Metabolism enzyme genes risk factors. Medical search. Frequent questions

One such gene is the ADH1B gene, which encodes an enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism. (matclinics.com)

Additionally, recent studies have shown an association between oesophageal SCC and mutations in genes governing enzymes related to aldehyde metabolism [ 9 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Mutations in genes concerned with production of enzymes for metabolism of tobacco products may lead to increased risk of carcinogenesis with respect to oral mucosa. (bvsalud.org)
however, only 5% to 10% of breast cancers are estimated to be attributable to the inheritance of rare, highly penetrant, germ-line mutations in genes, although this proportion is higher at younger ages of diagnosis. (health.am)

Inhibiting the activity of this enzyme increases the susceptibility to mutations, and damage and aberrant DNA methylation, which alters the gene expression of tumor suppressors and proto-oncogenes, potential risk factors for esophageal cancer. (revistaabcd.org.br)
In head and neck cancer, tobacco exposure and alcohol consumption are predominantly the most significant external factors for tumor formation. (bvsalud.org)
Alteration of the pattern of gene expression by oxidants may function in the stimulation of the initiated cell during tumor promotion. (bvsalud.org)
FUT6 and CGNL1 were downregulated in HNSCC compared with adjacent healthy tissue and the expression levels of these genes were associated with tumor stage. (spandidos-publications.com)
Traditional clinicopathological parameters, such as tumor size, vascular infiltration and tumor node metastasis stage, do not aid in prediction of individual outcomes or determining risk stratification ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
mutations in the gene for the tumor protein p53 (causing Li-Fraumeni syndrome) and in PTEN (causing Cowden disease) account for a small proportion of inherited breast cancers. (health.am)
2012). Our previous study demonstrated that PM2.5 exposure led to hyperglycemia and IR, which were accompanied by hypothalamic inflammation evidenced by increased mRNA levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), Inhibitor kappa B kinase 2 (IKK2), and enhanced microglial/astrocyte reactivity (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)
Cytokines secreted by adipocytes, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and interleukin-6, are implicated in NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
In oral SCC, modern DNA technology, especially allelic imbalance (loss of heterozygosity) studies, have identified chromosomal changes suggestive of the involvement of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), particularly in chromosomes 3, 9, 11, and 17. (medscape.com)

5, 10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) involved in folate metabolism has an important role in a cell for folate availability which is critical for DNA integrity. (scirp.org)
The enzyme methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR, EC 1.5.1.20) is involved in folate metabolism, catalyzing the reduction of 5 - 10 methyl tetrahydrofolate to 5-me- thyltetrahydrofolate, an essential substrate for the methylation of Hcy to methionine. (scirp.org)
The enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase is engaged in DNA synthesis through folate metabolism. (revistaabcd.org.br)

Our ability to assess exposure risk in persons with specific genetic variants was limited due to small numbers. (cdc.gov)
Certain variants of this gene result in a more rapid conversion of alcohol to a toxic byproduct, leading to unpleasant physical effects, such as facial flushing and nausea. (matclinics.com)
A review of studies from 2020 , which looked at a genome-wide analysis of more than 435,000 people, found 29 different genetic variants that increased the risk of problematic drinking. (healthline.com)
Your genetic risk refers to the likelihood that specific genes or genetic variants passed down to you will lead to a particular condition. (healthline.com)
Researchers have identified a new gene whose variants cause hereditary childhood-onset osteoporosis. (regenerativemedicine.net)
A targeted sequencing panel identifies rare damaging variants in multiple genes in the cranial neural tube defect, anencephaly. (cdc.gov)
Dominant negative GPR161 rare variants are risk factors of human spina bifida. (cdc.gov)
however, galactosemia variants are based on the exact gene defect. (medscape.com)

Interindividual differences observed in the metabolism of xenobiotics may be due to polymorphisms of genes encoding the detoxification enzymes. (springeropen.com)
Analysis of polymorphisms of genes associated with folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and neural tube defects in Chinese Han Population. (cdc.gov)

After 3 weeks, we compared body weight, food intake, plasma levels of lipids and glucose, and the expression patterns of the clock genes and the genes involved in lipid metabolism in the liver and WAT. (researchgate.net)
LL eliminated the circadian rhythms of the expression of the clock genes as well as most of the genes involved in lipid metabolism in both liver and WAT. (researchgate.net)
Coronary atherosclerosis is usually considered to be the initial step of CAD [ 6 ], which is due to the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and abnormal accumulation of cholesterol in the subintima layer of the coronary arteries [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Central IKK2 Inhibition Ameliorates Air Pollution-Mediated Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. (deepdyve.com)
We therefore investigated the effects of PM2.5 exposure on insulin resistance and the disorders of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism via hypothalamic inflammation. (deepdyve.com)
Therefore, our current finding indicates an important role of hypothalamic inflammation in PM2.5 exposure-mediated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism disorder. (deepdyve.com)
2007). Emerging evidence from both epidemiological and experimental studies indicates the adverse consequences of PM2.5 exposure on diabetes, including worsening of whole-body insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance impairment, lipid accumulation, and glucose metabolism dysfunction (Hwang et al. (deepdyve.com)
2017). Whether central inhibition of IKK2 could reverse the dysfunction of glucose and lipid metabolism remains unknown. (deepdyve.com)
The genetic basis for elevation in lipid levels is not well understood, but substantial heritability has been demonstrated in twin [ 9 ] and family-based [ 10 - 12 ] studies, which have estimated that approximately 43% to 83% of the variance in blood lipid and lipoprotein levels is attributable to genetic factors. (cdc.gov)
Recent candidate gene studies [ 13 - 16 ], as well as genome-wide association studies [ 17 - 25 ], have identified polymorphisms that account for a portion of the variation in blood lipid levels. (cdc.gov)
Many genes involved in metabolic pathways have been found to contribute to lipid level variability [ 14 , 26 , 27 ]. (cdc.gov)

Polymorphisms in genes that code for enzymes, receptors, or other proteins that act in metabolic pathways of potential relevance to breast cancer may influence the function of these proteins and thus create between-person differences in metabolic activity that may alter risk of breast cancer. (health.am)

Here, we assessed the combined effect of diet composition and feeding time on (1) body composition, (2) energy balance, and (3) circadian expression of hepatic clock and metabolic genes. (researchgate.net)
The manifestations of drug-induced hepatotoxicity are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic elevation of liver enzymes to fulminant hepatic failure. (medscape.com)
Females have a lower activity of certain hepatic enzymes, a higher body fat to water ratio, and a decreased clearance of drugs through the kidneys than men. (buyneurontinonline.com)
Although the treatment did not affect hepatic inflammation or endoplasmic reticulum stress, it inhibited the expression of the enzymes for gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in the liver. (deepdyve.com)
2010), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, impaired hepatic glucose metabolism (Zheng et al. (deepdyve.com)
Das D, Tapryal N, Goswami S.K., Fox P.L, and Mukhopadhyay C.K. Regulation of Ceruloplasmin in human hepatic cells by redox active copper: Identification of a novel AP-1 site in ceruloplasmin gene. (jnu.ac.in)
This review discusses the role of adipokines and PPARs with regard to hepatic energy metabolism and progression of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)

Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed on differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (spandidos-publications.com)

Here evidence implicating omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid deficiency in the pathoaetiology of CHD and MDD is reviewed, and the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a preventable risk factor for CHD comorbidity in MDD patients is evaluated. (hindawi.com)
A rapidly emerging body of evidence suggests that membrane omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid deficiency is a preventable risk factor for both CHD [ 18 ] and MDD [ 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
To evaluate the hypothesis that n-3 fatty acid deficiency is a risk factor for CHD morbidity and mortality in MDD, it is important to consider that the age at onset for unipolar and bipolar depression peaks in young adulthood (15-19 years) [ 24 , 25 ], whereas CHD mortality peaks substantially later (75-84 years) [ 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
Another complicating factor is that among older people, high levels of folic acid can hide a vitamin B12 deficiency leading to anemia, dementia and cognitive impairment. (marnieclark.com)
A deficiency of B2 can increase the risk for many health conditions, including heart disease and cancer. (xcode.life)
People who cut down on meat, fortified foods, and dairy are at an increased risk of riboflavin deficiency. (xcode.life)
Defective regulation of iron homeostasis genes lead to either, iron excess and related tissue injuries due to iron-stimulated oxidative damage or iron deficiency disorders. (jnu.ac.in)
enzyme deficiency or inactivity leads to Accumulation. (msdmanuals.com)

Immune defects or immunosuppression, defects of carcinogen metabolism, or defects in DNA-repair enzymes underlie some cases of SCC. (medscape.com)

Methods: This case-control study conducted in Srinagar, Kashmir (North India) between 2013 and 2015 was designed to evaluate risk induced due to MTH-FR 677C>T gene polymorphisms to contribute in susceptibility for migraine in Kashmir population (North India). (scirp.org)
While environmental factors and personal choices play a significant role in the development of alcoholism, studies have suggested that genetics may also contribute to an individual's susceptibility to this disease. (matclinics.com)
Several genes have been identified that may influence an individual's susceptibility to alcoholism. (matclinics.com)
Microarray analysis might serve as a novel and practical approach to identify susceptibility genes associated with HLP [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
C polymorphisms and esophageal cancer susceptibility risk. (revistaabcd.org.br)
Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and individual risk to development of cancer depends not only on environmental factors or extrinsic exposure to carcinogens but also on genetic susceptibility of an individual. (bvsalud.org)
Individual's susceptibility to cancer may be partly explained by variability in enzymatic activities of metabolic genes. (bvsalud.org)
Factors that influence the tobacco exposed individuals developing a malignancy may thus include a combination of total tobacco exposure and genetic susceptibility of the individual 12 . (bvsalud.org)
Polymorphic genotypes of these enzymes may serve as genetic biomarkers for susceptibility to certain malignancies and therefore may help predict individual cancer risk 8 . (bvsalud.org)
In general, these differences are not readily explained by known risk factors, although the very high incidence of prostate cancer in both black Africans and Caribbeans suggests increased genetic susceptibility. (biomedcentral.com)
When reported in host susceptibility - the intrinsic and that are not strongly associated with epidemiological studies, these tu- extrinsic factors that have an impact host susceptibility include the follow- mour sites are also noted in some on variable response to carcinogens: ing. (who.int)
There are various limitations in susceptibility, how host susceptibility ies may focus only on specific tumour epidemiological studies (e.g. statis- factors may modulate the impact of outcomes or may not be designed to tical power, exposure assessment, mechanistic events leading to tumour detect some types of tumours). (who.int)
Thus, host susceptibil- of carcinogens: (1) is electrophilic by Hill and Ul rich), as well as other ity may determine how and wheth- or can be metabolical y activated to host susceptibility factors from this er specific individual sites or target electrophiles, (2) is genotoxic, (3) al- large and rich database. (who.int)
Although host susceptibility stress, (6) induces chronic inflam- benzene) that induce not only muta- factors have a modulating role in mation, (7) is immunosuppressive, tions but also a variety of epigenetic carcinogenesis and can affect un- (8) modulates receptor-mediated changes. (who.int)

Conclusions: We conclude that MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism has no role in predisposition to the migraine in our population and cannot serve as a predictive factor for the risk of migraine. (scirp.org)
We also investigated the potential effect of the C677T polymorphism in the gene encoding methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) to the sUA level in different dementia types. (mdpi.com)
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of folate, whose role in bipolar disorder is controversial. (cellmolbiol.org)
The aim of the present study was to assess the risk of MTHFR C677T polymorphism for bipolar disorder. (cellmolbiol.org)
The highest risk of meningioma was associated with heterozygosity for both MTHFR SNPs (odds ratio 2.11, CI: 1.42-3.12, p=0.002). (snpedia.com)
In general, risks were increased with genotypes associated with reduced MTHFR activity. (snpedia.com)
PMID 17301261 ] Dietary folate intake, MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and the risk of endometrial cancer among Chinese women. (snpedia.com)
Association of neural tube defects in children of mothers with MTHFR 677TT genotype and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism risk: a case-control study. (cdc.gov)

Most exogenous carcinogens are metabolized by enzymes, which may change them to more DNA-damaging forms ordetoxify them, often by attaching glutathione or other groups that promote excretion of the modified compounds. (health.am)
CYP1B1 is a key P450 enzyme involved in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous substrates and plays a key role in hormone-induced carcinogenesis. (lancs.ac.uk)
When exogenous pancreatic enzymes are taken with a meal, CCK-releasing factors are degraded and CCK release in response to a meal is reduced. (medscape.com)

Esophageal cancer patients carrying methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT polymorphism had higher risk of death from the disease. (revistaabcd.org.br)
Polymorphism in maternal LRP8 gene is associated with fetal growth. (snpedia.com)
This non systematic review summarizes current data available on the role of environment gene interaction in form of GSTM1 null polymorphism and oral carcinogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
Relationship between GSTM1 null polymorphism in oral cancer needs to be established to confirm the role of environment gene interaction in oral carcinogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
The polymorphic genes have subtle effect on cancer risk at individual level but may have a large population impact because the relevant polymorphism may be highly prevalent in a population. (bvsalud.org)
Studies evaluating CYP1B1_Leu432Val polymorphism are required to further elucidate the risk of ovarian cancer with this polymorphism. (lancs.ac.uk)
The CYP1A1 3801T/C (also named MspI polymorphism, *2A or m1), results from a replacement of thymine by a cytosine at the 3801st base pair in the 3' flanking region of the gene [ 9 , 10 ]. (springeropen.com)
Our preliminary data indicate lack of association between T833C/844ins68 polymorphism with MR. However, higher relative risk and biased transmission of the double mutation from heterozygous mothers to MR probands are indicative of a risk of association between this polymorphism with mental retardation. (sagepub.com)

Remethylation of homocysteine occurs via a cobalamin dependent enzyme, methionine synthase (MTR). (wikipedia.org)
The folate cycle is linked to homocysteine metabolism via MTR. (wikipedia.org)
The enzyme bound cob(I)alamin cofactor of the MTR enzyme functions as a methyl carrier between 5-MTHF and homocysteine. (wikipedia.org)
5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine Methyltransferase Reductase MSR [Methionine Synthase]- Cobalamin Methyltransferase (Cob(II)Alamin Reducing) Methionine Synthase Reductase, Mitochondrial EC 1.16.1.8 CblE The gene was mapped to human chromosome 5. (wikipedia.org)
In an elderly population with cognitive impairment, we investigated the association between serum uric acid (sUA) and serum homocysteine (sHcy), known risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. (mdpi.com)

List of procholestatic candidate genes. (elsevier.es)
Previous genetic analyses have revealed candidate genes associated with POP. (scite.ai)
Conclusion TIMP2, ADAMTS13, and ADAMTS1 might be candidate genes for POP. (scite.ai)
Using data from the second phase (1991-1994) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), we examined associations between 22 polymorphisms in 13 candidate genes and four serum lipids: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). (cdc.gov)

We found a significant interaction between occupational use of CCl4 and the metabolic enzyme GSTM1 among men: persons with active glutathione-S-transferase-M1 enzyme were at higher risk from TCE exposure (p=0.037) than persons with inactive enzyme. (cdc.gov)
From analysed genetic markers clinical outcome of chronic viral hepatitis C were influenced by GSTM1 null genotype and polymorphisms in the CCR5 and SERPINA1 genes. (rsu.lv)
The risk of developing prostate cancer in Algeria does not appear to be associated with CYP1A1 T3801C genotypes and GSTM1 - null , but GSTT1 - null and GSTM1/GSTT1 -double null genotypes increased the risk of prostate cancer. (springeropen.com)

Objective: Migraine, a common chronic neurological disorder involves a pathophysiology having both multiple genetic and environmental factors. (scirp.org)
Migraine pathophysiology involves both multiple genetic and environmental factors. (scirp.org)
Our results provide preliminarily new evidence for future investigation of these genes in the pathophysiology of POP. (scite.ai)

More notably, LL markedly decreased not only the amplitude but also the average levels of the expression of the genes in the liver, but not in the WAT, suggesting that transcription in the liver is sensitive to constant light exposure. (researchgate.net)
Time-restricted feeding restored the circadian rhythms of most of the genes to various degrees in both liver and WAT. (researchgate.net)
Physical effects include irregular heartbeat , an impaired immune response, liver cirrhosis , increased cancer risk , and severe withdrawal symptoms if stopped suddenly. (wikipedia.org)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concluded that the overall risk of liver toxicity from pemoline outweighs the benefits. (medscape.com)
The boxed warning emphasizes the risk for severe liver injury and acute liver failure, which may be fatal. (medscape.com)
For patients who died of toxic liver damage more frequent slow acetylation encoding alleles (NAT2 gene) were found, that were associated also with higher levels of GGT and alkaline phosphatase. (rsu.lv)
This field of pharmacology is rapidly evolving and testing for liver enzyme variations becoming more widespread. (buyneurontinonline.com)
These are termed xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) found especially in the liver but also in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract, and several are polymorphic and strongly influence individual biological responses to carcinogens. (bvsalud.org)
Leptin and adiponectin can augment the oxidation of fatty acid in liver by activating the nuclear receptor super-family of transcription factors, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α. (wjgnet.com)
Affected individuals may have approximately 10% of enzyme activity in the liver but no activity in the erythrocytes. (medscape.com)

The significant module (royal blue) identified was associated with TC, TG and non-HDL-C. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that the genes in the royal blue module were associated with carbon metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and biosynthesis pathways of unsaturated fatty acids. (biomedcentral.com)
Candidates include genes for carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, steroid hormone-metabolizing enzymes, and receptors such as the estrogen and progesterone receptors. (health.am)
Nuclear Receptors (NRs), that include steroid hormone receptors, are intra-cellular transcription factors that regulate gene expression in response to their cognate ligands. (jnu.ac.in)

ABSTRACT This study aimed to estimate the frequency of the SNPs (+45T>G and +276G>T) genotypes and investigate the association between the two SNPs and adiponectin concentration, metabolic parameters and risk of T2DM in the Bahraini population. (who.int)

Methionine is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis and one-carbon metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Its synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme methionine synthase. (wikipedia.org)
Introduction and hypothesis Extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and metabolism abnormalities may influence the pelvic supporting system and lead to the occurrence and development of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). (scite.ai)

GSTT1 null genotype was identified as a risk allele for alcohol toxic hepatitis progression. (rsu.lv)
Polymorphic homozygote genotype methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT was associated with higher risk of death after surgical treatment for esophageal cancer. (revistaabcd.org.br)

1, 3) Antioxidants, such as Coenzyme Q10, alpha lipoic acid and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and anti-catabolic enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase minimize the damage due to ROS. (life-enthusiast.com)
In cells , antioxidants such as glutathione , mycothiol or bacillithiol , and enzyme systems like superoxide dismutase , can prevent damage from oxidative stress . (wikipedia.org)

According to a review from 2016 , genes that promote alcohol metabolism and the production of enzymes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, can be protective against AUD. (healthline.com)

C677T mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and neural tube defects: should Japanese women undergo gene screening before pregnancy? (cdc.gov)

A growing number of studies have examined whether these different genotypes are associated with breast cancer risk or interact with environmental exposures (e.g., cigarette smoking). (health.am)

No other significant interactions were found, but risk associated with TCE exposure was somewhat higher in persons with function glutathione-S-transferase-M1 enzyme. (cdc.gov)
Because these polymorphisms may be very common (the homozygous deletion in the glutathione-S-transferase mu gene occurs in approximately 50% of whites), their population-attributable risks may be large even if the relative risks are modest. (health.am)
Glutathione S - transferases ( GSTs ) involve a superfamily of multifunctional and ubiquitous phase II metabolic enzymes. (springeropen.com)

PWS occurs due to abnormalities affecting certain genes in the proximal long arm of chromosome 15 when deleted from the father's chromosome 15 and hence referred to as a genomic imprinting disorder which depends on the sex of the parent donating the chromosome leading to the chromosome defect in the child. (rarediseases.org)
Obesity, reflux and genetic abnormalities all themselves are risk factors for developing Barrett's oesophagus [ 12 ]. (omicsonline.org)

With the development of markedly improved living standards throughout society, coronary artery disease (CAD) has emerged as a leading factor of mortality, functional deterioration, skyrocketing healthcare expenditure, disability and morbidity. (biomedcentral.com)

2017). The inhibition of hypothalamic inflammation by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of IKK2 inhibitor (IMD-0354) rectified PM2.5-induced glucose intolerance, IR, energy metabolism dysfunction, and attenuated peripheral inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposure (Song et al. (deepdyve.com)

Your genetics can influence how likely you are to develop AUD, but there's currently no evidence of a specific gene that directly causes AUD once you start drinking. (healthline.com)
Your genetics don't only increase your risk of AUD - they may have protective elements as well. (healthline.com)
Genetics aren't the only way your parents or caregivers can influence AUD risk. (healthline.com)
While genetics can play a significant role in your overall AUD risk assessment, it isn't the only factor that can elevate your chances of developing AUD. (healthline.com)
In order to understand the biology, etiology and to develop new interventions of PCa, complete analysis of different risk factors along with their comparison with genetics is essential [ 4 ]. (springeropen.com)
5 ]. Smoking, dietary habits, lifestyle factors, environmental factors, as well as geographical/racial factors and genetics factors may be involved in PCa development. (springeropen.com)

Hereditary galactosemia is among the most common carbohydrate metabolism disorders and can be a life-threatening illness during the newborn period. (medscape.com)

Both genes are related to the circadian rhythm, which regulates critical functions in the body, including behavior, metabolism, hormone levels and sleep. (newswise.com)

Gene specific primer pairs resulted in PCR amplification of a product matched by size to a hybrid-mapping panel containing only chromosome 5 as its human genetic material. (wikipedia.org)
The product DNA sequence matched pre-established gene markers specific to this chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
The regions most commonly identified thus far have included some on the short arm of chromosome 3, a TSG termed P16 on chromosome 9, and the TSG termed TP53 on chromosome 17, but multiple other genes are being discovered. (medscape.com)

Therefore variations in the expression of these genes due to heritable genetic polymorphisms might modulate the process of carcinogenesis by altering the exposure levels of tobacco derived carcinogens. (bvsalud.org)
Environmental carcinogens and certain other endogenous factor (genetic alteration and mutation) interacting in a complex manner can give rise to development of cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Various products of these genes are enzymes involved in the activation or degradation of carcinogens/pro-carcinogens. (bvsalud.org)
If these polymorphisms cause only modest increases in risk, or confer risk only in conjunction with exposure to carcinogens, they would not cause noticeable familial aggregation. (health.am)
Cigarette smoking is a route of exposure to aryl aromatic amine carcinogens that can be activated by the cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) and NAT1 and NAT2 (N-acetyltransferase 1 and 2) genes. (health.am)

Evaluating suicidal patients can be challenging because clinical risk assessments are inherently subjective and major depressive disorder has high degrees of variability," says Paul Croarkin, D.O., M.S. , a psychiatrist in Mayo Clinic's Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, and senior investigator of the study. (newswise.com)
Identify and evaluate the principles, interpretation and use of clinical enzyme methods. (uninsubria.eu)

Neural tube defects and folate pathway genes: family-based association tests of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. (snpedia.com)
The potential cancer-promoting effect of folic acid supplementation needs to be considered in carefully monitoring the long-term effect of folic acid fortification on the vast majority of the US population, who are not at risk of NTDs [neural tube defects]. (marnieclark.com)
DNA methylation aberrations rather than polymorphisms of FZD3 gene increase the risk of spina bifida in a high-risk region for neural tube defects. (cdc.gov)
Role of the planar cell polarity gene Protein tyrosine kinase 7 in neural tube defects in humans. (cdc.gov)

Nitrilases as promiscuous enzymes can catalyze a variety of nitrile substrates, such as aliphatic nitriles, aromatic nitriles, etc. (bvsalud.org)

Proteins involved in these pathways are including many proteins starting with the enzymes, which direct substrate are endo- or xenobiotic, followed by proteins, that regulates enzyme and their coding gene activity and proteins involved in the transport of these substances in the cell and the body (transport proteins receptors). (rsu.lv)

Risk factors for ovarian cancer are related to hormonal exposure and reproduction, and polymorphisms within genes involved in metabolism of oestrogen and certain xenobiotics may influence the risk of developing ovarian cancer. (lancs.ac.uk)
Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes ( XME ), coded by a family of xenobiotic-metabolizing genes ( XMG ), have a major role in elimination of many xenobiotics or environmental chemical compounds from the body. (springeropen.com)

PD risk associated with "high" cumulative exposure to TCE was slightly but non-significantly elevated: odds ratio 1.8 (95%CI 0.5-5.2). (cdc.gov)
Additionally, though not statistically significant, risk associated with TCE exposure was higher in smokers and in persons who sustained a prior head injury. (cdc.gov)
Overall, this work adds to current data suggesting that occupational exposure to TCE is a risk factor for PD. (cdc.gov)
Other predisposing factors include a history of achalasia, caustic substance ingestion, radiation exposure and poor nutrition [ 7 , 8 ]. (omicsonline.org)
The protective changes in the lower oesophagus brought about by persistent acid exposure can result in dysplasia, with a 0.5% risk of development of adenocarcinoma per year [ 13 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Exposure to oxygen and sunlight are the two main factors in the oxidation of food, so food is preserved by keeping in the dark and sealing it in containers or even coating it in wax, as with cucumbers. (wikipedia.org)
Despite the risk of tobacco and alcohol exposure, the majority of patients who smoke or drink alcohol do not develop oral cancer. (bvsalud.org)
Assess the relationship between IBD and the risk of CDI based on patients' degree of healthcare exposure. (cdc.gov)
These inconsistencies are attributed to various factors, such as the method of exposure assessment of alcohol consumption, the definition of ARC, or the selection of the target population 19 . (nature.com)
Health Administration's (OSHA) health stan- response data and provides a method to develop the probability of an dards have not been developed with explicit risk-based exposure limits (33). (cdc.gov)
Estimates of exposure levels posing minimal risk to humans (MRLs) have been made, where data were believed reliable, for the most sensitive noncancer effect for each exposure duration. (cdc.gov)

Pancreatic enzyme supplementation may be helpful in reducing pain. (medscape.com)
In patients with a dilated pancreatic duct, a Roux-en-Y side-to-side pancreaticojejunostomy is indicated. (medscape.com)

The present study aimed to replicate these findings in an independent study population, and test the hypothesis that variation in genes related to TCE metabolism or genes related to PD risk might modify the risk from TCE. (cdc.gov)
Many of the genes that encode these enzymes display phenotypic variation (individuals differ in the activity of the enzymes), and for many of these enzymes, the alterations in DNA sequence that are responsible for the phenotypic variation are known. (health.am)

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the world, and its etiology involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. (springeropen.com)
Genetic and environmental factors are important for the development of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)

Cytochrome P1B1 gene (CYP1B1) polymorphisms and. (lancs.ac.uk)
In phase I, cytochrome P450 enzymes play an important role in the metabolism of estrogen and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (springeropen.com)

Research has shown that genetic factors contribute to approximately 50% of the risk of developing alcoholism . (matclinics.com)

Gene-nutrient interactions among determinants of folate and one-carbon metabolism on the risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: NCI-SEER case-control study. (snpedia.com)
Inconsistencies might be caused by differences in study design, study populations (geographic and ethnic background), statistical methods and power, allele frequencies, and gene-environment interactions. (cdc.gov)

The NAT2 gene has four major alleles in whites. (health.am)

Decades of research have demonstrated that serum concentrations of blood lipids are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality [ 1 - 4 ]. (cdc.gov)

Altogether, the data suggest that APOBEC3 enzymes can co-regulate each other at the protein level and that they cooperate to ensure HIV-1 inactivation rather than evolution. (bvsalud.org)
Identify and appraise the laboratory investigation of selected disorders of protein metabolism. (uninsubria.eu)

Critically review the laboratory investigations of metabolism disorders, glucose intolerance and adult hyperglycemia. (uninsubria.eu)
Berry GT, Segal S and Gitzelmann R. Disorders of Galactose Metabolism. (medscape.com)

Objective Eating out of phase with the endogenous biological clock alters clock and metabolic gene expression in rodents and can induce obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (researchgate.net)

Individuals with severe obesity may have an increased risk of cardiac insufficiency, sleep apnea, diabetes, respiratory problems and other serious conditions that can cause life-threatening complications. (rarediseases.org)
The latter is a very strong risk factor, and likely related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. (omicsonline.org)
Factors contributing towards the obesity epidemic include an increased accessibility to energy-dense foods, an increase in sedentary activity and the possible involvement of the gut microbiota on host metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Alterations in diversity and microbiota community structure may affect host metabolism resulting in obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Evidence suggests that obesity and insulin resistance are the major factors that contribute to the development of NAFLD. (wjgnet.com)
In comparing the factors that contribute to the buildup of excess calories in obesity, an imbalance of energy homeostasis can be considered as the basis. (wjgnet.com)

This enzyme catalyzes conversion of galactose-1-phosphate and UDP glucose to UDP galactose and glucose-1-phosphate. (medscape.com)

Diet composition can also affect clock gene expression. (researchgate.net)
Weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) analysis was used to analyse the gene expression profile, and the royal blue module was considered to have the highest correlation. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene co-expression network-based methods have been widely used in processing microarray data and have especially been used to identify meaningful functional modules [ 18 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is one of the most effective methods of gene co-expression network analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via complete or partial base pairing with the 3′untranslated region of target genes ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Analysis of rat L6 myotubes (skeletal muscle cells) treated with the PPARδ activator, GW-501516, by gene expression studies revealed that PPARδ controls fatty acid oxidation by regulating genes involved in fatty acid transport, β-oxidation, and mitochondrial respiration. (umbrellalabs.is)
In the second study, we collected ileum and colon tissue samples from patients with critical COVID-19 who required colonoscopy due to severe gastrointestinal symptoms and analyzed mucosal gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
The expression of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism, including ACE2 , AHR , CARD9 , and IL22 , was downregulated in the ileum of critical COVID-19 patients who required a colonoscopy. (frontiersin.org)
Critical COVID-19 patients have gastrointestinal inflammation potentially caused by impaired tryptophan metabolism in the small intestine due to decreased expression of genes involved in tryptophan metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
The changes were particularly clear in the cortical bone -- the outer layer of bone -- the region with the most abundant expression of the SGMS2 gene. (regenerativemedicine.net)

[21] Drinking during pregnancy may harm the child's health , [3] and drunk driving increases the risk of traffic accidents. (wikipedia.org)
Major depression disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) which is a leading cause of mortality in patients with MDD. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, depression is frequently observed in a subset of patients following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and increases risk for mortality. (hindawi.com)
risk increases with earlier age at diagnosis in first-degree relatives and with the number of relatives affected. (health.am)
This gene finding of ours is very important, as it significantly increases understanding of the mechanisms underlying osteoporosis and opens new avenues for the development of osteoporosis diagnostics and drug therapies," M kitie states. (regenerativemedicine.net)

Heme oxygenase-1 promoter polymorphisms and risk of spina bifida. (cdc.gov)

However, researchers tend to prefer enzymes with high substrate specificity and high catalytic efficiency. (bvsalud.org)

Antidepressant medications are widely prescribed to try to decrease the symptoms of depression and to reduce the risk of suicide. (center4research.org)
For that reason, a decrease in the symptoms of depression can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or actions. (center4research.org)

In our study was proved that female gender is risk factor for alcohol toxic hepatitis. (rsu.lv)
Other factors, such as environmental influences and personal experiences, also shape an individual's relationship with alcohol. (matclinics.com)
On the other hand, variations in the ALDH2 gene, which also plays a role in alcohol metabolism, have been associated with an increased risk of alcoholism, particularly among individuals of East Asian descent. (matclinics.com)
To examine the risk of incident cataract surgery associated with alcohol use patterns among Japanese adults. (nature.com)

Logistic regression was used to assess associations between polymorphisms and the risk of developing esophageal cancer. (revistaabcd.org.br)
These "low-risk" genes can also become important determinants to assess population risk 8 . (bvsalud.org)
Act has not completely protected the Ameri- mark dose (BMD) has been used in risk assess- for a specified time can workforce, particularly those workers who ments. (cdc.gov)

In this pooled analysis, we found a significantly increased risk from TCE: odds ratio 4.2 (95%CI 1.2-15.3). (cdc.gov)

A 2023 study , for example, found a link between AUD and mutations in a group of genes previously identified for their role in neuronal plasticity and pain perception. (healthline.com)

Polymorphisms are usually defined as a sequence variant in a gene that occurs in more than 1% of alleles. (health.am)

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in regulatory areas of MMP-encoding genes can alter their transcription rate, and therefore the possible effect on pelvic floor supporting structures. (scite.ai)
This study aims to explore the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of genes encoding ECM processing enzymes (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs [ADAMTSs]), ECM degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs]) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs), and POP. (scite.ai)

Anatomy5

Organisms5

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes37

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science6

Named Groups2

Health Care24

Geographicals2

Encodes an enzyme involved1

Mutations in genes3

Tumor9

Folate metabolism3

Variants8

Polymorphisms of genes2

Lipid11

Code for enzymes1

Hepatic7

Differentially expressed genes1

Deficiency8

Carcinogen metabolism1

Susceptibility14

MTHFR8

Exogenous3

Polymorphism8

Homocysteine5

Candidate genes4

GSTM13

Pathophysiology3

Liver10

Steroid3

Abstract1

Synthesis3

Genotype2

Superoxide dismutase2

Aldehyde1

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene1

Genotypes1

Glutathione3

Abnormalities2

Coronary artery1

Energy metabolism1

Genetics6

Carbohydrate1

Behavior1

Chromosome3

Carcinogens5

Clinical2

Neural tube de4

Substrates1

Proteins1

Xenobiotics2

Exposure11

Pancreatic2

Variation2

Genetic and environmental factors2

Cytochrome2

Approximately 501

Interactions2

NAT21

Serum1

Protein2

Disorders2

Endogenous1

Obesity6

Glucose1

Expression10

Increases5

Promoter polymorphisms1

Substrate1

Symptoms2

Alcohol4

Assess3

Significantly1

20231

Alleles1

SNPs2