To date, three clinical distinct phenotypes of endometriosis of the pelvis are recognized: ovarian cysts (endometrioma), peritoneal implants of endometriotic lesions and deep infiltrating endometriosis [1]. (fortuneonline.org)
Lymphatic2
The pathophysiology of endometriosis remains controversial, although three distinct mechanisms are widely accepted: the Sampsons theory of backflow menstruation, the coeleomic-metaplasia hypothesis and the venous and/or lymphatic metastatic dissemination theory [1]. (fortuneonline.org)
Although primary neoplasms arising in the mesentery are rare, the mesentery is a major avenue for the dissemination of tumours, which can spread through hematogenous, lymphatic, direct or peritoneal seeding. (sajr.org.za)
Cavity5
The sensitivity of the test results depends on the ability to completely lavage all regions of the peritoneal cavity and to detect cancer cells being shed into the peritoneal cavity by the tumor. (medscape.com)
Endometriosis is a common benign and chronic inflammatory gynaecological disease due to functional endometrial glands and stroma in an ectopic location outside the uterine cavity [ 1 ]. (polradiol.com)
The most widely accepted theory is Sampson's implantation or metastatic theory, which suggests retrograde menstruation to be responsible for deposits in the pelvic cavity [ 8 , 9 ]. (polradiol.com)
This drawback is explained by immunological theory, which states that normally refluxed menstrual endometrium is cleared from the peritoneal cavity by macrophages, natural killer cells, and lymphocytes preventing endometriosis in most cases. (polradiol.com)
However, there is reduced immunological clearance of refluxed endometrium from the peritoneal cavity, causing endometriosis in some women with immune system dysfunction. (polradiol.com)
Tumors3
Peritoneal carcinomas are divided into primary and secondary peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
Standard imaging tests, including ultrasonography and helical CT scans, are notably insensitive for the detection of peritoneal tumors. (medscape.com)
Other described primary peritoneal cancers and tumors include malignant mesothelioma, benign papillary mesothelioma, desmoplastic small round cell tumors, peritoneal angiosarcoma, leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD), and peritoneal hemangiomatosis. (medscape.com)
Bowel2
Small-bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumor with a diffusely thickened bowel wall. (medscape.com)
Metastatic theory or Halban's theory also explains the presence of endometriosis at distant and unusual sites like skin, umbilicus, bowel wall, pleura lungs, ureter, endocardium, pelvic lymph nodes, and retroperitoneum and extremely rare sites such as brain. (polradiol.com)
Ovarian4
Women with higher risk of ovarian cancer also have increased risk of peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
The management of peritoneal carcinoma is similar to that of epithelial cancers of ovarian and fallopian tube, due to similar clinical characteristics. (medscape.com)
Epithelial cancers of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal origin are known as epithelial ovarian cancer in clinical practice. (medscape.com)
Primary peritoneal cancers, some of which have been implicated in many cases of carcinomas of unknown primary origin, include ovarian cancer arising in women several years after bilateral oophorectomy. (medscape.com)
Malignant2
CT findings in patients with malignant peritoneal mesotheliomas range from peritoneum-based masses (a so-called "dry" appearance) to ascites, irregular or nodular peritoneal thickening, and an omental mass (a so-called "wet" appearance). (medscape.com)
However, malignant SFTs, which comprise 10%-15% of SFTs, not only aggressively infiltrate adjacent structures but are also capable of metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
Venous1
On CT, it appears as a well-defined or ill-defined mass showing heterogenous enhancement usually in the portal venous phase and it may infiltrate the adjacent organs. (sajr.org.za)
Organs3
Secondary peritoneal carcinomas usually invade locally or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs. (medscape.com)
Peritoneal neoplasia can originate de novo from the peritoneal tissues (primary) or invade or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs (secondary). (medscape.com)
The spleen, sometimes called "the forgotten organ" of the abdomen, has received less attention than other abdominal solid organs, as splenic diseases are less common and frequently clinically asymptomatic [ 1 ]. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Surfaces1
Direct visualization of the peritoneal surfaces along with palpation of the abdominal contents is by far the most sensitive modality for detecting peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
Abdominal3
Primary peritoneal carcinoma usually manifests as abdominal distention and diffuse nonspecific abdominal pain secondary to ascites. (medscape.com)
Open abdominal exploration and palpation are extremely sensitive for 1- to 2-mm peritoneal nodules. (medscape.com)
Therefore, US is widely used and frequently chosen as the first imaging modality for most abdominal imaging, both for general abdominal examinations and for patients suspected of having splenic diseases. (e-ultrasonography.org)
Diagnosis3
CT plays an essential role in the diagnosis of mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
Some mesenteric diseases present with distinctive imaging findings while others have similar findings, thereby complicating their differential diagnosis. (sajr.org.za)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent non-invasive modality that helps in non-invasive diagnosis, with excellent delineation of the disease extent, and thus provides a presurgical mapping of the disease, which is helpful for the operating surgeon [ 6 ]. (polradiol.com)
Primary4
Primary peritoneal carcinomas originate from the cells lining the peritoneum. (medscape.com)
Primary peritoneal cancer has been linked to certain variants of BRCA1/2 . (medscape.com)
The most common category of nonmesotheliomatous cancer to involve the pleura is represented by extrapleural primary malignancies that secondarily involve the pleura via metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
Primary peritoneal carcinoma is treated with tumor debulking followed by chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, or cisplatin. (medscape.com)
Endometriosis3
Conclusion: Polypoid endometriosis is a very rare disease but should be taken into account in postmenopausal women with use of tamoxifen or hormonal therapy. (fortuneonline.org)
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects approximately 10% of fertile women [1], up to 50% of women with infertility problems and up to 70% of women with chronic pelvic pain [2]. (fortuneonline.org)
Due to its nature as an estrogen dependent disease, endometriosis usually resolves in menopause because of decreasing hormone levels. (fortuneonline.org)
Contrast enhancement2
Upper GI image obtained during the single contrast enhancement portion shows an incidentally found mass. (medscape.com)
They demonstrate various contrast enhancement patterns including early peripheral enhancement because of vascular tissue ( Figure 1 ), delayed central enhancement of the fibrotic components, heterogenous, homogenous and absent enhancement. (sajr.org.za)
Patients2
Gadopentetic acid and gadodiamide are paramagnetic gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) that are routinely used for dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor disease progression in cancer patients. (bvsalud.org)
We propose that while focusing on providing medical care of the best personalized quality in the clinic, excessive administration of GBCAs should be avoided in patients with metastatic breast cancer to reduce the risk of promoting breast cancer cell drug resistance. (bvsalud.org)
Features1
Evaluation of the mesentery is often neglected during routine ultrasound (US) because of inadequate training and unfamiliarity with the common US features encountered with mesenteric disease. (sajr.org.za)
Suggest1
The smooth borders suggest a submucosal process. (medscape.com)
Image1
RESULTS: Since univariate analysis revealed that arterial peritumoral enhancement on the CEUS image, CEUS radiomics score, and EOB-MRI radiomics score were significantly associated with MVI, three prediction models, namely the CEUS model, the EOB-MRI model, and the CEUS-EOB model, were developed. (bvsalud.org)
Visualization1
Direct visualization of the peritoneal surfaces along with palpation of the abdominal contents is by far the most sensitive modality for detecting peritoneal cancer. (medscape.com)
Tumor3
The sensitivity of the test results depends on the ability to completely lavage all regions of the peritoneal cavity and to detect cancer cells being shed into the peritoneal cavity by the tumor. (medscape.com)
Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) en face. (medscape.com)
In patients with tumor fever, diseases commonly detected by 18 F-FDG PET include Hodgkin's disease and aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but also colorectal cancer and sarcoma. (snmjournals.org)
Malignancies2
The most common category of nonmesotheliomatous cancer to involve the pleura is represented by extrapleural primary malignancies that secondarily involve the pleura via metastatic spread. (medscape.com)
The 3 major categories that account for most FUOs are infections, malignancies, and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. (snmjournals.org)
Primary2
Primary peritoneal carcinomas originate from the cells lining the peritoneum. (medscape.com)
Primary peritoneal cancer has been linked to certain variants of BRCA1/2 . (medscape.com)
Secondary2
Secondary peritoneal carcinomas usually invade locally or metastasize into the peritoneum from adjacent or remote organs. (medscape.com)
Myasthenia gravis accounts for 25-30% of the secondary cases.10,20,21 In some cases of myasthenia gravis, regurgitation and weight loss may be the only presenting signs of the disease, whereas in most other cases of acquired secondary megaesophagus regurgitation is but one of many clinical signs including peripheral muscle weakness. (canine-megaesophagus.com)
Contrast2
Upper GI image obtained during the single contrast enhancement portion shows an incidentally found mass. (medscape.com)
Patients with chiasma tic-hypothalamic low-grade glioma (CHLGG) have frequent MRI s with gadolinium -based contrast agent s (GBCA) for disease monitoring . (neurosurgery.directory)
Common2
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an uncommon disease in the majority of the world despite being the most common and aggressive malignancy of the biliary tree. (hindawi.com)
The reader may thus savor the diversity of outlook and attitude prevailing among NIH scientists, while noting that such di- versity in no way inhibits pursuit of the common goal of understanding and mastering disease processes. (nih.gov)