Metastatic mediastinum. Medical search. Frequent questions

Neurogenic tumors are, by far, the most common neoplasm of the posterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)
This lower part is subdivided into three regions, all relative to the pericardium - the anterior mediastinum being in front of the pericardium, the middle mediastinum contains the pericardium and its contents, and the posterior mediastinum being behind the pericardium. (wikipedia.org)
For instance, in the radiological scheme of Felson, there are only three compartments (anterior, middle, and posterior), and the heart is part of the middle (inferior) mediastinum. (wikipedia.org)
A transverse section of the thorax, showing the contents of the middle and the posterior mediastinum. (wikipedia.org)
Posterior mediastinum: Neurogenic tumors, either from the nerve sheath (mostly benign) or elsewhere (mostly malignant). (wikipedia.org)
He also described successful removal of neurogenic tumors from the posterior mediastinum and described several types of thymic tumors. (medscape.com)
When defining the location of specific mediastinal masses, the portion of the thorax defined as the mediastinum extends from the posterior aspect of the sternum to the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies and includes the paravertebral sulci. (medscape.com)
C380 Heart C381 Anterior mediastinum C382 Posterior mediastinum C383 Mediastinum, NOS C388 Overlapping lesion of heart, mediastinum and pleura **Note 1:** This schema is based on the UICC chapter *Soft Tissues,* pages 157-161. (cancer.gov)
A posterolateral thoracotomy is the standard approach for lung resection and surgery involving the esophagus, posterior mediastinum, and aorta. (radiologykey.com)
The mediastinum is located in the thoracic cavity and is generally divided into superior, anterior, middle, and posterior compartments and is bounded by the pleura laterally. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The thymus, heart and great vessels, lungs, and esophagus are among the most obvious organs which occupy the anterior (thymus), middle (heart), and posterior (esophagus and aorta) mediastinum. (basicmedicalkey.com)
The pathology of the posterior mediastinum is dominated by a variety of neurogenic neoplasms and bronchoenteric developmental cysts. (basicmedicalkey.com)

An understanding of the embryology and of the anatomic relations of the normal structures of the mediastinum is essential in the proper determination of the exact nature of a mass or tumor located in this area. (medscape.com)
This is not, by definition, a tumor that originates within the mediastinum, but is often first identified as a mass lesion within the mediastinum that must be differentiated from other sources and, when symptomatic, must be treated. (medscape.com)
Even though not a primary tumor of the mediastinum, substernal extension of the cervical thyroid gland is discussed in this article because it is a relatively common problem and is traditionally considered one of the differential diagnoses of an anterior mediastinal mass. (medscape.com)
On the basis of characteristic cytological features, a diagnosis of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor/paraganglioma was suggested. (cytojournal.com)
Other rare non-epithelial malignancies that may be encountered in effusion cytology include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, and metastatic brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
Tumor maximal SUV (T-SUV max ) and T-SUV max -to-mediastinum blood-pool (MBP) SUV mean ratios (T/MBP) were determined. (snmjournals.org)
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor with perineurial differentiation is a rare soft tissue sarcoma composed predominantly of spindle-shaped neoplastic cells showing perineurial differentiation and displaying abundant cellular pleomorphism or anaplasia, frequent mitoses, tumor necrosis and high metastatic potential. (orpha.net)
thus, a successful metastatic colony depends on the ability of cancer cells to appropriate distinct microenvironments at each step in the metastatic cascade: the primary tumor, systemic circulation, and the final metastatic destination. (medscape.com)
The current TNM staging system is used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and more recently neuroendocrine tumors including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and provides a framework for the assessment of prognosis and the assignment of therapy for patients with a new diagnosis of lung cancer using the histopathologic evaluation of the primary tumor (T), lymph nodes (N), and metastatic disease (M). (sts.org)
At the chest tomography, a low-density mass with the presence of multiple vascularized septa, without evidence of tumor extension, without mediastinum nodes growth, neither metastatic lesions. (tgcd.org.tr)
A CT guided biopsy of an iliac bone lesion was consistent with metastatic, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (WHO grade 2). (mayoclinic.org)
The image also showed a tumor mass with heterogeneous density at the mediastinum. (ejournals.ca)
In most cases of metastatic meningiomas, surgical resection of the original tumor was followed by progression within 5 years of diagnosis [4], leading to the hypothesis that surgical resection might initiate meta-static spread [2]. (amjcaserep.com)
This procedure may also be done to examine a metastatic pleural tumor . (medlineplus.gov)

It is already used commonly for biopsy of masses and lymph nodes and has also been described for resection of various mediastinal cysts, mediastinal parathyroid adenomas, and localized benign tumors of the posterior mediastinum, such as ganglioneuromas. (medscape.com)
Tumors metastatic to mediastinal lymph nodes represent the most common mediastinal lesions and must be differentiated from primary lesions. (allenpress.com)
Milton then described a human case in which he resected most of a tuberculous sternum plus 2 large tuberculous lymph nodes from the mediastinum, successfully avoiding the pleural spaces. (medscape.com)
This may reveal an obvious mass, widening of the mediastinum (suggestive of spread to lymph nodes there), atelectasis (collapse), consolidation (pneumonia), or pleural effusion. (primidi.com)
A: mediastinum, upper and lower bilateral clavicle area, left armpit, and lung lymph node metastases at treatment initiation (March 2016). (novogene.com)
C: the metastatic lymph nodes had disappeared, with the metabolism returning to normal 11 months after Crizotinib treatment (February 2017). (novogene.com)
These specimens, commonly intrathoracic lymph nodes, are submitted for intraoperative frozen section consultation to ascertain their metastatic status for purposes of operability of a nonsmall cell carcinoma of the lung. (basicmedicalkey.com)
A 65-year old male patient was referred to our hospital with several space-occupying lesions in inferior lobe of right lung and enlarged lymph nodes in mediastinum and bilateral hilum detected occasionally by chest computed tomography (CT) scanning during the annual health examination in April 2015 (Fig. 1 a). (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, a clinical diagnosis was made as adenocarcinoma in inferior lobe of right lung, in association with multiple lesions among bilateral lungs, enlargement of lymph nodes in mediastinum and bilateral hilum, and solitary lesion in left parietal lobe of brain suggesting metastasis (Fig. 1 a). (biomedcentral.com)
After the finish of chemotherapy, repeating chest CT scan revealed an increased lump in inferior lobe of right lung, as well as lymph nodes in mediastinum and bilateral hilum (Fig. 1 b). (biomedcentral.com)
Additional known masses of the middle or right anterior mediastinum causing superior vena cava syndrome include enlarged paratracheal lymph nodes, lymphoma, leiomyosarcomas, carcinoids, germ cell tumors, fibrosing mediastinitis, intrathoracic goiter, thymoma, and aortic aneurysm. (escholarship.org)
We present a case in which compression of extracranial vasculature led to long term pulsatile tinnitus which resolved completely with surgical resection of metastatic lymph nodes. (ochsner.org)
Patients with advanced carcinoid cancer often present with distant metastases to their left superior mediastinum and supraclavicular lymph node chain. (ochsner.org)

The mediastinum can be divided into an upper (or superior) and lower (or inferior) part: The superior mediastinum starts at the superior thoracic aperture and ends at the thoracic plane. (wikipedia.org)
The aortic arch and the proximal segment of the aorta (ascending and proximal aorta) are located in the superior mediastinum, which is bounded by the manubrium sterni anteriorly and thoracic vertebrae 1 through 4. (basicmedicalkey.com)

These lesions are accessible through endoscopic/endobronchial ultrasound-guided or computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and represent a wide range of primary and metastatic tumors. (allenpress.com)
The mediastinum is the site for a variety of lesions, both benign and malignant. (allenpress.com)
In contrast, tumors arising in the retroperitoneum are virtually always associated with premalignant lesions in one of the testes and behave clinically similar to metastatic testicular seminomas. (medscape.com)
Surgical resections of mediastinal contents are restricted in most cases to mass lesions in the anterior mediastinum with thymic-related neoplasms, the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravis or a germ cell neoplasm (which may or may not be associated with the thymus). (basicmedicalkey.com)

While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
As malignant cells have a tendency to round up in body fluids these non-epithelial neoplasms can therefore mimic reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
Metastatic malignant tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
However, malignant SFTs, which comprise 10%-15% of SFTs, not only aggressively infiltrate adjacent structures but are also capable of metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
Both benign and malignant processes in the mediastinum may be accompanied by a substantial fibroinflammatory reaction, which encases the underlying pathology. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Fevre CL, Vigneron C, Schuster H, Walter A, Marcellin L, Massard G, Lutz P, Noel G. Metastatic mediastinal mature teratoma with malignant transformation in young man with an adenocarcinoma in Klinefelter's syndrome: Case report and review of the literature. (ejournals.ca)
Shimizu K, Nakata M, Hirami Y, Akiyama T, Tanemoto K. Teratoma with malignant transformation in the anterior mediastinum. (ejournals.ca)
however, some show a malignant behavior that can lead to metastatic disease [2]. (amjcaserep.com)

The mediastinum is frequently the site of involvement of various tumors: Anterior mediastinum: substernal thyroid goiters, lymphoma, thymoma, and teratoma. (wikipedia.org)
A nodular soft tissue density within the anterior mediastinum remains unchanged. (breastcancer.org)
I was initially treated with thymectomy, and did well until recently when metastatic Dotatate avid disease was found in the mediastinum, anterior right hilum and extensively in the bones. (mayoclinic.org)
For instance, the anterior mediastinum is the site of the thymus with its varied associated pathology from Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), to thymoma, to germ cell neoplasms. (basicmedicalkey.com)
FNA is generally performed as an imageguided or endoscopically directed procedure on suspected pathology in the anterior or middle mediastinum. (basicmedicalkey.com)
Given the broad range of pathologic processes in the anterior and middle mediastinum, an advanced level of experience is recommended for FNA interpretation of specimens from these sites. (basicmedicalkey.com)
These tumors are often located in the anterior mediastinum and occur in adult males with a peak incidence between 20-40 years. (ejournals.ca)
Adenocarcinoma with sarcomatous dedifferentiation arising from mature cystic teratoma of the anterior mediastinum. (ejournals.ca)

While neoplasms of the middle mediastinum are most commonly of lymphatic origin, neurogenic tumors also occasionally occur in this area. (medscape.com)
Middle mediastinum: lymphadenopathy, metastatic disease such as from small cell carcinoma from the lung. (wikipedia.org)

The most common category of nonmesotheliomatous cancer to involve the pleura is represented by extrapleural primary malignancies that secondarily involve the pleura via metastatic spread. (medscape.com)

Here, we present the case of a 67-year-old male patient with incidental findings of mediastinal and retroperitoneal masses which were found to be due to metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma based on histopathology and immunohistochemical studies and later on supported by the significantly elevated Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) levels. (hindawi.com)
He underwent an en bloc resection, and pathological findings concluded to a metastasis of a pulmonary combined small cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. (hindawi.com)
This report documents the case of a 57‑year‑old male patient initially diagnosed with non‑metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, who presented with abdominal pain 6 months later. (spandidos-publications.com)
The most common intra-abdominal disease was metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver (14 patients), and the most common intrathoracic disease was lung adenocarcinoma (18 patients). (org.in)

Widened mediastinum/mediastinal widening is where the mediastinum has a width greater than 6 cm on an upright PA chest X-ray or 8 cm on supine AP chest film. (wikipedia.org)
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was first introduced by Martin and Ellis 4 and has been used as an easy and safe procedure for diagnosing primary and metastatic mediastinal diseases. (allenpress.com)

Heuer noted that at that time, dermoid cysts and teratomas were the most commonly found tumors of the mediastinum. (medscape.com)

Metastatic follicular carcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
Being aware of this unusual and rare presentation of metastatic prostate carcinoma might decrease diagnostic delay and allow earlier treatment. (hindawi.com)
The diagnosis was stage IV metastatic prostate carcinoma (pM1a). (hindawi.com)
Nevertheless, radioactive iodide treatment is used for most patients with Hürthle cell cancers after total and near-total thyroidectomy and in the treatment of patients with recurrent and metastatic Hürthle cell carcinoma. (medscape.com)
The role of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic deposits of recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma: A prospective study. (unibo.it)
Metastatic breast carcinoma w/ cyclophosphamide: 60-75 mg/m2 once 3 wkly. (medicscientist.com)

By building on the proven concept of conventional chemoradiation for patients with locally advanced NSCLC with a subsequent radiation dose intensification to residual disease with SBRT concurrent with immunotherapy, we hope address the issues of metastatic and local failures. (frontiersin.org)
Stage III lung cancer, though heterogeneous in its classification, includes non-metastatic but locally advanced disease with involvement of N1-N3 nodal stations and/or T3 and T4 primaries. (frontiersin.org)
Presently, stage III lung cancer is managed with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and sometimes surgery but the two major challenges in improving outcomes of the treatment of this disease remain local control and metastatic spread. (frontiersin.org)
Mr LM is a 59-year-old with NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer) and metastatic disease to his mediastinum and left chest. (pallimed.org)
2 cm, and those with nodal and distant metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
Again, the findings could represent infectious or inflammatory etiology with metastatic disease not excludable. (breastcancer.org)
Most patients with overt metastatic disease die within 2 years despite chemotherapy. (healthybladderclub.com)
Because of the highly aggressive nature of these cancers, two thirds of patients exhibit symptoms resulting from metastatic or systemic disease at the time of initial presentation. (sts.org)
[1] The presence of symptoms is usually related to either locally advanced or metastatic disease. (sts.org)
IMTs have been reported in numerous organ systems, but most commonly are encountered within the thorax, usually the lung or tracheobronchial tree, and uncommonly the mediastinum.IMTs show variable biological behavior, ranging from spontaneous regression to locally aggressive behavior, including recurrence after resection and even distant metastatic disease. (elsevierpure.com)

Any discussion of neoplasms or other masses found within the mediastinum requires delineation of the boundaries of that area. (medscape.com)
Poorly differentiated carcinomas near or at midline regions of the mediastinum or retroperitoneum in young or middle-aged males should be considered germ cell neoplasms-even in the absence of a testicular mass. (msdmanuals.com)

Mediastinum and retroperitoneum are exceedingly rare sites for metastatic prostate cancer to occur. (hindawi.com)
It often presents as a soft, painless, solid mass in subcutaneous tissues of the trunk or limbs, but tumors have also been described in the facial area, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, pancreas, paravertebral column and the pelvic soft tissues. (orpha.net)

She had the hilum, mediastinum, and then multifocal bony metastasis and possibly, possibly early liver metastasis too. (ascopost.com)

For those with MIBC, 11.6% had metastatic bladder cancer at diagnosis and 3.9% had bladder cancer metastases in the lungs. (healthybladderclub.com)

Frequent local recurrence and distant metastatic spread has been reported. (orpha.net)

Minimal AFP elevations, however, may be due to hepatopathy, including metastatic seminoma to the liver. (medscape.com)

Prostate cancer should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of elderly men presenting with metastatic epithelial tumors even in unusual sites. (hindawi.com)
Among adults with NMIBC, 0.8% had metastatic bladder cancer and 0.3% had bladder cancer metastatic to the lungs at diagnosis. (healthybladderclub.com)
The definition of the mediastinum relates to the structures and organs with observable pathology on imaging studies and the associated differential diagnosis. (basicmedicalkey.com)

Patients with early-stage lung cancer are asymptomatic, whereas those with advanced metastasis are frequently symptomatic due to metastatic sites. (spandidos-publications.com)
58.82% (20/34) of patients had 2 or more metastatic locations and 41.17% (14/34) had a single metastasis, this being bone location in 64.28% (9/34) of patients. (bmj.com)
Furthermore, extracranial metastatic meningioma remains extremely rare (0.1%), with the most common location for metastasis being the lung. (amjcaserep.com)

At a lesion-by-lesion analysis, 18F-FDG PET/CT visualized a total of 26 metastatic deposits, c.e. (unibo.it)

Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the mediastinum can be highly reliable, with greater than 80% diagnostic accuracy. (allenpress.com)

However, 56.2% of reported metastatic meningiomas originated from benign (Grade I) and intermediary (Grade II) tumors, as in our case [2]. (amjcaserep.com)

Crizotinib has been approved by FDA for the treatment of advanced metastatic NSCLC with ROS1 or ALK rearrangements. (novogene.com)

A widened mediastinum can be indicative of several pathologies: aortic aneurysm aortic dissection aortic unfolding aortic rupture hilar lymphadenopathy anthrax inhalation - a widened mediastinum was found in 7 of the first 10 victims infected by anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) in 2001. (wikipedia.org)

The embryological aspects of the mediastinum are basically those of the organs and structures which occupy this compartment. (basicmedicalkey.com)

midway';PL: mediastina) is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. (wikipedia.org)

The mediastinum lies within the thorax and is enclosed on the right and left by pleurae. (wikipedia.org)
Until the era when the airway and ventilation could be controlled artificially, the mediastinum, like other parts of the thorax, was deemed a dangerous area to approach. (medscape.com)

The first described removal of a parathyroid adenoma from the mediastinum occurred in 1932. (medscape.com)

Later, biopsy from the pulmonary nodules showed a metastatic meningioma. (amjcaserep.com)

Lymphomas, primary or ectopic endocrine tumors, and a wide variety of mesenchymal tumors can occur in the mediastinum. (medscape.com)
Metastatic cancers take the name of the primary cancer instead of the name of the organ theyve spread to. (healthybladderclub.com)
Primary or metastatic cancer presenting as an obstructive mass within the SVC is rare [ 11 ]. (escholarship.org)

Most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin. (cytojournal.com)

Because a great many organ systems and varieties of tissues are represented within the mediastinum, tumors that occur in this area can represent many different clinical entities and pathologic processes. (medscape.com)
Metastatic tumors to the oral region are uncommon and may occur in the oral soft tissues or jawbones. (medscape.com)
About 25-30% of these tumors occur in the mediastinum. (ejournals.ca)

A few surgeons in the late 1800s and early 1900s attempted and described surgical approaches to the mediastinum. (medscape.com)
Most of the cases referenced in the monograph were from the 1920s and 1930s, and, in spite of Milton's previously described work, no reference was made to the use of median sternotomy as an acceptable surgical approach to the mediastinum. (medscape.com)

Metastatic tumors in the lungs are cancers that developed at other places in the body (or other parts of the lungs). (medlineplus.gov)
In some cases, a person can live more than 5 years with metastatic cancer to the lungs. (medlineplus.gov)

Four patients with evidence of limited metastatic spread to neck/upper mediastinum were re-operated, and in 2 of them serum calcitonin levels normalized. (unibo.it)

Twenty-seven patients had high positive rhTSH Tg testing and (131)I uptake was detected in lung, bone, or mediastinum in 11. (unife.it)

In this video, Drs. Jame Abraham, Erin Roesch, and Azka Ali discuss the management of a patient with de novo metastatic estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. (ascopost.com)
Our final installment will focus on management of metastatic ER-positive breast cancer. (ascopost.com)
Background and Importance Ribociclib is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor used in the first line of luminal metastatic breast cancer (MBC). (bmj.com)

Anatomy15

Diseases71

Chemicals and Drugs8

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science2

Health Care5

Posterior12

Tumor14

Lymph13

Superior mediastinum2

Lesions4

Malignant8

Anterior8

Middle mediastinum2

Pleura1

Adenocarcinoma4

Mediastinal2

Tumors of the Mediastinum1

Carcinoma6

Disease10

Neoplasms2

Retroperitoneum2

Hilum1

Metastases1

Distant1

Liver1

Diagnosis3

Metastasis3

Lesion1

Fine-needle asp1

Benign1

NSCLC1

Aortic1

Structures1

Thoracic cavity1

Thorax2

Parathyroid1

Biopsy1

Primary3

Epithelial1

Occur3

Surgical2

Lungs2

Neck1

Bone1

Breast3