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Uridine Diphosphate Glucose DehydrogenaseUridine Diphosphate SugarsGlucose DehydrogenasesUridine Diphosphate GlucoseGlucose 1-DehydrogenaseAdenosine Diphosphate GlucoseChromatography, PaperCarbohydrate DehydrogenasesGlucoseUridine DiphosphatePQQ CofactorGlucose-1-Phosphate AdenylyltransferaseUridine Diphosphate N-AcetylglucosamineNucleotidyltransferasesGlucuronosyltransferaseGlucosyltransferasesUracil NucleotidesUridine Diphosphate XyloseUridine Diphosphate GalactoseUridine Diphosphate Glucuronic AcidPhyllachoralesAlcohol OxidoreductasesThermoplasmaBacillus megateriumHaloferax mediterraneiGlucose OxidaseGluconatesUridine PhosphorylaseXyloseGlucuronatesAcinetobacter calcoaceticusCoenzymesKineticsGlucosephosphate DehydrogenaseUDPglucose 4-EpimeraseUridine KinaseL-Lactate DehydrogenaseNitrophenolsNADAlcohol DehydrogenaseCarbohydrate EpimerasesCrigler-Najjar SyndromeBlood GlucoseEscherichia coliSubstrate SpecificityLiverGlyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate DehydrogenasesMolecular Sequence DataNADPAcinetobacterEncyclopedias as TopicUTP-Glucose-1-Phosphate UridylyltransferaseSucrose
Energy MetabolismDiphosphoglucose dehydrogenaseEnzymesMetabolicInborn errors ofOxidoreductaseLactateUDPglucoseUGDHGalactoseGenesEnzymeAldehydeKetone bodiesPyruvateInterproscanBiosynthesisAmino acidsOxidationAdenosineFatty acidsCarbohydrate metabolismAcidProteinGlycogenIntermediaryExogenousGlutathioneHepaticPhysiologicalMitochondrialChemicalLiverFunctionsIncludeHumanCancerImportant
Energy Metabolism5
  • The biological effect of BPS in interference with liver energy metabolism might affect UDPGA synthesis and the excretion of lipophilic compounds, but this was not clearly revealed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gut microbiota clearly affect the host nutritional metabolism with consequences for energy storage, which implies mechanistic interactions between events occurring in the colon and the regulation of energy metabolism [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The other nucleotide triphosphates have a much more minor role in energy metabolism. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • 2-Hydroxybutyric acid generally appears at high concentrations in situations related to deficient energy metabolism (e.g. birth asphyxia) and also in inherited metabolic diseases affecting the central nervous system during neonatal development, such as "cerebral" lactic acidosis, glutaric aciduria type II, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3) deficiency, and propionic acidemia. (pathbank.org)
Diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase1
  • Other names in common use include: UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, uridine diphosphoglucose dehydrogenase, UDPG dehydrogenase, UDPG:NAD oxidoreductase, UDP-alpha-D-glucose:NAD oxidoreductase, UDP-glucose:NAD+ oxidoreductase, uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase, UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase, and uridine diphosphate D-glucose dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes8
  • Transcriptome sequencing revealed that all homologs induced the same general patterns with a drastic shift in gene expression profiles of leaves from that of a typical source tissue to a source-limited sink-like tissue: Transcripts encoding enzymes for plastid uptake and metabolism of phosphoenolpyruvate, fatty acid and oil biosynthesis were up-regulated, as were also transcripts encoding starch degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Галактоземія Galactosemia is a carbohydrate metabolism disorder caused by inherited deficiencies in enzymes that convert galactose to glucose. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase 2 conjugation enzymes mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver and many other tissues, and can be recovered in artificial ER membrane preparations (microsomes). (mdpi.com)
  • Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy and will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Xanthylic acid is an important metabolic intermediate in the purine metabolism, and is a product or substrate of the enzymes inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.205), hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8), xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.22), 5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase (EC 3.1.3.5), Ap4A hydrolase (EC 3.6.1.17), nucleoside-triphosphate diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.19), phosphoribosylamine-glycine ligase (EC 6.3.4.1), and glutamine amidotransferase (EC 6.3.5.2). (ecmdb.ca)
  • protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • As well as being an integral cofactor for succinate dehydrogenase, FAD also assists other enzymes that require oxidation-reduction support. (histocutup.co.uk)
Metabolic5
  • This enzyme participates in 4 metabolic pathways: pentose and glucuronate interconversions, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and nucleotide sugars metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we focus on the recently obtained knowledge considering structural genes as well as transcriptional and post-translational regulators involved in the metabolic pathways underlying both appearance and internal quality such as those involved in chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism (Table 1 , Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, each step being facilitated by a specific enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways among vastly different species. (wikipedia.org)
  • This natural inter-dependency between core microglial properties and metabolism offers a unique opportunity to modulate microglial activities via nutritional or metabolic interventions. (biomedcentral.com)
Inborn errors of2
  • The remaining disorders of carbohydrate metabolism are the rare inborn errors of metabolism (ie, genetic defects). (medscape.com)
  • Most inherited disorders of metabolism (inborn errors of metabolism) are rare, and therefore their diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion. (msdmanuals.com)
Oxidoreductase1
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP-glucose:NAD+ 6-oxidoreductase. (wikipedia.org)
Lactate2
  • We first review the basics of microglial metabolism and the effects of common metabolites, such as glucose, lipids, ketone bodies, glutamine, pyruvate and lactate, on microglial inflammatory and phagocytic properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2-Hydroxybutyric acid is formed as a by-product of the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate via a reaction catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alphaHBDH). (pathbank.org)
UDPglucose1
  • MS = An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of UMP from UDPglucose to galactose 1-phosphate, forming UDPgalactose and glucose 1-phosphate. (doctorinternet.com)
UGDH2
  • UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase is a cytosolic enzyme that in humans is encoded by the UGDH gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nevertheless, the phosphorylation of tyrosine 473 (Y473) of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH is capable of converting UDP-Glc to uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA)) weakens the inhibition of UDP-Glc to HuR, thus initiating the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of tumor cells and promoting tumor cell migration and metastasis. (bvsalud.org)
Galactose2
  • MS = A necessary enzyme in the metabolism of galactose. (doctorinternet.com)
  • Glucose and galactose increase postprandially and several other carbohydrates contained in milk do not. (medscape.com)
Genes3
  • In recent years, with the development of the next generation sequencing, molecular and genetic analysis methods, lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents, fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, given that tomato specialized metabolism is highly complex, in order to identify the novel genes involved in aspects of fruit quality that are associated with these metabolites still requires considerable research effort. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae upregulated expression of heat shock protein genes under heat stress including HSP70 , HSP27 and CRYAB , their biosynthesis, metabolism and detoxification-related genes expressed differentially. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzyme3
  • Enzyme activity and binding assays show that (i) UDP-GlcA analogs lacking the 6' carboxylic acid bind the enzyme but fail to trigger the conformational change, resulting in poor inhibition, and (ii) the uridine monophosphate moiety of the substrate provides most of the ligand binding energy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Complex II of the chain is the succinate dehydrogenase enzyme complex. (histocutup.co.uk)
  • 7a-hydroxycholesterol then becomes 7a-hydroxy-cholestene-3-one, which is made possible by the enzyme 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 7. (smpdb.ca)
Aldehyde1
Ketone bodies2
  • The brain, heart, skeletal muscle, and liver depend on ketone bodies or on glucose for energy and for carbon chains to synthesize cellular proteins (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Many of these chemicals are synthesized in the brain, in part or wholly from glucose or ketone bodies. (medscape.com)
Pyruvate1
  • protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Interproscan2
  • short chain dehydrogenase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Biosynthesis2
  • The protein encoded by this gene converts UDP-glucose to UDP-glucuronate and thereby participates in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronan, chondroitin sulfate, and heparan sulfate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The DEGs between heat-acclimated and unacclimated larvae after heat shock were enriched in the biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino acids2
  • Nervous and muscle tissues preferentially oxidize ketones over fatty acids, glucose, or amino acids under normal conditions. (medscape.com)
  • 2-Ketobutyric acid is a substance that is involved in the metabolism of many amino acids (glycine, methionine, valine, leucine, serine, threonine, isoleucine) as well as propanoate metabolism and C-5 branched dibasic acid metabolism. (pathbank.org)
Oxidation1
  • 2-Hydroxybutyrate is an early marker for both insulin resistance and impaired glucose regulation that appears to arise due to increased lipid oxidation and oxidative stress (PMID: 20526369). (pathbank.org)
Adenosine1
  • The conversion of adenosine triphosphate to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) makes this stored energy available to numerous reactions such as muscle contraction. (histocutup.co.uk)
Fatty acids1
  • The main substrates that the body uses to liberate energy are carbohydrates (particularly glucose) and fatty acids. (histocutup.co.uk)
Carbohydrate metabolism5
  • Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism occur in many forms. (medscape.com)
  • Acquired or secondary derangements in carbohydrate metabolism, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar coma, and hypoglycemia, all affect the central nervous system. (medscape.com)
  • The inherited defects affecting carbohydrate metabolism that have been discovered so far are inherited as autosomal recessive traits. (medscape.com)
  • Most of the known defects of carbohydrate metabolism appear to be due to point mutations. (medscape.com)
  • Хвороби накопичення глікогену Glycogen storage diseases are carbohydrate metabolism disorders. (msdmanuals.com)
Acid5
  • Interrelationships of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and fruit quality related metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Фенілкетонурія (ФКУ) Phenylketonuria is a disorder of amino acid metabolism that causes a clinical syndrome of intellectual disability with cognitive and behavioral abnormalities caused by elevated serum phenylalanine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA) is an essential substrate in the glucuronidation of exogenous and endogenous lipophilic compounds via the liver glucuronic acid pathway, and its synthesis depends on glucose and energy in the body. (bvsalud.org)
  • The first pathway-specific reaction is an NAD+-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcA) catalyzed by the dehydrogenase domain of ArnA (ArnA_DH). (bvsalud.org)
  • Allysine will be degraded to form aminoadipic acid through alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase. (smpdb.ca)
Protein1
  • Uridine diphosphate glucose (UDP-Glc) is able to accelerate the decay of snail family transcriptional repressor 1 (SNAI1) mRNA by inhibiting Hu antigen R (HuR, an RNA-binding protein), thereby preventing cancer invasiveness and drug resistance. (bvsalud.org)
Glycogen4
  • The contribution of energetic metabolism to glycogen metabolism was estimated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In liver from 48 hr-starved rats, the energy need for net glycogen synthesis from exogenous glucose corresponds to ~50% of basal mitochondrial ATP turnover. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Butyrate, known to reduce oxidative phosphorylation yield and to induce a glucose-sparing effect, delayed the transient increase in mitochondrial ATP turnover and hence energy contribution to glycogen metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The liver is the main site of glycogen contribution to the regulation of blood glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
Intermediary1
  • The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
Exogenous1
  • this is an exogenous agent that interferes in the production, liberation, transport, metabolism, the union to a receptor or a modifier of the action or elimination of natural ligands responsible for maintaining homeostasis and the regulation and development of the organism. (ivis.org)
Glutathione1
  • Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism. (lookformedical.com)
Hepatic1
  • The main site for butyrate metabolism is the liver since hepatic removal close to 100% has been evidenced in Wistar rats adapted to a high-fiber diet [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Physiological1
  • Genome-scale genetic manipulation has a variety of effects on the physiological characteristics and cell metabolism of B. subtilis . (biomedcentral.com)
Mitochondrial1
  • Mitochondrial ATP turnover, calculated after specific inhibition of glycolysis, was stable (~0.70 ± 0.25 μmol.min -1 .g -1 liver ww) during the first two hr whatever the force-feeding, and increased transiently about two-fold at the 3rd hr in glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
Chemical1
  • Metabolism (/məˈtæbəlɪzəm/, from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms. (wikipedia.org)
Liver1
Functions1
  • Importantly, a majority of their functions are closely related to changes in their metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Include1
  • These include beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and acetoacetyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Human2
  • Characterization of human UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transduction of energy is a fundamental aspect of human metabolism. (histocutup.co.uk)
Cancer1
  • The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Important1
  • Nucleotides are very important as cosubstrates in metabolism. (heresy.is)