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seemed to have a stronger cellulose degradation ability than those of the other four strains, while the three main components cellulase endo-β-glucanase, exo-β-glucanase and β-glucosidase in TomoRZH26 showed significantly higher enzymatic activity than in the other strains. (academicjournals.org)
In general, in this study, we preliminarily revealed several endophytic bacteria of Tomoceridae springtails and found that they had potentially strong cellulose degradation activity, which may be one of the important reasons behind springtail adaptation to this kind of soil ecological environment. (academicjournals.org)
Wackett, LP 2019, ' Microbial Cellulose Degradation: An annotated selection of World Wide Web sites relevant to the topics in environmental microbiology ', Environmental microbiology , vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 3183-3184. (umn.edu)
This occurred in the temperature region between 250 and 350°C associated with cellulose degradation and contrasted with the three peaks detected in the original biomass. (intechopen.com)
In vivo isotopic labeling of symbiotic bacteria involved in cellulose degradation and nitrogen recycling within the gut of the forest cockchafer (Melolontha hippocastani). (mpg.de)
Because ''C. thermocellum'' is known as a degrader of cellulose, its DNA contains specific nucleotide sequences that make up the genes that encode for the system of enzymes that are necessary for cellulose degradation. (kenyon.edu)
The degradation of cellulose, the major component of Sphagnum-derived litter, was monitored in long-term incubation experiments with acidic (pH 4.0) peat extracts. (mpg.de)
Members of the phylum Firmicutes, known to be key players in cellulose degradation in neutral habitats, were not detected in the cellulolytic community enriched at low pH. (mpg.de)
The current study addressed the toxic effect of Bentazon and MCPA on aerobic and anaerobic Bacteria that are involved in cellulose and cellobiose degradation in an agricultural soil. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Microbial processes (e.g. fermentations, ferric iron reduction) that were linked to anaerobic cellulose, and cellobiose degradation were reduced in the presence of both herbicides at concentrations above and at those that occur in crop field soil. (uni-bayreuth.de)

Cellulose produced by bacteria and algae is enriched in Iα while cellulose of higher plants consists mainly of Iβ. (wikipedia.org)
springtail, endophytic bacteria, cellulose. (academicjournals.org)
Here, we report the discovery of a gene cluster, which we named ccsABZCD , among selected bacteria within class Clostridia that appears to encode a synthase complex responsible for polymerization, modification, and export of an O-acetylated cellulose exopolysaccharide. (biorxiv.org)
Bacteria belonging to class Clostridia have been anecdotally reported to form biofilms made of cellulose, although the molecular mechanisms governing their production has not before been described. (biorxiv.org)
In this work, we identify a gene cluster, which we name ccsABZHI , for the C lostridial c ellulose s ynthase, which bears remarkable similarity to molecular machinery required for the production of cellulose biofilms in other Gram-negative bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
Our work represents an entry point towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing cellulose biofilm formation in Gram-positive bacteria. (biorxiv.org)
SOIL Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties.It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about on Earth's oceans. (jakesonline.org)
Produced by plants, algae and some bacteria, cellulose is an abundant molecule involved in the production of hundreds of products, from paper to fabrics to renewable building materials. (stanford.edu)
Now, Stanford scientists have found a new type of cellulose in bacteria with properties that could make it an improvement over traditional cellulose for fuels and other materials, or for better understanding and treating bacterial infections. (stanford.edu)
That fact made it all the more surprising when the scientists found the new cellulose, and from one of the best studied bacteria - E. coli . (stanford.edu)
Cegelski is now trying to find plant biologists to help introduce genes for making the modified cellulose from bacteria into plants. (stanford.edu)
For example, bacteria from the Ktedonobacteria phylum and the candidate division OP10 use the cellulose fibres from dead and decaying plant matter for growth. (hotpools.co.nz)
The most interesting and special external cellular feature for this bacteria however stems from its unique and trademark ability to degrade insoluble cellulose. (kenyon.edu)
Cellulose breakdown was only partially inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide, suggesting that bacteria participated in this process. (mpg.de)
Increasing temperature and nitrogen availability resulted in a selective development of bacteria phylogenetically related to Cytophaga hutchinsonii (94-95% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), which densely colonized microfibrils of cellulose. (mpg.de)
16S rRNA gene transcript numbers of total Bacteria, and selected bacterial taxa (Clostridia [Group I], Planctomycetaceae, and two uncultivated taxa of Bacteroidetes) decreased more pronounced in anoxic than in oxic cellulose-supplemented soil microcosms in presence of both herbicides. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Collectively, the results suggested that the metabolism of anaerobic cellulose-degrading Bacteria were impaired by in situ-typical herbicide concentrations, whereas in situ concentrations did not impair metabolism of aerobic cellulose- and cellobiose-degrading soil Bacteria. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Bacteria in the genus Gluconacetobacter secrete crystalline cellulose, with a structure very similar to that found in plant cell walls. (bvsalud.org)
We used cryo-electron tomography and focused-ion-beam milling of native bacterial biofilms to image cellulose-synthesizing Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Gluconacetobacter xylinus bacteria in a frozen-hydrated, near-native state. (bvsalud.org)

Most major advances in microbiology have occurred within the past 150 years, and several important subdisciplines of microbiology have developed during this time, including microbial ecology, molecular biology, immunology, industrial microbiology, and biotechnology. (researchgate.net)
Bacterial cellulose (BC) represents a renewable biomaterial with unique properties promising for biotechnology and biomedicine. (bvsalud.org)

Haemoglobin electrophoresis was performed on cellulose acetate membrane, followed by staining and densitometric scanning of bands. (who.int)

Compared to starch, cellulose is also much more crystalline. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas starch undergoes a crystalline to amorphous transition when heated beyond 60-70 °C in water (as in cooking), cellulose requires a temperature of 320 °C and pressure of 25 MPa to become amorphous in water. (wikipedia.org)
Crystalline cellulose was not digested by the enzyme, which suggests a typical endocellulase activity. (megazyme.com)
FT-IR and X-ray analyses were employed to determine the relative ratio of cellulose I(α) and I(β) crystalline phases present in each developmental stage of coniferous tracheid cell wall formation. (elsevierpure.com)
The IR spectra showed that initially the I(α) phase occupies 50% of the crystalline regions in the primary cell wall cellulose and this value drops to 20% after ceasing of the cell enlarging growth for the formation of the secondary wall cellulose (the remaining regions are composed of the I(β) phase). (elsevierpure.com)
Although it is reasonable that the content for I(β), which is stress-reduced crystalline form, was higher in the secondary wall formation (Kataoka Y, and Kondo T. Macromolecules 1996;29:6356-6358) it is more interesting that during the crystallization of stress-induced I(α) cellulose for the primary wall the stress-reduced I(β) is also possible to be crystallized in an alternative way. (elsevierpure.com)
Kataoka, Y & Kondo, T 1999, ' Quantitative analysis for the cellulose Iα crystalline phase in developing wood cell walls ', International Journal of Biological Macromolecules , vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 37-41. (elsevierpure.com)
This represents a step forward in the understanding of the cell-guided process of crystalline cellulose synthesis, studied specifically in the Gluconacetobacter genus and still not fully understood. (bvsalud.org)

The high tensile strength of plant stems and of the tree wood also arises from the arrangement of cellulose fibers intimately distributed into the lignin matrix. (wikipedia.org)
The mechanical role of cellulose fibers in the wood matrix responsible for its strong structural resistance, can somewhat be compared to that of the reinforcement bars in concrete, lignin playing here the role of the hardened cement paste acting as the "glue" in between the cellulose fibers. (wikipedia.org)
The lignocellulosic biomass consists of mainly cellulose carbohydrate polymer, hemicellulose, and the aromatic component, lignin [ 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
Pérez, J., Muñoz-Dorado de la Rubia, T. and Martínez, J. (2002) Biodegradation and biological treatments of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin: An overview. (scirp.org)

Our results also reveal a novel cytoskeletal structure, which we have named the cortical belt, adjacent to the inner membrane and underlying the sites where cellulose is seen emerging from the cell. (bvsalud.org)
Une électrophorèse de l'hémoglobine a été réalisée sur une membrane d'acétate de cellulose, suivie par une coloration puis une analyse densitométrique des bandes. (who.int)
Cellulose membrane disks (13 mm, N=12) were used for biofilm formation (24 h) of S. mutans and L. casei , which were treated (1 min) with 0.4% RPE or 0.12% Chlorhexidine (CHX). (bvsalud.org)

The efficient and high yielding acid-base and Organosolv methods were studied for cellulose isolation from date palm lignocellulose waste biomass and thereafter analyzed for nonisothermal kinetic and thermodynamic parameter determination using model-free methods. (intechopen.com)
Biomass by virtue of its nature is comprised of various recalcitrant polymers and cellulose is one of them, which can be used for the generation of various platform chemicals. (intechopen.com)
The bacterium had its genome completely sequenced because it contains a unique extracellular enzyme system capable of breaking down insoluble cellulose into ethanol which is vital for biomass energy. (kenyon.edu)

Clostridia have been reported to form biofilms composed of cellulose, although the specific loci which encode the cellulose synthase have not been identified. (biorxiv.org)
Cellulose is a widespread component of bacterial biofilms, where its properties of exceptional water retention, high tensile strength, and stiffness prevent dehydration and mechanical disruption of the biofilm. (bvsalud.org)

This confers tensile strength in cell walls where cellulose microfibrils are meshed into a polysaccharide matrix. (wikipedia.org)

Conversion of cellulose from energy crops into biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol is under development as a renewable fuel source. (wikipedia.org)
The conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II is irreversible, suggesting that cellulose I is metastable and cellulose II is stable. (wikipedia.org)

Proteomic characterization suggested that BcsAB1 was the decisive CS because of its high expression and its exclusive contribution to the formation of microcrystalline cellulose. (bvsalud.org)
KEY POINTS: â ¢ BcsAB1 induces formation of microcrystalline cellulose fibers. (bvsalud.org)

The data we present here serves as an entry point to an understanding of biofilm formation among class Clostridia and allowed us to predict a model for Clostridial cellulose synthesis. (biorxiv.org)
2012. Role of Rhizobium endoglucanase CelC2 in cellulose biosynthesis and biofilm formation on plant roots and abiotic surfaces. (bashanfoundation.org)

cotton and other plant fibers as well as bacterial cellulose have chain lengths ranging from 800 to 10,000 units. (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial cellulose (BC), a very peculiar form of cellulose, is gaining considerable importance due to its unique properties. (ua.pt)
Do bacterial cellulose membranes have potential in drug-delivery systems? (ua.pt)

Its genome encodes three distinct cellulose synthases (CS), bcsAB1, bcsAB2, and bcsAB3, which together with genes for accessory proteins are organized in operons of different complexity. (bvsalud.org)

In the process they discovered that this new form had properties that they think could make it an improvement over other sources of cellulose - like switchgrass, miscanthus or poplar - for producing ethanol for fuels. (stanford.edu)
It turns out that the modified cellulose doesn't form crystals and is relatively soluble in water, which the researchers think could make it easier and significantly less expensive to convert into glucose - the starting material for producing ethanol. (stanford.edu)
Ethanol produced from cellulose is preferable because it makes use of the entire plant rather than just the kernels, doesn't compete with a food source and could be grown in many areas. (stanford.edu)

We have come a long way in developing our understanding of soil microbiology, ecology, and biochemistry, but have many milestones yet to meet.Molecular tools offer unparalleled opportunities to characterize soil biota in culture and directly from field soils. (jakesonline.org)

Asgher, M., Ahmad, Z. and Iqbal, H.M.N. (2013) Alkali and enzymatic delignification of sugarcane bagasse to expose cellulose polymers for saccharification and bioethanol production. (scirp.org)
Cellulose is one of the most well studied polymers in nature," said Lynette Cegelski , an assistant professor of chemistry and senior author on the paper. (stanford.edu)

Soil Microbiology deals with study of soil microorganisms and their functions involved in the changing properties of soil such as fertility and nutrient availability such as humus formation, N-fixation, soil stability and decomposition. (jakesonline.org)
department of applied, Microorganisms and Microbiology - Chapter 1. (jakesonline.org)
microorganisms and microbiology. (jakesonline.org)
These microorganisms may be useful in the manufacture of biofuels from cellulose material, such as waste timber from forestry.Other microbial species found at Waikite may be useful for remediating toxic waste. (hotpools.co.nz)
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms-biological entities too small to be seen with the unaided eye. (researchgate.net)

SOIL MICROBIOLOGY: MICROBIAL GROUPS IN SOIL The field of soil microbiology was explored during the very last part of 19th century. (jakesonline.org)
Specifically, we will quantify this soil microbial community's ability to use a variety of carbon sources for its anabolic needs and find out what proportion of the microbes in the community can process phosphates into a soluble form and/or degrade cellulose and starch into simpler raw materials? (openwetware.org)

We will assess, specifically, at the community level, how well your soil microbes interact co-operatively to use a variety of carbon sources, and to process or digest phosphates, cellulose, and starch. (openwetware.org)

This is in contrast to the Gram-negative cellulose synthase, which instead encodes BcsZ, a structurally distinct GH-8. (biorxiv.org)
We therefore propose that the cortical belt holds the cellulose synthase complexes in a line to form higher-order cellulose structures, such as sheets and ribbons.IMPORTANCE This work's relevance for the microbiology community is twofold. (bvsalud.org)

High purity dyed, soluble Azo-CM-Cellulose for the measurement of enzyme activity, for research, biochemical enzyme assays and in vitro diagnostic analysis. (megazyme.com)
Results: The GH5_5 catalytic domain from Orciraptor showed pronounced activity on soluble cellulose derivatives and mixed-linkage glucans, with reaction optima comparable to known GH5_5 representatives. (megazyme.com)

The discovery of a new type of cellulose - the world's most abundant biomolecule - offers opportunities for multiple advances from renewable fuel to antibiotics. (stanford.edu)

Environmental microbiology , 21 (8), 3183-3184. (umn.edu)
If further research supports the researchers' initial findings, this new source could have all the environmental benefits of traditional cellulose, but at a lower cost. (stanford.edu)
Environmental Microbiology, 10(8), 2030-2041. (hotpools.co.nz)
Environmental Microbiology, 13 (7), 1800-1814. (mpg.de)

Airborne spore counts, made directly from cellulose ester filters cleared with acetone, ranged from 106 to 109 spores/m3. (cdc.gov)

The Malek method revealed the acid-base and Organoslv cellulose pyrolysis mechanism as (gα=−ln1−α14) and (gα=−ln1−α13), characterized by random nucleation and growth, respectively. (intechopen.com)
Characterization of deletion mutants lacking the DGC genes dgcA and dgcB suggests a new regulatory mechanism of cellulose synthesis and cell motility in K. hansenii ATCC 53,582. (bvsalud.org)

In light of our previously reported hypothesis (Kataoka Y. and Kondo T. Macromolecules 1998;31:760-764) for the formation of I(α) phase due to cellular growing stresses in the primary wall cellulose, such an alternating on-off stress effect to account for the occurrence of both I(α) and I(β) phases might be related to a biological growth system in coniferous wood cells. (elsevierpure.com)

In human nutrition, cellulose is a non-digestible constituent of insoluble dietary fiber, acting as a hydrophilic bulking agent for feces and potentially aiding in defecation. (wikipedia.org)
Cellulose has no taste, is odorless, is hydrophilic with the contact angle of 20-30 degrees, is insoluble in water and most organic solvents, is chiral and is biodegradable. (wikipedia.org)

At first, enzymes secreted by the mycelium break down the plant cell walls - mainly cellulose, lignocellulose and pectin - into different types of sugars. (nature.com)

Cellulose in regenerated cellulose fibers is cellulose II. (wikipedia.org)
â ¢ Modifications by BcsAB2 and BcsAB3 alter diameter of cellulose fibers. (bvsalud.org)

Many properties of cellulose depend on its chain length or degree of polymerization, the number of glucose units that make up one polymer molecule. (wikipedia.org)

Some animals, particularly ruminants and termites, can digest cellulose with the help of symbiotic micro-organisms that live in their guts, such as Trichonympha. (wikipedia.org)

in the process of cellulose ribbon synthesis, in their native biofilm environment. (bvsalud.org)
It puts forward a noncharacterized cytoskeleton element associated with the side of the cell where the cellulose synthesis occurs. (bvsalud.org)

We further biochemically characterize one of these enzymes, CcsZ, a predicted endoglucanase which we predicted from our model should cleave cellulose exopolysaccharides. (biorxiv.org)

a) to immobilize a commercial S. cerevisiae strain and another from ecological origin in suitable supports (oak chips and cellulose powder) for use in the second fermentation of the sparkling wine, b) to study the effect of yeast and support on the riddling process and on the volatile composition. (infowine.com)

Natural cellulose is cellulose I, with structures Iα and Iβ. (wikipedia.org)
With various chemical treatments it is possible to produce the structures cellulose III and cellulose IV. (wikipedia.org)
The structural and chemical characterization of the isolated celluloses revealed structures and functional groups characteristics of cellulose. (intechopen.com)

Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. (wikipedia.org)
Cellulose was used to produce the first successful thermoplastic polymer, celluloid, by Hyatt Manufacturing Company in 1870. (wikipedia.org)
Hermann Staudinger determined the polymer structure of cellulose in 1920. (wikipedia.org)
Cellulose is a straight chain polymer. (wikipedia.org)

Microbiology is the branch of biology which deals with the study of micro organisms. (wikibooks.org)
Like other cells, micro organisms as a general rule obey the central dogma of microbiology and thus have DNA that code for the proteins that allow them to function. (wikibooks.org)
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, i.e. those we cannot readily observe with our naked eyes. (wikibooks.org)
Because of its ability to break down cellulose, it is highly likely that ''C. thermocellum'' can be isolated from many plant organisms. (kenyon.edu)

Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. (wikipedia.org)

In the process they discovered the enzymes that modify the cellulose after it is produced. (stanford.edu)

Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula (C 6H 10O 5) n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. (wikipedia.org)
Cellulose is derived from D-glucose units, which condense through β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
But traditional sources of cellulose are expensive to convert into glucose. (stanford.edu)

The procedure for the assay of endo -Cellulase using Azo-CM-Cellulose (Liquid) is equivalent to this. (megazyme.com)

Purchase Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry - 4th Edition. (jakesonline.org)

These were prepared by chemically modifying amylose or cellulose before dyeing, to increase solubility. (megazyme.com)

The modified cellulose nurtures and surrounds bacterial colonies making up some infections. (stanford.edu)

It was within that extracellular latticework that the team originally noticed a modified form of cellulose. (stanford.edu)
We confirm previous results suggesting that cellulose crystallization occurs serially following its secretion along one side of the cell, leading to a cellulose ribbon that can reach several micrometers in length and combine with ribbons from other cells to form a robust biofilm matrix. (bvsalud.org)

Anatomy12

Organisms29

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Chemicals and Drugs41

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Disciplines and Occupations12

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

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