• The KRAS gene encodes a small GTPase (Guanosine TriPhosphatases) that plays a key role in signaling pathways associated with important proteins involved in amplifying growth factor and receptor signals. (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression levels of JAK3, STAT5a and STAT5b proteins and phosphorylated proteins were detected by Western-blot. (bvsalud.org)
  • Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of cyclinD1, CDK2, Bcl2, β-catenin and phosphorylation of the key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Note that by convention gene names are italicized and the proteins they make are not. (cancerquest.org)
  • Although genetics have played a dominant role in cancer research, epigenetics (heritable changes in gene function that do not involve alterations in DNA sequence) has become equally important in this field. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A retrospective study by Keh et al of 61 patients found 75.4% of solitary thyroid nodules to have a neoplastic pathology and 34.4% to be malignant. (medscape.com)
  • By controlling this transcriptional program, ΔNp63 sustains the epithelial growth factor receptor (EGF-R) activation and the expression of ABCC1 multidrug transporter gene, thus contributing to tumor cell proliferation and chemoresistance. (torvergata.it)
  • Among the genes that remain deregulated during remission, we identify several that are expressed by epithelial cells and are involved in epithelial cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and response to stress. (bmj.com)
  • The first primary objective (descriptive) is to determine the prevalence of biological characteristics in OMD derived from gastrointestinal tract neoplasms, including high genetic concordance between primary tumors and metastases, a significant infiltration of T lymphocytes, and the absence of clonal evolution favoring specific driver genes (KRAS and PIK3CA). (bvsalud.org)
  • Human AKR genes also regulate retinoid, prostaglandin, and steroid hormone metabolism and can regulate the local concentrations of ligands available for nuclear receptors (NRs). (nih.gov)
  • Activated CREB stimulates the expression of genes such as c-fos, somatostatin, and corticotropin-releasing hormone that regulate cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation, cellular survival, and angiogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • EP4 also interacts with Prostaglandin E receptor 4-associated protein (EPRAP) to inhibit phosphorylation of the proteasome protein, p105, thereby suppressing a cells ability to activate nuclear factor kappa B, a transcription factor that controls genes coding for cytokines and other elements that regulate inflammation, cell growth, and cell survival (see NF-κB#Structure). (wikipedia.org)
  • MiRNAs participate in controlling cancer cell metabolism by regulating the expression of genes whose protein products either directly regulate metabolic machinery or indirectly modulate the expression of metabolic enzymes, serving as master regulators. (edu.au)
  • Here, we unveiled a ΔNp63-dependent transcriptional program able to regulate the metabolism and the signaling of hyaluronic acid (HA), the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). (torvergata.it)
  • The research team found that the Ron and DEK genes can regulate certain metabolites, substances made or used when the body breaks down food, drugs or chemicals in the process of metabolism, to help cancer cells grow and spread. (eurekalert.org)
  • Recent advances in understanding the role that epigenetics plays in cancer pathogenesis and understanding the mechanisms through which these processes regulate gene expression have stimulated considerable interest in developing clinically viable antineoplastic agents that target enzymatic components of transcriptional regulatory complexes responsible for the establishment of pathologic epigenetic modifications that lead to deregulated gene expression in cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Objective:To detect the expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2)/Janus kinase 3/signal transduction and transcriptional activator 5 (JAK3/STAT5) signaling pathway in peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and explore its mechanism in the development and progression of AS.Methods:Clinical data, peripheral blood and laboratory tests of 30 patients with active AS (ASA), 30 patients with stable AS (ASS) and 50 healthy subjects (HC) were collected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Altogether, our data shed light on a ΔNp63-dependent pathway functionally important to the regulation of HNSCC progression. (torvergata.it)
  • However, in some cases, such as breast cancer and lymphoma, its high expression level correlates with aggressive subtypes of cancer, suggesting that galectin-7 may have a dual role in cancer progression. (hal.science)
  • Of the 30,000 or so genes that are currently thought to exist in the human genome , there is a small subset that seems to be particularly important in the prevention, development, and progression of cancer. (cancerquest.org)
  • Waltz said the collaboration with Wells' lab began around 15 years ago, as both research groups were studying different oncogenes, or genes that help accelerate cancer cell growth, called Ron and DEK. (eurekalert.org)
  • The normal versions of genes in the first group are called proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • The mutated or otherwise damaged versions of these genes are called oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • We have two copies of each gene and for oncogenes, a single defective copy is enough to cause a cell to divide. (cancerquest.org)
  • Numerous genes have been identified as proto-oncogenes. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • Unexpectedly, a concomitant decrease in basal level of base excision repair, a major route for repairing oxidative DNA damage, was observed at the levels of both gene expression and protein activity. (cnr.it)
  • It is shown that reactive oxygen species metabolism and oxidative stress responsive genes are deregulated. (nature.com)
  • Glucose is the major substrate for ATP synthesis through glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), whereas intermediary metabolism through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle utilizes non-glucose-derived monocarboxylates, amino acids, and alpha ketoacids to support mitochondrial ATP and GTP synthesis. (molvis.org)
  • The overexpression of AKR genes as components of the 'smoking gene' battery raises the issue as to whether this is part of a smoking stress response or acquired susceptibility to lung cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, we found that overexpression of galectin-7 increased the resistance of melanoma cells to apoptosis while inducing de novo egr-1 expression. (hal.science)
  • Upon cytokine stimulation, STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) is transient, while in diverse neoplastic cells persistent overexpression and enhanced pYSTAT5 are frequently found. (nature.com)
  • Transcriptomically, either iASPP deletion or p53 mutation in the KRASG12D background altered the expression of an extensively overlapping gene set, comprised primarily of NF-κB and AP1-regulated inflammatory genes. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Whereas pig normal skin displayed a discrete TN-C signal at the dermo-epidermal junction, around blood vessels and hair bulbs, the swine tumour showed enhanced expression of TN-C in these areas and around stromal and tumour cells. (nih.gov)
  • Given the strong link between the regulation of some of these genes and the growth and dissemination of gastrointestinal cancers, we believe their aberrant expression in UC may provide a mechanism for epithelial hyper-proliferation and, in the context of malignant transformation, for tumour growth. (bmj.com)
  • Different regulatory mechanisms can control miRNA expression at the genetic or epigenetic level, thus affecting the biogenetic machinery via recruitment of specific transcription factors. (edu.au)
  • Expression of nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondria-associated adenylate kinase, and several mitochondria-associated creatine kinase isozymes was highest in the outer retina, whereas expression of cytosolic adenylate kinase and brain creatine kinase was higher in the cones, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells indicating the diversity of ATP-buffering strategies among retinal neurons. (molvis.org)
  • Further, we correlated γ-H2AX expression in breast cancer tumor tissues with telomere length.RESULTS: γ-H2AX positive breast cancer cells exhibit more mutations, and - when p53 mutated - have shorter telomeres. (rug.nl)
  • About 70% of breast cancers have mutations in genes that affect the PI3K signaling pathway. (bestpureessentialoils.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • ALL cancers have lots of additional changes, the so-called 'passenger' mutations, that may contribute to the cancer, but are not the main genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Although pheochromocytomas have classically been associated with 3 syndromes-von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2), and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-there are now 10 genes that have been identified as sites of mutations leading to these tumors. (medscape.com)
  • X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets are the result of mutations in PHEX (a phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome) and dentin matrix protein 1 ( DMP1 ), respectively. (medscape.com)
  • Neuroblastomas with poor prognosis are often characterized by 1p36 deletion, containing the kinesin gene KIF1B. (nus.edu.sg)
  • The expression of the identified long noncoding RNAs was downregulated in cancer tissue samples compared with normal tissue samples, and these long noncoding RNAs correlated with a favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients and the patients in the pancancer cohort. (cancerindex.org)
  • Using the recently described MeLiM miniature pig model of heritable cutaneous malignant melanoma, we studied the expression of two ECM glycoproteins, the tenascin-C (TN-C) and tenascin-X (TN-X), in normal skin and melanoma. (nih.gov)
  • In the present work, we investigated the expression and function of galectin-7 in melanoma. (hal.science)
  • An analysis of datasets obtained from whole-genome profiling of human melanoma tissues revealed that galectin-7 mRNA was detected in more than 90% of biopsies of patients with nevi while its expression was more rarely found in biopsies collected from patients with malignant melanoma. (hal.science)
  • NAC, an antioxidant, affects energy metabolism similarly, so the researchers expected it would have similar effects in cancer cells as NF1 loss. (bestpureessentialoils.com)
  • Our goals were twofold: 1) to characterize the gene expression, protein expression, and activity of key synthesizing and regulating enzymes of energy metabolism in the whole mouse retina, retinal compartments, and/or cells and 2) to provide an integrative analysis of the results related to function. (molvis.org)
  • The PTGER4 gene is located on human chromosome 5p13.1 at position p13.1 (i.e. 5p13.1), contains 7 exons, and codes for a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) of the rhodopsin-like receptor family, Subfamily A14 (see rhodopsin-like receptors#Subfamily A14). (wikipedia.org)
  • Expression of melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptors, and ROR alpha(1) receptor in transplantable murine Colon 38 cancer. (nel.edu)
  • Karasek M, Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero J, Winczyk K, Pawlikowski M. Expression of melatonin MT(1) and MT(2) receptors, and ROR alpha(1) receptor in transplantable murine Colon 38 cancer. (nel.edu)
  • A diagram showing the major cancer genes for some cancers. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products can directly or indirectly prevent cell division or lead to cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The identification of galectin-7 as a p53-induced gene and its ability to induce apoptosis in many cell types support the hypothesis that galectin-7 has strong antitumor activity. (hal.science)
  • Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. (bmj.com)
  • Apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels were further quantified using real-time PCR and Western blotting. (medscimonit.com)
  • The glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1) gene encodes a key rate-limiting factor in glucose transport into cancer cells. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • HER2/neu (also called ERB B2 ) is the gene that encodes the human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2. (cancerquest.org)
  • Next, the expression model, prognostic roles, potential biological functions and epigenetic regulation of tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs were investigated and validated in the breast cancer and pancancer cohorts. (cancerindex.org)
  • 2016. Sulforaphane modulates telomerase activity via epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer cell lines. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • 2011. Dietary factors and epigenetic regulation for prostate cancer prevention. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray of 152 HCC cases revealed a significant correlation between Glut1 protein expression levels and a higher Ki-67 labeling index, advanced tumor stages, and poor differentiation. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Hypoxic conditions further increased GLUT1 expression levels in HCC cells, and this induction was dependent on the activation of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Activation of ERK induces expression of EGR1, a transcription factor which controls transcription of genes involved in cellular differentiation and mitogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mRNA expression levels of JAK3, signal transduction and transcription activator 5a (STAT5a) and signal transduction and transcription activator 5b (STAT5b) were detected by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that O-GlcNAcylation and tyrosine phosphorylation act together to trigger pYSTAT5 levels and oncogenic transcription in neoplastic cells. (nature.com)
  • These events are dependent on the proper levels of transcription and translation of certain genes. (cancerquest.org)
  • Among all the human genes regulated by the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, they are consistently the most overexpressed in response to Nrf2 activators. (nih.gov)
  • Importantly, p63 expression is positively correlated with CD44, HAS3, and ABCC1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma datasets and p63-HA pathway is a negative prognostic factor of HNSCC patient survival. (torvergata.it)
  • These conditions may result in failure of osteoid calcification (rickets) in children because of a disruption in the pathway of either vitamin D or phosphate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
  • Central to the epigenetic control of gene expression is the histone code through which input signals can be translated into a heritable pattern of gene expression defining cellular output states ( Fig. 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • These genes participate in biological functions such as cellular growth, movement, assembly and organisation, as well as in fatty acid and protein metabolism. (bmj.com)
  • The homeostatic regulation of cellular ATP is achieved by the coordinated activity of ATP utilization, synthesis, and buffering. (molvis.org)
  • Confocal studies showed differential cellular and compartmental distribution of isozymes involved in glucose, glutamate, glutamine, lactate, and creatine metabolism. (molvis.org)
  • Conclusions Analysis of the gene signature associated with remission allowed us to unravel pathways permanently deregulated in UC despite histological recovery. (bmj.com)
  • Altered metabolism is a common property of cancer cells that exhibit enhanced capacity to 'ferment' glucose to pyruvate and then lactate, even in the presence of sufficient oxygen to support mitochondrial metabolism. (edu.au)
  • The mRNA expression of PLEKHA4 was detected by PCR in glioma samples and controls and in glioma cells treated with lactic acid and glucose. (bvsalud.org)
  • 16 Cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of O-GlcNAc, possibly to adjust to stringent metabolic demands and O-GlcNAcylation is a key metabolic regulator of glucose metabolism. (nature.com)
  • We identified the microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-221 and miR-222 (miR-221/222) as basal-like subtype-specific miRNAs and showed that expression of miR-221/222 decreased expression of epithelial-specific genes and increased expression of mesenchymal-specific genes, and increased cell migration and invasion in a manner characteristic of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (nih.gov)
  • We found significantly higher GLUT1 mRNA expression levels in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with primary human hepatocytes and matched nontumor tissue. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Spearman correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis between variables, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of JAK3, STAT5a and STAT5b mRNA expression levels in monitoring AS activity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The significance of loss of GCC ligands early in intestinal tumorigenesis remains obscure because (patho)physiological roles of GCC signaling in intestine, beyond regulation of intestinal fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, are poorly defined. (jefferson.edu)
  • This opposite regulation of TN-C and TN-X RNAs was confirmed at the protein level by indirect immunofluorescence. (nih.gov)
  • The results documented that HIF-1α may have a direct or indirect synergistic effect on Ngb expression in the yak telencephalon to improve hypoxia adaptation. (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression of a mutated hyperactive gain-of-function (GOF) STAT5 without O-GlcNAcylation resulted in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation, oligomerization and transactivation potential and complete loss of oncogenic transformation capacity. (nature.com)
  • Transcriptomic analysis on 72 h-exposed fetal testis explants revealed 187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including genes involved in steroid synthesis and toxic substance response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Together with the uniform over-expression of GCC in human tumors, and the standard of care in which hormone deficiencies are treated by replacement therapy, the role of GCC as a tumor suppressor underscores the potential of oral administration of GCC ligands for targeted prevention and therapy of colorectal cancer. (jefferson.edu)
  • The metabolism of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and related compounds is required for urinary and biliary excretion, and the rate of metabolism is thought to play a major role in regulating the rate of elimination (and detoxification) of these compounds (Van den Berg et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Elimination of GCC expression in mice (GCC-/-) increased crypt length along a decreasing rostral-caudal gradient by disrupting component homeostatic processes. (jefferson.edu)
  • We found that ΔNp63 is capable of sustaining the production of HA levels in cell culture and in vivo by regulating the expression of the HA synthase HAS3 and two hyaluronidase genes, HYAL-1 and HYAL-3. (torvergata.it)
  • We determined the expression of components of the ECS in the human fetal testis from 6 to 17 developmental weeks and assessed the direct effects of phytocannabinoids Δ9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on the testis morphology and cell functions ex vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Some of the estrogenic contaminants of technical grade methoxychlor are the same as those formed by metabolism in vivo (Bulger et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, modulation of the level of miRNAs may provide a new approach for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. (edu.au)
  • Defective gene expression of the membrane complement inhibitor CD46 in patients with progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy. (edu.pl)
  • Here, we showed that XAF1 low expression correlates with poor survival and disease status. (nus.edu.sg)
  • Downregulation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells correlates with rDNA promoter hypermethylation. (wroc.pl)
  • They also play determinant roles in 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone metabolism to R- and S-4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. (nih.gov)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • The current research focused on the role of metabolic plasticity, or how metabolism in the body is constantly changing, which plays a significant role in how cancer grows and recurs. (eurekalert.org)
  • Accordingly, suppression of GLUT1 expression by siRNA significantly impaired both the growth and migratory potential of HCC cells. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • On a functional level, proneural CSC lines caused a significantly stronger TGF-beta-dependent suppression of NKG2D expression on CD8(+) T and NK cells in vitro providing a mechanistic explanation for the reduced immune infiltration of proneural GBMs. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The larger the gene name, the more frequently that gene is defective in that cancer type. (cancerquest.org)
  • This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Further, we correlated γ-H2AX expression in breast cancer tumor tissues with telomere length. (rug.nl)
  • However, its expression level and functional significance in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are still disputed. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • We know that Ron and DEK as genes are very important in predicting breast cancer recurrence, but there's not great drugs yet that can target at least DEK right now. (eurekalert.org)
  • Our metabolism is ever-changing based on how we are designed genetically and also based on what we ingest and are exposed to," said Wells, professor in the UC Department of Pediatrics, director of the Epithelial Carcinogenesis and Stem Cell Program at Cincinnati Children's and a Cancer Center member. (eurekalert.org)
  • And cancer cells love a certain metabolism that is called a cancer metabolism and promotes cancer formation and spread. (eurekalert.org)
  • Hopefully someday we can treat these worst features of cancer by targeting cancer metabolism. (eurekalert.org)
  • O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 could be required for nutrient sensing and metabolism of cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • The phytochemical 3,3'-diindolylmethane decreases expression of AR-controlled DNA damage repair genes through repressive chromatin modifications and is associated with DNA damage in prostate cancer cells. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These genes have been found to be either malfunctioning or non-functioning in many different kinds of cancer. (cancerquest.org)