• The objective of this study was to isolate Aeromonas from patients with acute diarrhea and, by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), compare the molecular fingerprints of these isolates with isolates from the patients' drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a method used to separate large segments of DNA using an alternating and cross field. (wikipedia.org)
  • By the late 1980s and early 1990s, PFGE had become a widely used technique for the separation and analysis of large DNA molecules in various fields of research, including molecular biology, genetics, and biotechnology. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are various types of PFGE methods, such as FIGE, TAFE, CHEF, OFAG, PHOGE and PACE, that are used for isolating and typing DNA with large pieces. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a highly discriminative molecular typing technique that is used in epidemiological studies worldwide. (applied-maths.com)
  • PFGE is based upon the variable migration of large DNA restriction fragments in an electrical field of alternating polarity. (applied-maths.com)
  • Although more recent typing methods are available, PFGE is still the gold standard in many national and international surveillance programs. (applied-maths.com)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is performed to subtype isolates of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella sp. (in.gov)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, or PFGE, is a DNA-based typing technique that is highly discriminatory and has been used in epidemiological investigations of S. zooepidemicus outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
  • Our analysis includes the antimicrobial resistance profiles, the molecular characterization of the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, virulence gene profiles and the molecular characterization of S. dysenteriae isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). (researchsquare.com)
  • Subtyping of outbreak-associated isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed two similar but distinct Asc I PFGE patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PFGE has been adopted by PulseNet as the internationally standardized method for molecular subtyping of L . monocytogenes and has been essential in the detection and investigation of listeriosis outbreaks in Canada and worldwide [ 18 - 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, the genomic diversity of STEC strains was assessed by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus variable-number-tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). (usda.gov)
  • Isolates were further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) after extraction of DNA and digestion of the extract with Smal (7) . (canada.ca)
  • PulseNet collects DNA fingerprints of E. coli bacteria with a process called pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
  • DNA "fingerprinting" is performed on Salmonella bacteria isolated from ill people using techniques called pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). (cdc.gov)
  • Electrophoretic karyotyping is a relatively new experimental technique whereby the chromosomes of lower eukaryotes are physically separated in an agarose gel matrix by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized when irradiated with ultraviolet light. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • The key to obtaining high-resolution karyotypes resides in the identification of a successful method of preparing chromosomes for PFGE. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • This deletion is molecularly defined by the identification of a patient specific junction fragment by Southern analysis following pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (bmj.com)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is considered the gold standard for genetically identifying Listeria bacteria that cause food poisoning. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • Fingerprint patterns were generated from strains of Neisseria meningitidis by digestion of chromosomal DNA samples with 'rare-site' restriction endonucleases and resolution of the resultant fragments by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The PFGE technique is a relatively rapid and sensitive method for establishing clonal relationships among epidemic strains of N. meningitidis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A confirmed case was defined as a suspected case displaying the same Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern as EHEC O157. (who.int)
  • In this study, we compared pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of Aeromonas isolates from stool specimens of patients with diarrhea with Aeromonas isolates from patients' drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • S. aureus isolates were screened for methicillin resistance following the NCCLS disk diffusion method. (cdc.gov)
  • The availability of whole genome information enables a number of methods to be applied that can be used to characterise the particular isolate and to determine the genetic relatedness of isolates. (food.gov.uk)
  • The isolates were analyzed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus sequence typing and sequencing of the szP gene. (cdc.gov)
  • The molecular typing methods showed that human and equine isolates were identical or closely related. (cdc.gov)
  • Accordingly, additional subtyping methods are required to better characterize outbreak isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Electrophoretically generated DNA profiles were digitized and analyzed using Gel Compar software, and isolates with specific DNA profiles were grouped into one of the previously described, or newly identified Canadian epidemic clones (2,8) . (canada.ca)
  • Copenhagen) isolates obtained from either animal diagnostic specimens (n=199) or food animals after slaughter/processing (n=389) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of class-1 integrons, and characterized using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and phage typing. (usda.gov)
  • A variety of Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis profiles was observed by macrorestriction DNA analysis in S. epidermidis isolates, but two of three S. haemolyticus isolates presented the same profile. (scielo.br)
  • That the number of chromosomes among field isolates of other fungal pathogens is variable is suggestive that aneuploidy may also play a significant role in karyotype variability. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Methods Six hundred and forty-seven K. pneumoniae isolates (2008-2017) with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems were screened for blaBKC-1. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • BKC-1-positive isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus sequence typing. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • The aim of this study was to collect C. difficile isolates from different countries and different animals and to compare them with classical agarose gel-based and sequencer-based PCR ribotyping and determine the toxinotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular typing of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from clinical and environmental specimens in three Iranian hospitals by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. (electroforese.com)
  • [ 2 ] Individual isolates can then be distinguished with serogrouping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and bacteriophage serotyping techniques. (medscape.com)
  • High-throughput genome sequencing provided a more detailed real-time assessment of genetic traits characteristic of the outbreak strains than could be achieved with routine subtyping methods. (biomedcentral.com)
  • There are 13 known serotypes of L. monocytogenes but the vast majority of human disease cases are caused by strains belonging to serotypes 4b, 1/2a, and 1/2b, severely limiting the utility of this subtyping method for differentiating L. monocytogenes [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two different isolation methods were used to recover STEC strains. (usda.gov)
  • Analysis of the clonal relationships between strains of Neisseria meningitidis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • PCR ribotyping is currently the method of choice for differentiation of C. difficile strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • OFAGE uses non-uniform electric fields to separate large DNA fragments. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA fragments are separated during electrophoresis using an electrical field of alternating polarity, after which the fingerprints are visualized and documented. (applied-maths.com)
  • When an effective method of efficiently producing protoplasts is identified, the karyotypes may sometimes be characterized by diffuse bands with evidence of chromosomal fragments. (taylorfrancis.com)
  • Migration of nucleic acid molecules in an electric field is determined by size and conformation, allowing nucleic fragments of different sizes to be separated. (qiagen.com)
  • Agarose gel analysis is the most commonly used method for analyzing DNA fragments between 0.1 and 25 kb, while pulse-field gel electrophoresis enables analysis of DNA fragments up to 10,000 kb. (qiagen.com)
  • The concentration of agarose used for the gel depends primarily on the size of the DNA fragments to be analyzed. (qiagen.com)
  • The drawback of TBE is that the borate ions in the buffer form complexes with the cis-diol groups of sugar monomers and polymers, making it difficult to extract DNA fragments from TBE gels using traditional methods. (qiagen.com)
  • Most gels are run using standard agarose, although some special types of agarose are available for particular applications. (qiagen.com)
  • For example, low-melt agarose allows in situ enzymatic reactions and can therefore be used for preparative gels. (qiagen.com)
  • Genomic DNA can be isolated directly from cells immobilized in low-melt agarose gels (see reference 6 for more information). (qiagen.com)
  • Agarose quality is particularly important when running high-percentage agarose gels. (qiagen.com)
  • The most commonly used buffers for agarose gel electrophoresis are TBE (Tris·borate-EDTA) and TAE (Tris·acetate-EDTA) (see tables TAE , TBE , and Gel loading buffer ). (qiagen.com)
  • Add an appropriate amount of agarose (depending on the concentration required) to an appropriate volume of electrophoresis buffer (depending on the type of electrophoresis apparatus being used) in a flask or bottle. (qiagen.com)
  • Always use the same batch of buffer to prepare the agarose as to run the gel since small differences in ionic strength can affect migration of DNA. (qiagen.com)
  • This will ensure that the agarose concentration is correct and that the gel and the electrophoresis buffer have the same buffer composition. (qiagen.com)
  • Pour the agarose solution onto the gel tray to a thickness of 3-5 mm. (qiagen.com)
  • Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by microbroth dilution methods in accordance with the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (6) . (canada.ca)
  • Traditional microbiologic methods remain suboptimal in providing rapid identification and susceptibility testing. (isid.org)
  • Methods were used to determine the characteristics of the Salmonella bacteria isolated from the various sources, and a method known as pulsed field gel electrophoresis was used to track the spread of Salmonella contamination from the different sources to the tomatoes. (marlerblog.com)
  • Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis test result showed that Salmonella enterica seorvar Thompson isolated from human and foods were the same. (e-epih.org)
  • Molecular techniques have facilitated the identification, genotyping, and monitoring of food contamination sources, identification of genetically modified organisms, and use as food detection methods to avoid falsification through genetic markers. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • The developed singleplex assay as singleplex defeated a reference PCR method at speed, whereas at sensitivity it was lacking. (9pdf.co)
  • This method identifies the outbreak strain of bacteria. (foodpoisoningbulletin.com)
  • For strain typing, an optical map of the isolate of interest can be generated in about 24 hours, compared to the days or weeks that it would take with next-generation sequencing-based methods. (genomeweb.com)
  • In addition, OpGen's technology "gives you much more distinguishing features and gives you the ability to identify down to the strain in an isolate level," unlike pulsed field gel electrophoresis, which White said is the gold standard method for separating DNA molecules. (genomeweb.com)
  • This important feature makes it possible for labs to exchange and compare electrophoresis data obtained with different conditions or setups. (applied-maths.com)
  • This is performed in standard electrophoresis setups using multiple electrodes, however, this method is not practical in microfluidic applications as it requires a multitude of electrodes, electrolyte reservoirs, complex driving circuits, and can create undesirable bubbles at the electrode/electrolyte interface. (technologypublisher.com)
  • Pulsed field gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of large DNA molecules by applying to a gel matrix an electric field that periodically changes direction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first reference to the use of the term "pulsed-field gel electrophoresis" appears in a 1983 paper by Dr. Richard L. Sweeley and colleagues at the DuPont Company, where they described a method of separating large DNA molecules (over 50 kb) by applying a series of alternating electric fields to a gel matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pulsed field gel electrophoresis, which is currently used to fractionate large DNA molecules, requires a uniform, homogeneous alternate electric field. (technologypublisher.com)
  • In a uniform magnetic field, components larger than 50kb move through the gel in a zigzag pattern, allowing for more effective separation of DNA molecules. (wikipedia.org)
  • The movement of DNA molecules is facilitated by shorter time pulses or less force in the reverse direction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite this limitation, DNA molecules between 1000 kb and 2000 kb can still be separated using this method. (wikipedia.org)
  • OpGen's Optical Mapping Technology is a method of deciphering a genome's architecture by creating high-resolution, ordered, whole-genome restriction maps from single DNA molecules. (genomeweb.com)
  • Current methods to fractionate larger (greater than 30kb) DNA molecules by size use pulsed gel electrophoresis and typically take several days to fractionate one set of samples. (technologypublisher.com)
  • This new method uses micro or nano fabricated environments to accurately control the motion of the DNA molecules, allowing continuous fractionation with very high resolution in a matter of seconds, even for DNA molecules larger than 100kbp. (technologypublisher.com)
  • This method is commonly used in microbiology for typing bacteria and is a valuable tool for epidemiological studies and gene mapping in microbes and mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the July 2005 issue of Agricultural Research magazine, Jan Suszkiw reports that identifying harmful yeasts and bacteria is faster, easier and more sensitive than current detection methods, thanks to a new test by Agricultural Research Service scientists in Peoria, Ill. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • METHODS A retrospective method was conducted on the electronic medical records of inpatients treated with Polymyxin B sulfate for injection from January 2020 to March 2022 to collect the basic information of patients, inpatient departments and time, infection diagnosis, results of pathogenic bacteria test, laboratory test indicators, usage and dosage, and combined medication,etc. (bvsalud.org)
  • has been identified as the 2nd most consensus (ERIC) sequences which · 60 environmental samples were tak- frequent organism causing ventilator- are common to Gram-negative enteric en throughout the ICU, including associated pneumonia, the 4th most bacteria [11,12]. (who.int)
  • The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) has said improvements must be made after low scores in one parameter of an analysis looking at Listeria typing methods. (foodnavigator.com)
  • This section provides useful hints for effective gel analysis of DNA. (qiagen.com)
  • The methods presented in this review proved to be fast, and effective and could be effective substitutes for chemical and physical methods, chemical and biochemical, producing results with greater accuracy, reliability and speed of analysis. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • For a long time, food analysis has always been based on physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical methods, however, these are techniques that sometimes require a lot of time and have a low degree of precision. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Site-specific and Quantitative N-glycan Heterogeneity Analysis of the Charge Isomers of an Anti-VEGF Recombinant Fusion Protein by High-resolution 2-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry. (electroforese.com)
  • Instrumental analyses, commonly used in physical-chemical methods, present systematic errors related to the equipment and reagents used, as well as errors in reading, and weighing by the operator, and require several hours before the results are obtained. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Important progress made in the fields of instruments, reagents and techniques have make it easier to adapt to the important changes of the clinical microbiology context e.g. increasing use of microbiology tests, shortage of qualified personnel. (isid.org)
  • reinforces the need to apply reliable methods to reduce the incidence of false positive and false negative results which may be of clinical significance. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In general, the most known and used methods are Western Blots (WB), Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Lateral-Flow Assay (LFA), and Dot-Blot Assay (DBA) and have been applied in the detection of carcinogenic compounds, pathogenic and allergenic microorganisms using antibodies [8]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • assay by using oligo screening method. (9pdf.co)
  • Novel foodborne pathogen techniques and geographic origin determination methods as well as work from EU projects were presented at Rapid Methods Europe in Amsterdam. (foodnavigator.com)
  • His research activities focus on food microbiology and food safety, including rapid methods for the detection and characterisation of microorganisms associated with foods, the biology, ecology and management of foodborne pathogens and food safety systems and culture. (edu.au)
  • Researchers at Princeton University have developed three new methods for manipulation of DNA and other large macromolecules in microfluidic environments. (technologypublisher.com)
  • The Molecular Test Development Laboratory develops and implements methods for detection and subtyping of various gastrointestinal and respiratory pathogens. (in.gov)
  • Enterocyte invasion is the preferred method by which microbes such as Shigella and Campylobacter organisms and enteroinvasive E coli cause destruction and inflammatory diarrhea. (medscape.com)
  • This method involves exposing the DNA to restriction endonucleases, such as Xhol, for a longer period of time, resulting in an increase in the number of fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the data in this field are not decisive and there are some confounding factors in human studies, it can be inferred that the use of any illicit drug with an effect on male sexual health reduces fertility potency. (magiran.com)
  • The analytical methods are described in the Description of the Laboratory Methodology section. (cdc.gov)
  • Immunoassay refers to a class of analytical methods based on antigen-antibody-specific interactions. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Carolina Duarte participated in all the stages of the un hospital pediátrico de tercer nivel en Colombia - 2016 study. (bvsalud.org)
  • Production of high-quality two-dimensional gel electrophoresis profile for marine medaka samples by using Trizol-based protein extraction approaches. (electroforese.com)
  • The scientific knowledge and capacity in the field of genomic sequencing has been continuously developed during the last two decades. (biomerieux.com)
  • This is a technique that separates large segments of DNA by periodically flipping two fields at a straight angle. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to Page, a molecular biologist in the unit, culture-plate testing methods are now used to diagnose Candida infections. (foodpoisonjournal.com)
  • Make sure that there are no air bubbles in the gel or trapped between the wells. (qiagen.com)
  • METHODS Urinary excretion of 6-sulphatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the major hepatic metabolite of melatonin, in 19 SMS patients were measured in conjunction with 24 hour sleep studies in 28 SMS patients. (bmj.com)
  • En Égypte, des isolats prélevés sur les tubulures d'appareils d'aspiration et de respiration artificielle (A8) et sur les cuvettes (A7) étaient liés à ceux prélevés chez les patients ayant ces antibiotypes. (who.int)
  • En Égypte, les isolats des patients étaient de types ERIC VII, VIII et IX et correspondaient à ceux des tubulures des appareils d'aspiration et de respiration artificielle et des cuvettes. (who.int)
  • The 37-Mb genome was predicted to contain a total of 12,074 genes encoding proteins with a length greater than 100 amino acid residues (see Methods). (nature.com)
  • METHODS: From 1 January 2000, we identified adult dengue cases reported in the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System Database. (bvsalud.org)
  • The choice of which method to use depends on the financial resources available and the specific goals of the study. (wikipedia.org)
  • Methods: In this study, 588 S. Typhimurium (including var. (usda.gov)
  • METHODS: Effects were estimated, within each study, of three exposures: mother smoked during pregnancy, parental smoking in the first two years, current parental smoking. (who.int)
  • A detailed description of the laboratory method used can be found on the NHANES website. (cdc.gov)
  • A Listeria monocytogenes typing assessment has shown the majority of labs were able to produce gels of sufficient quality for inter-laboratory comparisons but the general quality needs improvement. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Gels allow separation and identification of nucleic acids based on charge migration. (qiagen.com)
  • More importantly, a variety of new methods are becoming increasingly available, providing several options for measuring each indicator group. (nationalacademies.org)
  • The second method permits generation of a wide variety of electrical field distributions in the electrolyte layer of micro-fabricated electrophoretic devices. (technologypublisher.com)
  • The third method allows the generation of a wide variety of flow distributions of a layer of liquid in micro-fluidic devices. (technologypublisher.com)
  • The rate of DNA breakage is then measured under an inverted and asymmetric electric field, allowing for quantitative measurement. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, separate criteria allow one to choose the indicator with the most desirable biological attributes for a given application and then match this with a measurement method that best meets the need of the application. (nationalacademies.org)