The secondary metabolism of a plant is responsible for their scent and also plays a role in the defence system of the plant protecting it from pests Essential oils are made up of hydrocarbons and their derivatives oxygentated compounds that are created from plants secondary metabolism (Chamorro et al. (ukessays.com)
Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis showed that the extract contained monoterpene hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, the major ones being carvacrol and thymol and to a lesser extent p-cymene, 1-octacosanol, creosol, and phytol. (hindawi.com)
It consists primarily of monoterpenes, terpene alcohols and oxygenated cyclic compounds. (europa.eu)
This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
Secondary5
In recent years, with the development of the next generation sequencing, molecular and genetic analysis methods, lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents, fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we focus on the recently obtained knowledge considering structural genes as well as transcriptional and post-translational regulators involved in the metabolic pathways underlying both appearance and internal quality such as those involved in chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism (Table 1 , Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Phytochemicals (from Greek phyto, meaning "plant") are chemicals produced by plants through primary or secondary metabolism. (psychosocialsomatic.com)
Among them, 1,422 unigenes were involved in 25 standard secondary metabolism-related pathways in the KEGG database. (bvsalud.org)
Here they are produced by the specialized pathways of primary or secondary metabolism. (transmit.shop)
Alcohols1
Some cyclic alcohols have been described in plants. (gerli.com)
Terpene1
Limonene is a neutral liquid hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic terpene. (ayurvedicoils.com)
Therapeutic1
2012). Monoterpenes increase the therapeutic functions of other components in the oil and stop the collection of toxins (Martin, 2014). (ukessays.com)
Biological2
Metabolism and other biological behaviours of these constituents have been extensively reported in the published literature and this is discussed further below. (europa.eu)
GC41499 α-Phellandrene α-Phellandrene is a cyclic monoterpene that has been found in various plants, including Cannabis, and has diverse biological activities. (glpbio.com)
Ringer, K.L., McConkey, M.E., Davis, E.M., Rushing, G.W. and Croteau, R. Monoterpene double-bond reductases of the (-)-menthol biosynthetic pathway: isolation and characterization of cDNAs encoding (-)-isopiperitenone reductase and (+)-pulegone reductase of peppermint. (enzyme-database.org)
Limonene2
According to a study in 2002, limonene was seen to exhibit characteristics of probiotics such as adjuvants , digestive enzyme inhibitors such as hibiscus tea , marine algae, L-arabinose, Nomame Herba, inhibit glucose intake like phlorizin, and anorexics like monoterpenes such as perillyl alcohol, d-limonene. (ayurvedicoils.com)
Citrus oils are composed of monoterpenes, in particular D-limonene, which exhibit antibacterial and antifungal characteristics, and even inhibit the growth of certain parasites as well. (ayurvedicoils.com)
Species1
Metabolism of ethanolamine and 1-aminopropan-2-ol in species of Erwinia and the roles of amino alcohol kinase and amino alcohol o- phosphate phospho-lyase in aldehyde formation. (qmul.ac.uk)
Glycolysis1
Interrelationships of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and fruit quality related metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Constituents1
The principal constituents are bicyclic terpenes (e.g. α-pinene, β-pinene, δ-3-carene), with smaller proportions of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their hydrogenated and oxygenated terpenoid derivatives. (europa.eu)
Molecular1
Monoterpenes are very volatile due to the molecular structure (Chamorro et al. (ukessays.com)
Units1
Monoterpenes have 2 isoprenes units linked together. (ukessays.com)
Essential2
Effects of essential oils on the body are usually termed pharmacological because they are subject to pharmacokinetic parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. (phytovolatilome.com)
Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are the main components of essential oils as they are adequately volatile (Cyberlipid, 2014), (Baser & Buchbauer, 2010). (ukessays.com)
Fruit2
However, given that tomato specialized metabolism is highly complex, in order to identify the novel genes involved in aspects of fruit quality that are associated with these metabolites still requires considerable research effort. (biomedcentral.com)
Cyclic LIPopeptides from Bacillus subtilis ABS-S14 elicit defense-related gene expression in citrus fruit. (perflavory.com)
Weight1
That's why specialists have created weight loss supplements that help women burn more fat by invigorating their body metabolisms. (geekshealth.com)
Animal1
1. Fleshood, H.L. and Pitot, H.C. The metabolism of O- phosphorylethanolamine in animal tissues. (qmul.ac.uk)
Ether1
It is a monoterpene cyclic ether found principally in eucalypt leaves, but also in other plant species such as Salvias and some herbs. (bhftechnologies.com.au)
Human liver microsomes2
11. Relative contribution of cytochromes P-450 and flavin-containing monoxygenases to the metabolism of albendazole by human liver microsomes. (nih.gov)
17. Identification of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of zotepine, an antipsychotic drug, in human liver microsomes. (nih.gov)
Oxidative metabolism3
No statistically significant difference was observed in the in vitro kinetics for acyl glucuronidation and oxidative metabolism between the two age groups. (nih.gov)
Results from studies on heat inactivation of flavin-containing monooxygenase and immunochemical inhibition by an anti-rat NADPH P450 reductase antibody on montelukast oxidation indicated that all oxidative metabolism of montelukast-including diastereomeric sulfoxidations, as well as 21- and methyl-hydroxylations-are catalyzed exclusively by P450. (nih.gov)
5. The impact of individual human cytochrome P450 enzymes on oxidative metabolism of anticancer drug lenvatinib. (nih.gov)
Isoprenoid2
β-ionone (βI), a cyclic isoprenoid, and geraniol (GO), an acyclic monoterpene, represent a promising class of dietary chemopreventive agents against cancer, whose combination could result in synergistic anticarcinogenic effects. (bvsalud.org)
Terpenoid synthases are responsible for the cyclization and/or rearrangement of linear isoprenoid diphosphates into cyclic terpenoids [ 12 , 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidation2
This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
Biosynthesis2
Bacterial trans -acyltransferase polyketide synthases ( trans -AT PKSs) are among the most complex known enzymes from secondary metabolism and are responsible for the biosynthesis of highly diverse bioactive polyketides. (nature.com)
Monoterpene biosynthesis potential of plant subcellular compartments. (cmdm.tw)
Vitro2
10. Functional evaluation of vandetanib metabolism by CYP3A4 variants and potential drug interactions in vitro. (nih.gov)
The bioavailability and metabolism of anthocyanins and ellagitannins following acute intake of grumixama fruit, native Brazilian cherry, by humans, and its in vitro antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) were investigated. (bvsalud.org)
Role1
[ 94 ] Additional data are needed to establish the role of monoterpenes in gallstone dissolution. (medscape.com)
Process1
Regardless of the origin, inflammatory activities on the molecular level can be described as variations of a cyclic process, involving innate immune activation. (rsc.org)
Structure2
A subclass of monoterpenes that contain a single benzene ring structure with an isopropyl group and one or more methyl groups. (bvsalud.org)
Monoterpenes that include a cyclohexane ring in their structure. (nih.gov)