Metabolism biological membranes cell compartmentation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Indeed, the plasma membrane delimits the intracellular compartment from the extracellular environment and intracellular membranes. (utc.fr)
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. (lookformedical.com)

After matching the models for the relative dispersion the remaining differences in relative skewness are predicted, discussing the relative roles of membrane permeability, cellular binding and cytoplasmic transport. (nih.gov)
Is phenol oxidation responsible for the short term effect of boron deficiency on plasma-membrane permeability and function in squash root? (udca.edu.co)

The uptake and efflux of solutes across a plasma membrane is controlled by transporters. (bvsalud.org)

Lipid molecules are critically involved in membrane structures of cells and also provide an energy store and act as signalling molecules within and between cells. (ukri.org)
Hence, understanding lipid metabolism is important for all areas of the BBSRC remit. (ukri.org)
High spatial-resolution MSI will elucidate the compartmentation of oil assembly in developing seeds, which is essential for the redesign of lipid biosynthesis in seeds in order to improve yield. (ukri.org)
Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (lookformedical.com)

We envision that our work will serve as a stepping stone for future studies of the biological function and the identification of the natural substrates of the many under-explored SLC transporters, as well as for the development of new therapeutic applications, including strategies for personalized medicine and drug delivery. (bvsalud.org)
In the brain, SLC transporters are involved in transporting various solutes across the blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, astrocytes, neurons, and other brain cell types including oligodendrocytes and microglial cells. (bvsalud.org)
The subcellular compartmentation of fatty acid transporters is regulated differently by insulin and by AICAR. (edu.pl)
A membrane assay that indirectly measures the activity of efflux transporters. (atpasepathway.com)
Transgenic lines overproducing the yeast-derived invertase in either the vacuole (Vac-Inv) or apoplast (Apo-Inv) were utilised to analyse the effect of the altered sugar levels in sink and source organs on the expression of sugar transporters, as well as the endogenous cell wall invertase and inhibitors in these plants. (sun.ac.za)

Biological membranes also play a major role in metabolism regulation and cellular physiology (e.g., mitochondrial membranes). (utc.fr)
Thus, the supply of NAD+ in cells requires mitochondrial copper(II). (wikipedia.org)
Analysis by RNA sequencing revealed altered expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, endo-lysosomal processing, and mitochondrial energy metabolism under pathophysiological flow conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
MitoQ consequently decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial superoxide production by these cells. (biomed.news)
Using this procedure revealed the in vivo compartmentation of mitochondrial metabolites and will enable assessment of the distribution of metabolites between the cytosol and mitochondria during a range of situations in vivo. (biomed.news)
Specifically, we explored how somatic mutations in these genes and substrate availability (lactate, glucose, substrate deprivation) from the extracellular microenvironment affect bioenergetic parameters, including cellular ATP, NADH and mitochondrial membrane potential dynamics. (biomed.news)
Employing cytosolic and mitochondrial FRET-based ATP probes, fluorescent NADH sensors, and the membrane-permeant cationic fluorescent probe TMRM in HCT-116 cells as a model system, we observed that TP53 deletion and KRAS mutations drive a shift in metabolic signatures enabling lactate to become an efficient metabolite to replenish both ATP and NADH following nutrient deprivation. (biomed.news)
Intriguingly, cytosolic, mitochondrial and overall cellular ATP measurements revealed that, in WT KRAS cells, TP53 deficiency leads to an enhanced ATP production in the presence of extracellular lactate and glucose, and to the greatest increase in ATP following a starvation period. (biomed.news)
Moreover, cell population measurements of mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism using a Seahorse analyzer demonstrated that WT KRAS TP53-silenced cells display an increase of the basal respiration and tightly-coupled mitochondria, in the presence of glucose as substrate, compared to TP53 competent cells. (biomed.news)
Furthermore, cells possessing oncogenic KRAS, independently of TP53 status, showed less pronounced mitochondrial membrane potential changes in response to metabolic nutrients. (biomed.news)

The movement of CYTOPLASM within a CELL. (bvsalud.org)

Because of the importance of these functions, the enzymes involved in NAD metabolism are targets for drug discovery. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase 2 conjugation enzymes mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver and many other tissues, and can be recovered in artificial ER membrane preparations (microsomes). (mdpi.com)

Biological membranes and their related molecular mechanisms are essential for all living organisms. (utc.fr)
The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

Stat3-mediated alterations in lysosomal membrane protein composition. (uni-bielefeld.de)

I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
Genes coding for defense-related transcription activators, reactive oxygen species metabolism, terpene biosynthesis, and energy conversion pathways were upregulated in inoculated samples of L. dendroidea , indicating an integrated defensive system in seaweeds. (asm.org)
For instance, the transformation of plants with a yeast-derived invertase targeted to different subcellular compartments has led to the elucidation of several key aspects of sugar metabolism, including phloem loading mechanisms, the regulation of photosynthesis by sugars, the importance of sugar-metabolism compartmentation with regards to sucrose biosynthesis, storage and distribution, as well as the role of cell-wall invertase in phloem unloading and sink strength. (sun.ac.za)

Membranes host numerous proteins and are responsible for the exchange of molecules and ions, cell signaling, and cell compartmentation. (utc.fr)
The claim is that such structures would display minimal life-like behavior (reproductive and potentially evolutive) if the intravesicle ribozymes catalyze their own replication and the production of membrane molecules at the expenses of certain precursors available in the environment. (frontiersin.org)
As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or on breaking them down and using them to obtain energy, by their digestion. (wikipedia.org)
Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene or chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the molecules of life, light microscopy, fine cell structure and function, cell membranes structure and function, cell division and staining procedures. (uaeu.ac.ae)
It is specially important previous knowledge regarding the general structure of eukaryotic cells, their compartments and their organic molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, as well as basic knowledge of the main pathways of cell metabolism. (uab.cat)
11. Identify and describe the molecules, structures and processes involved in the relationship and communication of the cell with the external environment and with other cells. (uab.cat)
12. Identify the molecules involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and explain its function in the cycle control system. (uab.cat)

Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Engineered constructs were compared to human SAS and assessed for specific cell-cell interaction markers as well as for extracellular matrix proteins found in human meninges. (biomedcentral.com)
They stained positively for specific cell-cell interaction markers indicative of a functional meningeal tissue, as well as extracellular matrix proteins found in human meninges. (biomedcentral.com)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
Two thirds of differentially expressed proteins were identified in the pathways of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, amino acid, sugar and starch metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

Cellular metabolism relies on just a few redox cofactors. (biorxiv.org)

Methods The transcriptional and protein levels of ALKBH5 and solute carrier family 7 members 11 (SLC7A11) in tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. (bvsalud.org)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. (lookformedical.com)

Grape berries are extremely rich in K, which is involved in several physiological processes: enzyme activation, cellular membrane transport processes and translocation of assimilates, anion neutralisation, which is essential to the maintenance of membrane potential, and osmotic potential regulation, which controls the plant water relations, turgor maintenance and growth. (benthambooks.com)
Alterations of these biological processes may not only interfere with critical MEC functions impacting CSF and hence optic nerve homeostasis, but may likely alter SAS structure, thereby further impeding cerebrospinal fluid flow. (biomedcentral.com)
4. Describe the transport processes through the cell membranes. (uab.cat)

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. (lookformedical.com)
Lysosomal Machinery Drives Extracellular Acidification to Direct Non-apoptotic Cell Death. (uni-bielefeld.de)

1. Recognize the main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (uab.cat)

The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, each step being facilitated by a specific enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways among vastly different species. (wikipedia.org)
Somatic mutations in genes involved in oncogenic signaling pathways, including KRAS and TP53, rewire the metabolic machinery in cancer cells. (biomed.news)

To overcome the lack of suitable in vitro models that faithfully recapitulate the intricate three-dimensional architecture, complex cellular interactions, and fluid dynamics within the SAS, we have developed a perfusion bioreactor-based 3D in vitro model using primary human meningothelial cells (MECs) to generate meningeal tissue constructs. (biomedcentral.com)

HCT116 and SW620 cells were transfected with ALKBH5 overexpression vectors to determine cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe+, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 4 using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, fluorescence probe, assay kits, and Western blot assay. (bvsalud.org)
Our results reveal subtle differences in the role of GSH in protection against the three typical α-dicarbonyl compounds and in their induction of Nrf2-mediated gene expression, and point at a dual biological effect of the α-dicarbonyl compounds, being reactive toxic electrophiles and -as a consequence- able to induce Nrf2-mediated protective gene expression, with MGO being most reactive. (ebsco.com)

Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)

A whole variety of model membrane systems have been developed in the last few decades. (utc.fr)

Lipids are key components of biological system ranging from plants to mammals. (ukri.org)
It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)

Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. (lookformedical.com)
Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. (lookformedical.com)

The diseases where cures or at least treatments are sought are complex ones involving many potential defects in the structure, function, or regulation of the cells involved. (springeropen.com)

Though alterations in the NAD + to nicotinamide ratio and the NAD + to NADH ratio are anticipated by models to account for the effects of calorie restriction, the nature of a putative change in NAD + metabolism requires analytical definition and quantification of the key metabolites. (biomedcentral.com)
On the other hand, oncogenic KRAS in TP53-deficient cells reversed the alterations in cellular ATP levels. (biomed.news)

A partitioning within cells due to the selectively permeable membranes which enclose each of the separate parts, e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, etc. (lookformedical.com)
Using four different cancer cell lines, we report that, at clinically relevant concentrations (100-500 nM), MitoQ selectively repressed mesenchymal pancreatic cancer cell respiration, which involved the inhibition of the expression of PGC-1α, NRF1 and a reduced expression of electron-transfer-chain complexes I to III. (biomed.news)

Define the basis of eukaryotic cell biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
5. Describe the structure, composition and function of the different compartments of eukaryotic cells, as well as the relationships between them. (uab.cat)
14. Relate the functioning of the eukaryotic cell with somediseases. (uab.cat)

The compartmentation and distribution of metabolites between mitochondria and the rest of the cell is a key parameter of cell signalling and pathology. (biomed.news)

It serves as an internal transport system for moving essential substances throughout the cell, and in single-celled organisms, such as the AMOEBA, it is responsible for the movement (CELL MOVEMENT) of the entire cell. (bvsalud.org)

We here set out to determine, at the single cell level, metabolic signatures in human colon cancer cells engineered to express combinations of activating KRAS gene mutations and TP53 gene deletions. (biomed.news)

Furthermore, in a cell-based reporter gene assay MGO, GO, and 3-DG were able to induce Nrf2-mediated gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. (ebsco.com)

The paradigm of water transport across the biological membrane has recently changed, when the molecular basis (aquaporins) was first identified by the team of Peter Agre. (benthambooks.com)
Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components. (lookformedical.com)
Transport and membrane trafficking in cells Lundsbrunn Spa, Sweden, 7 - 9 May 2004. (edu.pl)
We found that blood-brain barrier glucose transport can be limiting during activation and that the energy demand could only be met if glycogenolysis supports neuronal glucose metabolism by replacing the glucose consumed by astrocytes, a mechanism we call Glucose Sparing by Glycogenolysis (GSG). (marbilab.it)

their enzymatic repertoire is highly variable among species, individual cell types and under different physiological conditions. (biorxiv.org)

Cell) books are molecular residing phrases and are useful from divide highlights under house. (cutechabeads.com)

These changes in fluorescence are also used to measure changes in the redox state of living cells, through fluorescence microscopy. (wikipedia.org)

Lysosomes in nutrient signalling: A focus on pancreatic β-cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Phenotypically, MitoQ further inhibited pancreatic cancer cell migration, invasion, clonogenicity and the expression of stem cell markers. (biomed.news)

The present study was conducted to analyze the role of alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in the ferroptosis of CRC cells and provide novel targets for CRC treatment. (bvsalud.org)
The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. (wikipedia.org)

Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
There are no prerequisites for studying Cell Biology. (uab.cat)
On the other hand, in a scientific discipline such as Cell Biology where most bibliography and information resources are in English, it is highly recommended that students have at least a basic knowledge of this language. (uab.cat)
Cell Biology is taught in the 1st semester of the 1st year of the degree in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and also in the same period in other degrees of the Sciences and Biosciences Faculty. (uab.cat)
15. Integrate and apply the theoretical knowledge acquired to interpret the results of simple scientific experiments and to solve simple experimental problems of cell biology. (uab.cat)
16. Use the appropriate scientific terminology in the field of cell biology. (uab.cat)

In rat liver, the total amount of NAD+ and NADH is approximately 1 μmole per gram of wet weight, about 10 times the concentration of NADP+ and NADPH in the same cells. (wikipedia.org)

The role of Eag and HERG channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cell line Cancer Cell International. (nottingham.ac.uk)

Give tissue or cell a free extract brief pulse of radiolabeled carbon 14, followed by a chase with non radioactive carbon 12. (flashcardmachine.com)

We present here a theoretical meta-analysis that tests whether the brain's unique compartmentation of glycogen metabolism in the astrocyte and the requirement for neuronal glucose homeostasis lead to the observed stoichiometries. (marbilab.it)

Metabolism (/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. (wikipedia.org)
The reactions between α-dicarbonyl compounds (MGO, GO, and 3-DG) and GSH were studied by LC-MS in a cell-free system. (ebsco.com)

Plant, Cell and Environment. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
The Plant Cell. (rothamsted.ac.uk)
Progress in gene isolation related to volatile production has been impeded by the lack of information concerning plant secondary metabolism, with flavor-associated volatiles [ 17 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Revisiting the Latency of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-How Does the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Influence Their Function? (mdpi.com)
Is such compartmentalization necessary for optimal cell function? (biorxiv.org)

2. Describe the structure, composition and main characteristics of cell membranes. (uab.cat)
3. Explain the organization and composition of other elements of the cell surface. (uab.cat)
8. Describe the composition of chromatin and its organization in interphase and division cells. (uab.cat)

Whether it is a question of physical, biological or even economic systems, this problem arises when all these systems are the location of matter and energy conversion. (preprints.org)
These results demonstrate that the upregulation of energy metabolism induced by visual stimulation depends on the type of information processing taking place in V1, and that 1H-fMRS provides unique information about local input/output balance that is not measured by BOLD fMRI. (marbilab.it)

Our results reflect cellular volume regulatory mechanisms at a macroscopic level and emphasize that it is essential to control for hydration levels in studies on brain morphometry and metabolism in order to avoid confounding the findings. (ajnr.org)

While many of them play key biological roles, their systematic analysis has been hampered by their functional and structural heterogeneity. (bvsalud.org)

The single membrane-bound peroxisomes exhibit great functional versatility. (biorxiv.org)

Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. (lookformedical.com)

Application of Si to plants promotes cell walls strength and provides additional support through increased mechanical and biochemical support. (researchsquare.com)

which can be considered a sort of foundational paper for (or even the manifesto of) the modern approaches for constructing living artificial cells from scratch. (frontiersin.org)
Autopoiesis thus becomes a convenient and elegant theoretical framework to guide the variegate experimental efforts to fabricate synthetic (artificial) cells (SCs/ACs), especially with respect to studies oriented at the origins and emergence of life. (frontiersin.org)

Some NAD is converted into the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), whose chemistry largely parallels that of NAD, though its predominant role is as a coenzyme in anabolic metabolism. (wikipedia.org)

10. Explain the contribution of the cytoskeleton to cell shape and cell movement. (uab.cat)

Ronan is a lecturer in the section Sustainable world of the School of Biological and Chemical Sciences at NUI Galway and has been working at the University of Galway since 2012. (universityofgalway.ie)

The elaboration of membrane based biomimetic systems allows us to reconstitute and investigate, in controlled conditions, biological events occurring at the membrane interface. (utc.fr)
This approach extends the analysis of complex systems from description to prediction, including control of complex dynamic behavior ranging from biological rhythms to catastrophic lethal arrhythmias. (mdpi.com)
Several (unsuccessful) attempts to build cell-like systems of minimal complexity fill the annals of science ( Hanczyc, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
Use a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists in cellular, sub-organismic, organismic, and systems levels of biological organization. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Anatomy38

Organisms16

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes62

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture9

Information Science7

Health Care1

Intracellular membranes2

Permeability2

Plasma membrane1

Lipid5

Transporters5

Mitochondrial10

Cytoplasm1

Enzymes5

Living organisms2

LYSOSOMAL MEMBRANE1

Biosynthesis3

Molecules8

Proteins6

Cellular metabolism1

Protein4

Processes3

Extracellular2

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells1

Pathways3

Interactions1

Reactive2

Amino1

Developed in the1

Lipids2

Signal Transduction2

Regulation1

Alterations2

Selectively2

Eukaryotic3

Metabolites1

Substances1

Metabolic1

Assay1

Transport4

Physiological1

Molecular1

Redox1

Pancreatic2

Targets2

Biology6

NADH1

Proliferation1

Carbon1

Glucose1

Reactions2

Plant3

Function2

Composition3

Energy2

Mechanisms1

Roles1

Functional1

Main structural1

Inhibition1

Promotes1

Artificial2

Role1

Explain1

Sciences1

Systems4