Metabolite of ethanol metabolism acetaldehyde. Medical search. Frequent questions

The shared metabolic rate-limiting steps thus leads to slowed metabolism and clearance for both compounds including ethanol's known toxic metabolite acetaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
Ethanol, a main component of alcoholic drinks, is a psychoactive substance with toxic and dependence-producing properties," said Maccioni. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In both cases, there is a reduction of k 2 in Equation 1, resulting in a failure to clear acetaldehyde from the blood as rapidly as it is formed, allowing its concentration to reach toxic levels. (justia.com)
However, although these mechanisms may play a role in selected patients, most evidence in the literature indicates that the effects of alcohol on the myocardium are independent of these factors and that the effect is a direct toxic result of ethanol or its metabolites. (medscape.com)
The toxic effects of the treatment were associated with the injection volume and may be related to ethanol-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction and transient right ventricular dysfunction. (jmedscindmc.com)
Acetaldehyde is a toxic intermediate metabolite that contributes to the harsh alcohol-related side effects of nausea and burning. (thebeerexchange.io)
The metabolite formed in this process is called Acetaldehyde which is toxic and causes nausea, headaches, flushing, and many alcohol-related disorders. (parentsmaster.com)
There is increasing evidence that a majorpart of the tumour-promoting action of alcohol might be mediatedvia its first, toxic and carcinogenic metabolite acetaldehyde. (hippokratia.gr)
There is truth to this old tale, insomuch as consuming more alcohol can slow the conversion of ethanol into its toxic metabolites. (mdlinx.com)
AdhE loss of function could mitigate ethanol stress by reducing intracellular levels of ethanol and its highly toxic precursor, acetaldehyde. (researchgate.net)
Hepatotoxicity caused by ethanol is primarily caused by toxic byproducts of its metabolism, which cause oxidative stress [1]. (fortunepublish.com)

Metabolism of ethanol in the human body is a two-step process (Equation 1), mediated by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). (justia.com)
For example, acetaldehydemia-related facial flushing after light drinking, or upon administration of ethanol-containing pharmaceutical compositions, is experienced by individuals possessing inactive or inefficient aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). (justia.com)
However, potentiation of ethanol's effects may simply be caused by competition for the alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes with co-administered 1,4-butanediol. (alchetron.com)
Cyclic expression of class I alcohol dehydrogenase in male rats treated with ethanol. (adicciones.es)
In the early stage, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes catalyze the breakdown of alcohol into acetaldehyde. (thebeerexchange.io)
In the second stage, the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) continues to break down acetaldehyde into acetic acid, which the body can either utilize or excrete. (thebeerexchange.io)
In this phase, another liver cell enzyme called Acetaldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) is used to metabolize acetaldehyde into acetic acid. (parentsmaster.com)
During social drinking, defined here as an average of two standard drinks, the body typically processes the ingested alcohol with no deleterious effects through a process called oxidative conversion, during which the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) converts alcohol into the toxin acetaldehyde. (nih.gov)
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) then converts acetaldehyde into acetate. (nih.gov)
Ethanol is metabolized into acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and then into acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). (huffpost.com)
Intracellular formation of acetaldehyde from ethanol is produced in the epithelial cells by mucosalalcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), however much higher levels derive from microbialoxidation of ethanol by the oral microflora. (hippokratia.gr)
The major alcohol metabolism pathway is through oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (springer.com)
This reaction results in the production of acetaldehyde, a carcinogenic compound, which is enzymatically reduced to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) [ 12 ]. (springer.com)
Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase convert alcohol to the hazardous intermediates acetaldehyde and acetate, respectively. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Variation in genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of alcohol dehydrogenase or aldehyde dehydrogenase has been shown to influence the risk of alcohol dependence. (psychscenehub.com)
A liver enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol into acetaldehyde and acetate. (recoveryohio.org)
The ET strain has a G609D variant in Cphy3925 AdhE, a putative acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). (researchgate.net)
To augment ethanol production by the ET strain, an alternative ethanol production pathway comprised of pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhB) from Zymomonas mobilis (Fig. 4A) was transferred into C. phytofermentans on the replicating pQexpE plasmid (Fig. 4B). (researchgate.net)
Alcohol dehydrogenase converts ethanol to acetaldehyde, which is then oxidized to acetate by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase [3-6]. (fortunepublish.com)

The buildup of acetaldehyde in the liver-while ethanol is converted first to acetaldehyde and then to acetic acid-is a major reason for ethanol's liver toxicity and the nausea and vomiting caused by excessive consumption. (promedwellness.com)
The main second phase is to convert the metabolite i.e. acetaldehyde into acetic acid. (parentsmaster.com)
The acetaldehyde is broken down into acetic acid and then to carbon dioxide and water. (guenael-parolier.fr)
Acetate, the ionized form of acetic acid, is a critical metabolite in fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Ethanol is the principal psychoactive constituent in alcoholic beverages, which are usually consumed with the specific intent of experiencing some of ethanol's effects on the central nervous system. (justia.com)
Some of the adverse effects of alcohol are thought to be caused, not by the ethanol itself, but by ethanol's first metabolite, acetaldehyde. (huffpost.com)
Ethanol's main metabolite acetaldehyde (AcA) may play a crucial role in head and neck cancers by forming. (who.int)

Blood ethanol levels are also useful in the diagnosis of alcoholism because individuals who habitually use this drug become tolerant. (medscape.com)
This diagnosis is suggested when a person can function in a relatively normal capacity (without evidence of intoxication) with a blood ethanol level greater than 150 mg/dL. (medscape.com)
The results of this study provide a first look at changing gene expression patterns in human blood during an acute rise in blood ethanol concentration and its depletion because of metabolism and excretion, and demonstrate that it is possible to detect changes in gene expression using total RNA isolated from whole blood. (biomedcentral.com)
Significantly, these investigations found that high blood ethanol levels, rather than acetaldehyde levels, were related with acute liver injury as measured by increased serum transaminases and hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
thus, high blood ethanol levels were related with hepatic fatty acid production as well as enhanced lipolysis and adipocyte mortality in epididymis fat. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Ethanol in alcohol is broken down by the liver into a carcinogenic compound called acetaldehyde . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Coming to the function of the Liver, Ethanol is metabolized in 2 stages and the speed of this metabolism differs from one person to another. (parentsmaster.com)
Furthermore, the metabolites from the second phase with the standard ALDH enzyme in the liver cells get out of the body easily. (parentsmaster.com)
Such an organization establishes gradients of oxygen and metabolites and creates a liver zonation. (encyclopedia.pub)
This gut-liver bi-directional connection regulates the intestinal microbiota composition and the integrity of intestinal epithelial and vascular barriers, as well as BA synthesis and composition and lipid metabolism in the liver. (encyclopedia.pub)
In large amounts, alcohol and its metabolites can overwhelm the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and liver and lead to damage both within the GI and in other organs. (nih.gov)
The majority of alcohol metabolism in humans occurs in the liver, in cells called hepatocytes. (nih.gov)
Once in the blood, alcohol moves throughout the entire body and eventually ends up in the liver, where most alcohol metabolism occurs. (guenael-parolier.fr)
When ethanol hits the liver, it's metabolized into the toxin acetaldehyde-one of the main culprits of hangovers as well as liver damage. (mdlinx.com)
The toxicity of prolonged alcohol abuse is diverse and is mostly attributed to oxidative metabolism by the liver. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Furthermore, FAEEs were discovered to raise ER stress measurements in ethanol-challenged primary hepatocytes, suggesting the direct action of adiposederived factors on the liver. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Furthermore, their study is the first to show that FAEEs directly contribute to liver injury via increased ER stress in hepatocytes, which supports prior work on the development of alcohol-associated pancreatitis using binge ethanol with and without FAEEs. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Ethanol, the main component in alcoholic drinks, travels through the small intestine into the liver, where it's broken down or metabolized. (recoveryohio.org)
In rats, liver toxicity was created by giving them a daily dose of ethanol, which caused hepatic derangement and an increase in various liver markers when compared to a control group. (fortunepublish.com)
When compared to controls, ethanol induced liver damage was associated with higher levels of Malondialdehyde levels and Nitrates and Nitrites (NOx) assay, but lower levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. (fortunepublish.com)
It finds that both treatment Dawa-Ul-Kurkum and its extract were helpful in preventing ethanol induced liver damage in rats, as they greatly reduced hepatotoxic damage markers. (fortunepublish.com)
The liver is an important organ that is involved in metabolism, storage, secretion, and detoxification. (fortunepublish.com)
Recent research suggests that ethanol-induced oxidative stress plays a key role in the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease [10-12]. (fortunepublish.com)

It can be seen from Equation 1 that when the rate of the ALDH-catalyzed reaction (k 2 ) is not high enough to keep pace with the rate of the ALD-catalyzed dehydrogenation of ethanol (k 2 ), acetaldehyde will accumulate. (justia.com)
An herbal infusion with hemp seeds, for example, was discovered to boost the activity of ADH while inhibiting ALDH, therefore slowing down the breakdown of acetaldehyde and dragging out the hangover effects. (huffpost.com)
On the other hand, some drinks, including Sprite (known in China as Xue bi) and a type of soda water, were found to have the opposite effect: increasing the activity of ALDH and thus speeding up the breakdown of acetaldehyde. (huffpost.com)

These effects decrease over the course of a few hours, as the ethanol is gradually metabolized by the body into acetyl CoA, a common metabolic product and energy source. (justia.com)
Younger individuals and those with faster metabolic rates generally process alcohol more swiftly, while age and slower metabolism can elongate the time it takes. (thebeerexchange.io)
These include hematological functions, innate immunity and inflammation functions, metabolic functions expected of ethanol metabolism, and pancreatic and hepatic function. (biomedcentral.com)
The standard metabolic rate of ethanol in an average person is about 7 grams per hour. (recoveryohio.org)
Alcohol is broken down in the human body at a rate of about 3.3 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) per hour, depending on an individual's metabolic rate (metabolism).Management of alcohol intoxication involves supportive care. (definitions.net)

Another unfortunate result of acute acetaldehyde toxicity, well known to heavy drinkers, is the hangover. (justia.com)
Thus, Huh-7 may be more vulnerable to ethanol toxicity because of the higher levels of acetaldehyde. (springer.com)
Therapy that target oxidative metabolism of alcohol have poor efficacy and adherence, underscoring gaps in understanding of the complex biology underlying alcohol toxicity and the growing need for alternate therapies for persons with alcohol-induced end-organ damage. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
The cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology addresses this automatically demonstrates acute toxicity of ethanol is caused by ethanol, rather than acetaldehyde, via novel non-oxidative metabolites of fatty acid ethyl esters. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Although it is unclear what additional pathophysiological roles FAEEs play in acute and chronic ethanol toxicity in other organs, these findings warrant additional study in this area. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
In addition to the toxicity of ethanol, the main psychoactive component of alcoholic beverages, other physiological symptoms may arise from the activity of acetaldehyde, a metabolite of alcohol. (definitions.net)

Other potential contributions include pectinolytic activity, which could aid juice clarification and the ability to break down acetaldehyde, even when bound to SO 2 , reducing the need for SO 2 additions during winemaking. (frontiersin.org)

Candidate genes showing distinctive expression patterns in response to ethanol were clustered by pattern and further analyzed for related function, pathway membership and common transcription factor binding within and across clusters. (biomedcentral.com)
Another alcohol metabolism pathway, the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS), handles a small portion of alcohol metabolism in social drinkers but a significant portion of alcohol metabolism when the body needs to process larger amounts of alcohol. (nih.gov)
Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the difference in the waterlogging tolerance among the three wheat varieties was related to the abundance of key genes involved in the glycolysis pathway, the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, and the lactose metabolism pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
Ethanol pathway engineering. (researchgate.net)
Together, these enzymes couple decarboxylation of pyruvate to ethanol with the oxidation of NADH and thus represent an alternative to the AdhE ethanol formation pathway. (researchgate.net)

The gastrointestinal tract is in contact with the highest amount of ethanol and its metabolites during alcohol consumption. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The Breathalyzer, a common breath testing product, can use electrical currents to measure the amount of ethanol in your breath. (recoveryohio.org)

Fluid intake is crucial for flushing out alcohol and other drug metabolites. (guenael-parolier.fr)
You can consume an average of 7 to 8 pints of water per day to keep you hydrated and deduce the drug metabolites. (guenael-parolier.fr)
The lab-based tests might identify the drug metabolites from 1 to 3 weeks before consumption. (erosso-design.com)

In anaerobic organisms (those that do not use oxygen), or under low-oxygen conditions, pyruvate can be reduced into other molecules, such as lactate or ethanol, in a process called fermentation. (stemcelldaily.com)

The enzymatic conversion of ethanol produced by the physiological oral microflora may lead to accumulation of increased levels of the carcinogenic intermediate acetaldehyde 2,12,13 . (hippokratia.gr)

Both steps in the metabolism of ethanol, mentioned above, and the conversion of THC into 11-OH-THC involve oxidation (though ethanol is not oxidized specifically by cytochrome P450). (promedwellness.com)
This enzyme fastens the alcohol oxidation and converts it into Acetaldehyde. (parentsmaster.com)

N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant available as an over-the-counter supplement, appears to decrease the symptoms of hangover by reducing the nasty byproducts of alcohol (ethanol). (mdlinx.com)
Alcohol testing methods may detect ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS), two metabolites, or byproducts, of alcohol. (recoveryohio.org)

Several messengers, including dietary metabolites, bile acids, antimicrobial peptides and microbial associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), are exchanged and required for intestinal and hepatic homeostasis, as well as host physiology in general. (encyclopedia.pub)

Cytochrome P450 enzymes contribute to the metabolism of drugs by oxidizing them, which generally means incorporating an oxygen atom into the drug's molecular structure. (promedwellness.com)
This mechanism is saturable at essentially typical drink levels, resulting in the overexpression of cytochrome P-450 2E 1 (CYP 2 E 1 ), whose oxidative metabolism of ethanol also generates acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species such as superoxide. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
Metabolism of chloroform occurs primarily by cytochrome p-450-dependent pathways, with CYP2E1 (ethanol-inducible) being the primary isozyme responsible (Wang et al. (cdc.gov)
When ethanol is taken in excess, it is converted mostly to acetaldehyde by the enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1), which is implicated in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [7-9]. (fortunepublish.com)

As part of civil aviation safety research into aeromedical factors impacting flight safety, we have undertaken a time course study on the effects of acute ethanol exposure to the legal intoxication level of blood alcohol concentration (BAC), 0.08 g/dL (0.08% wt/vol), on human gene expression in non-chronic users. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, high-fat diet feeding combined with acute ethanol binge had the most pronounced effect of elevating serum transaminases and acetaldehyde levels compared with binge or high-fat diet challenge alone, thus confirming the aforementioned comorbidity of obesity in humans that take in binge drinking compared the effects of intragastric and intraperitoneal injection of ethanol in wild-type mice to the effects of intraperitoneal administration of acetaldehyde in wild-type mice. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate are minor metabolites of ethanol that can be used to help identify recent ethanol exposure, even after ethanol is no longer measurable. (guenael-parolier.fr)

This means that the body's metabolism of THC can make it more potent. (promedwellness.com)
This inquiry delves into the intricate interplay of metabolism, alcohol absorption, and the body's recovery process. (thebeerexchange.io)
Specifically, they theorized that certain drinks could impact the body's metabolism of alcohol in a way that would help alleviate hangover symptoms. (huffpost.com)

Ethanol, for example, owes some of its effects, including much of the hangover, to its two-step metabolism. (promedwellness.com)
So, a good hangover remedy is one that would decrease the amount of time that the body is exposed to acetaldehyde. (mdlinx.com)
The investigators attribute red ginseng's antioxidant effects to improving alcohol metabolism and relieving hangover symptoms. (mdlinx.com)

Recent biochemical and epidemiological findings strongly suggest that acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, plays an important role in alcohol-related carcinogenesis in the UADT consisting oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus 5-8 . (hippokratia.gr)

Improved oral hygiene can effectively decrease the level of salivary acetaldehyde production in oral cavity. (hippokratia.gr)
Despite strong epidemiological evidence, the mechanisms of ethanol carcinogenicity in the oral cavity remain unclear. (who.int)

Extremely high concentrations of ethanol and its metabolites significantly increase the risk of gastrointestinal diseases and cancers," he told Medical News Today . (medicalnewstoday.com)
High acute concentrations of acetaldehyde in vivo (acetaldehydemia) can lead to undesirable effects such as cardiovascular complications, drowsiness, nausea, headache, asthma and facial flushing, while chronic acetaldehydemia can lead to cirrhosis and esophageal cancer. (justia.com)
Regardless of the route of exposure, chloroform is excreted from the body primarily as expired carbon dioxide, although at higher concentrations, where metabolism is saturated, appreciable levels of parent compound may be exhaled as well (Brown et al. (cdc.gov)

Over many years, several theories have arisen based on clinical and scientific data obtained in human and animal studies, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, derangements of fatty acid metabolism/transport, and accelerated protein catabolism. (medscape.com)

Oxidative stress is one of the key mechanisms of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. (fortunepublish.com)

The present invention is generally related to compositions and methods that diminish the negative side effects associated with the consumption of ethanol. (justia.com)
Another means by which ethanol consumption may result in acetaldehydemia is by excessively rapid metabolism of ethanol (i.e., by increasing k 1 in Equation 1). (justia.com)
THC metabolites contribute significantly to the effects of cannabis consumption. (promedwellness.com)
Unlike acetaldehyde, acetate is innocuous and may even be responsible for some of the positive health benefits of alcohol consumption. (huffpost.com)
Acetaldehyde has been implicated as a major factor in oral carcinogenesis associated with alcohol consumption. (hippokratia.gr)
Acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO, CAS # 75-07-0) is a metabolite of ethanol which comprises in the human body after the consumption of alcoholic beverages 9-11 . (hippokratia.gr)

A subsequent clinical trial, however, found that 25mg of orally administered CBD significantly blocked the metabolism of an anti-epileptic drug. (promedwellness.com)
According to the results of this study, the significantly higher levels of salivary acetaldehyde production in oral cancer patients and individuals with poor dental health status may suggest a possible link between increased salivary acetaldehyde production and oral cancer. (hippokratia.gr)

Or metabolism can entail breaking down a compound into a more basic molecule that the body then uses. (promedwellness.com)
Pharmacokinetics (from Greek pharmakon - medicine, kineo - move) Pharmacokinetics is the part of pharmacology that deals with compound absorbtion, distribution in the body, storage, metabolism and exretion. (present5.com)

A previous study reported an ethanol-tolerant C. thermocellum strain with AdhE mutations (P704L and H735R) that shifted the cofactor specificity from NADH to NADPH, which was proposed to confer ethanol resistance by altering the internal redox balance (9). (researchgate.net)
To deter- mine the effect of the G609D mutation on Cphy3925 enzyme activity, we purified WT and ET versions of the enzyme (Fig. 3A) and tested their in vitro catalysis of the two-step, bidirectional reactions converting acetyl-CoA to ethanol using either NADH or NADPH cofactors. (researchgate.net)

He was a world-renowned scientist with expertise in cellular energy metabolism. (nih.gov)

Based on Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis Pathways at SGD and on Kruckeberg, AL and Dickinson, JR (2004) Carbon Metabolism in The Metabolism and Molecular Physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Dickinson, JR and Schweizer, M, eds, CRC Press. (wikipathways.org)

Objectives I. Pharmacokinetics Absorption Bioavailability Distribution Drug metabolism Excretion II. (present5.com)
Pharmacokinetics Drug Movement in the Body Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion. (present5.com)

Specifically, alcohol and its metabolites promote intestinal inflammation through multiple pathways. (nih.gov)

The tissue dose is the amount of substance in a specific tissue and the target dose is the amount of substance (usually a metabolite) bound to the critical molecule. (iloencyclopaedia.org)

and (3) the systemic circulation that distributes dietary metabolites, free fatty acids, ethanol and choline metabolites to the intestine across blood capillaries ( Figure 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)

As part of the civil aviation safety program to define the adverse effects of ethanol on flying performance, we performed a DNA microarray analysis of human whole blood samples from a five-time point study of subjects administered ethanol orally, followed by breathalyzer analysis, to monitor blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to discover significant gene expression changes in response to the ethanol exposure. (biomedcentral.com)

To convert serum ethanol level to BAC, move the decimal point 3 places to the left. (medscape.com)
Example, a 100 mg/dL serum ethanol level is equivalent to a 0.10 (g/dL) BAC, or 0.10% (weight/volume). (medscape.com)

1990). Interspecies differences in the rate of chloroform conversion were observed in mice, rats, and squirrel monkeys, with species differences in metabolism being highly dose-dependant. (cdc.gov)

Ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde can alter fetal development by disrupting cellular differentiation and growth, disrupting DNA and protein synthesis and inhibiting cell migration. (medscape.com)
Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences is essential reading for alcohol therapists and researchers as well as primary care physicians and dietitians and is an easy reference to help the clinician, student, and dietitian comprehend the complex changes caused by direct and indirect effects of ethanol at the cellular level via its nutritional modification. (nshealth.ca)

While researchers state the complete physical process of how alcohol-associated bowel disease happens is not entirely understood, they believe it involves the metabolism of ethanol and the metabolites acetaldehyde and acetate it creates. (medicalnewstoday.com)

The study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that butane-1,4-diol coadministered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
One should note that the study arrived at this conclusion based on the finding that 1,4-butanediol co-administered with ethanol led to potentiation of some of the behavioral effects of ethanol. (alchetron.com)
Quintanilla ME, Rivera-Meza M, Berr?os-C?rcamo P, Cassels BK, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. (R)-Salsolinol, a product of ethanol metabolism, stereospecifically induces behavioral sensitization and leads to excessive alcohol intake. (jefferson.edu)

10] V. A. Boumba, N. Kourkoumelis, P. Gousia, V. Economou, C. Papadopoulou, & T. Vougiouklakis, Modeling Microbial Ethanol Production By E. Coli under Aerobic/Anaerobic Conditions: Applicability to Real Postmortem Cases and to Postmortem Blood Derived Microbial Cultures. (mrforum.com)

Both ethanol and acetaldehyde modify the intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. (medscape.com)
Acetate is generated from the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, and ethanol. (sigmaaldrich.com)

It is well established that acetaldehyde is the culprit in hangovers and in alcohol-induced facial flushing, and it is the principal suspect in alcohol-associated cancers as well vide infra. (justia.com)

Well, the alcohol metabolism and breakdown process takes place in several steps after alcohol enters the body. (parentsmaster.com)

Although acetaldehyde is eventually broken down into acetate , and then water and carbon dioxide are expelled by the body, it can still have damaging effects before that happens. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The current study was highly thorough, and the study should be commended for their extensive and original work proving the harmful effects of ethanol in a binge drinking scenario. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms2

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs21

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Psychiatry and Psychology3

Phenomena and Processes12

Toxic11

Dehydrogenase19

Acetic4

Ethanol's3

Blood ethanol5

Liver18

ALDH3

Metabolic5

Toxicity6

Break down acetaldehyde1

Pathway5

Amount of ethanol2

Drug metabolites3

Pyruvate1

Conversion of ethanol1

Oxidation2

Byproducts2

Hepatic1

Cytochrome4

Acute ethanol2

Ethyl1

Body's3

Hangover3

Biochemical1

Oral cavity2

Concentrations3

Dysfunction1

Oxidative stress1

Consumption6

Significantly2

Compound2

Nadh2

Energy metabolism1

Glycolysis1

Excretion2

Inflammation1

Bound1

Dietary1

Exposure1

Serum2

Rats1

Cellular2

Involves1

Behavioral3

Microbial1

Carbohydrates2

Hangovers1

Breakdown1

Effects2