogramming of a somatic cell into therapeutic neurons, without a transient pluripotent state, provides new promise for the large number of individuals afflicted by neurodegenerative diseases or brain injury. (lu.se)
  • His lab's previous research has shown that the RIPK3 enzyme can drive cells to generate inflammatory chemokines and cytokines during cell death, which can stimulate T killer cells. (the-scientist.com)
  • For instance, when the researchers treated the necroptotic cells to curtail the production of those cytokines, and then injected them into tumors, they didn't see the slowdown in growth they had observed in earlier experiments. (the-scientist.com)
  • Subsequently, immune cells and cytokines in the tumor microenvironment (TME) were quantified. (bvsalud.org)
  • In recent years, much has been learned of the characteristics of immune responses to skin sensitizing chemicals and of the roles played by dendritic cells, cytokines and chemokines. (cdc.gov)
  • Recognizing the bacterial protein as being foreign, the patient's immune system is activated "ingesting" the tumor cell and educating the immune system to all of the patient's tumor's neoantigens resulting in the production of tumor specific antibodies and cytotoxic T cells. (tmcnet.com)
  • T-cell engagers are bispecific antibodies that recruit cytotoxic T cells to kill tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These nontumor cells dilute the tumor purity in lung cancer tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • We measured tumor purity in 486 lung carcinoma tissues from TCGA-LUAD FPKM by using the "estimate" R package. (hindawi.com)
  • Great hope has been given to micronutrients as anticancer agents, since they present natural compounds with beneficial effects for normal cells and tissues. (nature.com)
  • Increased levels of POGLUT2 were found in multiple types of cancer tissues and cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, to the best of our knowledge, single-cell-based techniques have been rarely used for studying the interactions of tumor cells with tissues surrounding them, i.e., the stroma. (nature.com)
  • Traditionally, CSCs are identified through a combination of surface markers, however, there is a lack of consensus among the scientific community, especially as these combinations appear to be specific to the corresponding tissues and tumors. (springer.com)
  • We develop new technologies to map and perturb the main physical properties that determine how cells and tissues grow, move, invade and remodel. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • The role of autophagy in cancer microenvironment is still poorly understood. (nature.com)
  • Whether the same processes take place in the context of cancer cell lines is still poorly investigated. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, whether the efficacy of PDT depends on the expression level of p62 in colorectal cancer cell lines is not known. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 2022) Enhanced safety and efficacy of protease-regulated CAR-T cell receptors. (systembio.com)
  • Combining tumor-specific adoptive T cell therapy to the aCTLA-4/aPD1/rIL2 or aCTLA-4/aPD1/aCD137 reg-imens enhances efficacy in a synergistic manner. (unav.edu)
  • In addition, they find that making tumor cells produce a necroptosis-inducing enzyme is enough to kickstart the tumor-stunting process-a strategy the authors think could boost the efficacy of existing immunotherapies. (the-scientist.com)
  • 75,76 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits apoptosis by activating NF-κB and its downstream pathway, including IL6 and IL8, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, whereas it promotes apoptosis in androgen-dependent cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Acute solvent exposure induced activation of cytochrome P4502E1 causes proximal tubular cell necrosis by oxidative stress. (cdc.gov)
  • 26 27 In contrast, the chromosomal breakpoint in sBL and HIV-associated BL occurs most commonly in the class switch region, 28 but since both somatic hypermutation and class switching are events that are normally confined to GC B cells and GC centroblast markers are expressed on BL cells, the BL progenitor cells most likely arise from B cells subjected to chromosomal rearrangements in the GC. (bmj.com)
  • This process relies on the formation of a blastema, a pool of progenitor cells that is formed in response to amputation. (lu.se)
  • The first part of the thesis (Paper I, II, III) shows the development and improvement of a hESC-based system of for virus-mediated direct reprogramming of human glial progenitor cells into both induced dopaminergic neurons (iDANs) and GABAergic interneurons. (lu.se)
  • PDT is considered as a complementary therapy aimed at preventing tumor recurrence after surgical resection of colorectal cancer ( 3 ), making it a suitable approach for continuous removal of small fractions of tumors ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Conversely, cancer cells appear to be a major source of increased histamine levels in patient samples and cancer cell lines. (newswise.com)
  • conversely, TP53 showed a significant decrease in expression in SW620 cells. (scielo.br)
  • 2022) STING agonist delivery by tumour-penetrating PEG-lipid nanodiscs primes robust anticancer immunity. (systembio.com)
  • Together, our data reveal that MYC suppresses innate immunity and facilitates tumor immune escape, explaining the poor immunogenicity of MYC-overexpressing TNBCs. (nki.nl)
  • Inherited resistance is noted in prostate cancer cells that do not express BCL2, indicating that taxanes' mechanism of action relies at least partly on BCL2 inhibition. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • 2022) SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: Development of novel cell lines for high throughput screening to detect estrogen-related receptor alpha modulators. (systembio.com)
  • Blocking HRH1 activity reduced the membrane localization of VISTA, an inhibitory receptor known to suppress T cell activation. (newswise.com)
  • Additionally, the company is developing bi-functional antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) designed to modify the tumor microenvironment by targeting a recently characterized delta receptor on MDSCs. (tmcnet.com)
  • Design and Methods OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors were grown in human fetal bone implanted into non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency mice with a deficient interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain. (haematologica.org)
  • Expanded natural killer cells killed both allogeneic and autologous primary myeloma cells avidly via a perforin-mediated mechanism in which the activating receptor NKG2D, natural cytotoxicity receptors, and DNAX-accessory molecule-1 played a central role. (haematologica.org)
  • A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Another mechanism is up-regulation of pathways that inhibits cell apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Since BCL2, a protein that indirectly inhibits cell apoptosis, is required for certain chemotherapies to work, the absence of BCL2 obscures their uses in prostate cancer. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • E very day, billions of our cells die quietly and in an orderly fashion by activating a cell suicide program known as apoptosis. (the-scientist.com)
  • Importantly, these animals survived significantly longer than mice that had received injections of cancer cells that had apoptosis-inducing enzymes activated instead. (the-scientist.com)
  • Triggering necroptosis is considered an attractive strategy over inducing apoptosis because many tumors develop ways to block or evade apoptosis, he writes. (the-scientist.com)
  • Organic solvent-induced proximal tubular cell apoptosis via caspase-9 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • However, adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) with TILs has not had the dramatic success of ACT with virus-specific CD8+ T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two of the primary immunotherapies are immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell transfer (ACT). (elifesciences.org)
  • Their approach involves a twist on conventional adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT), in which the patient's own T cells are removed from the body and in some cases modified or engineered to recognise cancer cells. (ecancer.org)
  • Adoptive transfer of expanded natural killer cells inhibited the growth of established OPM2 and high-risk primary myeloma tumors grown in the murine model. (haematologica.org)
  • This observation resulted in the development of 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) to detect glucose uptake and lactate production for tumor imaging. (hindawi.com)
  • For instance, changing the temperature in a bioreactor or bioprinter by several degrees can affect cell division (affecting contamination probability), protein folding (affecting enzyme functionality), feedstock uptake (affecting time to product), dissolved oxygen content (affecting cell growth), and, ultimately, the products created by cells (affecting margins), among other variables. (advfn.com)
  • In cancer biology, the stroma is defined as the nonmalignant cells which are present in the tumor microenvironment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retrieval of individual tumor cells from the microfluidic system and their subsequent genomic analysis was possible, allowing us to determine the nature of the factor mediating tumor-stroma interactions. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we designed a biochip system that allows the time-course measurement of cancer cell-stroma interactions at a single-cell level. (nature.com)
  • The hallmarks of cancer can show the basic characteristics of tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They discovered both proteins were elevated in the tumor microenvironment, but they did not appear to come from the same source. (newswise.com)
  • Autophagy is a cellular homeostatic mechanism where proteins and organelles are digested and recycled to provide an alternative source of building blocks and energy to cells. (nature.com)
  • Targeting Chemoresistant Tumors: Could TRIM Proteins-p53 Axis Be a Possible Answer? (mdpi.com)
  • Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast to TCR T cells, CAR T cells recognize only relatively large proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Mechanisms of skin sensitization and allergic epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), although other cuta- contact dermatitis neous (dermal) dendritic cells (DC) may also contrib- ute. (cdc.gov)
  • This will be coupled with next generation sequencing based approaches to understanding the consequences of perturbing immune cell function. (lu.se)
  • Therefore CAR T cells and TCR T cells may represent complementary approaches to cancer therapy. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The presence of activated T cells overcomes resistance to checkpoint inhibitors allowing checkpoint released activated T cells to seek out and destroy the tumor. (tmcnet.com)
  • The mechanism by which α -TOS kills cancer cells is not completely understood. (nature.com)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that involves photosensitizing agents and light to kill cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The present study aimed to examine the role of p62 expression levels in chlorin e6‑based PDT in colorectal cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • To treat patients with colorectal cancer, an approach that selectively targets cancer cells without damaging normal cells and which minimizes the risk of perforating the intestinal barrier is needed ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PDT uses a modality-based photosensitizer, which selectively affects cancer cells, using excitation and light-absorption in the presence of oxygen to produce a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen and other free radicals ( 7 - 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Here, we employ a fluorescent reporter system to track and isolate stem-like cancer cells of cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. (springer.com)
  • A fourth mechanism suggests that cytotoxic drugs are removed from the source using efflux pumps, and the last mechanism is microtubule alterations that affect cytotoxic drug attachment to cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Journal Article] DNA damage enhanced by the attenuation of SLD5 delays cell cycle restoration in normal cells but not in cancer cells. (nii.ac.jp)
  • For the subset of more recent patients, the researchers assessed tumor cell behavior--in particular, cancer cells' ability to cross the endothelium (inner layer) of blood vessels. (medindia.net)
  • Breast cancer cells able to cross the endothelial layer in this assay were found to have higher MenaINV levels compared with the total population of patients' aspirated cells. (medindia.net)
  • However, many of those T cells appear to be "bystanders" - T cells that don't recognise cancer cells or contribute to the antitumor immune response. (ecancer.org)
  • Using a technique called retroviral transduction, they created FR-B T cells, which secrete BiTEs that instruct T cells to home in on FR⍺-positive (FR⍺+) cancer cells. (ecancer.org)
  • Breast cancer cells attached to a surface rich in collagen. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • In recent years, biologists have begun to investigate whether activating necroptosis in cancer cells could similarly coax the immune system into attacking tumors. (the-scientist.com)
  • To investigate the effects of necroptotic cells on tumors, doctoral student Annelise Snyder at the University of Washington along with her colleagues engineered cancer cells in which the RIPK3 protein-an enzyme that triggers the necroptotic pathway-was activated. (the-scientist.com)
  • That necroptotic cancer cells produce an immune response was already known-as his lab and others have shown -but the mechanisms involved were largely unexplored, he says. (the-scientist.com)
  • Furthermore, it is presumed that most of the characteristics inherent in cancer cells are lost. (medsci.org)
  • The enhanced levels of MMP-7 and -9 mRNA expressions and increased cell invasion into matrigel were observed in colon cancer cells upon stimulation with TAM-conditioned medium. (lu.se)
  • Animal studies have shown that LAK cells are more effective against cancer cells than are the original endogenous T cells, presumably because of their greater number. (msdmanuals.com)
  • More CD8 T cells infiltrated and were activated after PD-L1 mAb treatment in mice with immunogenic MOC1 tumors, which were stable or increased by the addition of rapamycin, but suppressed when PD901 was added. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We found that these factors were significantly negatively correlated with tumor purity and positively correlated with the immune score in the immunophenotyping analysis. (hindawi.com)