Metabolism tissue distribution. Medical search. Frequent questions

In conclusion, the in vivo fate of angiopeptin is characterized by little or no hepatic metabolism and rapid biliary excretion. (aspetjournals.org)
In this study, we investigated the metabolic stability, metabolite production, metabolic pathways and plasma protein binding (PPB) of FHND6081 along with its absorption, tissue distribution, excretion (ADME) and pharmacokinetics (PK) in animals. (scienceopen.com)
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) impact chemical concentration and activation of molecular initiating events of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) in cellular, tissue, and organ level targets. (epa.gov)
Tissue concentrations of either the parent compound or metabolites were always low due to rapid excretion. (europa.eu)
Information regarding absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in a range of patient types is provided, followed by data gathered from pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in a variety of models. (cdc.gov)
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the time course for the Of course the actual nature of the relationship between tis- absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a sue exposure and response, particularly across species, may chemical substance in a biological system. (cdc.gov)

The absorption, distribution and disposition characteristics of nicotine from tobacco and medicinal products are reviewed. (nih.gov)
Overview of Pharmacokinetics Pharmacokinetics, sometimes described as what the body does to a drug, refers to the movement of drug into, through, and out of the body-the time course of its absorption, bioavailability, distribution. (msdmanuals.com)

Implicit in any of interest in blood (and perhaps other tissues) are col- application of pharmacokinetics to toxicology or risk lected. (cdc.gov)

Specifically, we delineate a method to identify genes that are related to ADME and can impact target tissue dose in response to chemical exposures. (epa.gov)

This mini-review discusses the multiple potential mechanisms of action of icariin on the pathobiology of AD including explanation regarding its bioavailability, metabolism and pharmacokinetic. (frontiersin.org)

Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of white adipose tissue associated with a low grade inflammation which is one contributor to obesity complications such as diabetes. (springer.com)
Recently, we and others have demonstrated fibrotic depots in white adipose tissue of obese subjects. (springer.com)
In the first one, local adipose tissue hypoxia could induce fibrosis accumulation which in turn through adipocyte dysfunctions might provoke adipose tissue inflammation. (springer.com)
In the second one, fibrosis could be a result of local adipose tissue inflammation induced by tissue expansion. (springer.com)
However many more pro and anti-inflammatory mediators produced by the adipose tissue have been described since then. (springer.com)
White adipose tissue (WAT) - a key contributor in many metabolic diseases - contributes about one fourth of a healthy human's body mass. (nature.com)
White adipose tissue (WAT) is the principal organ in obesity. (nature.com)
In obese patients, although circulating concentrations of cortisol are not consistently elevated, the conversion of the inactive cortisol precursor (called cortisone) to active cortisol in adipose tissue may be abnormal. (dietdetective.com)
PPARα and LXRα were mainly expressed in liver, while PPARγ1 predominated in adipose tissue and large intestine. (diabetesjournals.org)
We found that PPARγ2 mRNA was a minor isoform, even in adipose tissue, thus causing question of its role in humans. (diabetesjournals.org)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a rich source of lycopene, a carotenoid that confers various positive biological effects such as improved lipid metabolism. (researchgate.net)
Members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family might be involved in pathologies with altered lipid metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)
They participate in the control of the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. (diabetesjournals.org)
Using a quantitative and sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, we determined the distribution and relative mRNA expression of the four PPARs (α, β, γ1, and γ2) and liver X receptor-α (LXRα) in the main tissues implicated in lipid metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)

Distribution of angiopeptin was rapid, with the highest concentration appearing in the liver. (aspetjournals.org)
Obesity is defined as an expansion of white adipose (WAT) tissue that is associated with low grade inflammation which possibly contributes to the development of health complications such as diabetes, liver pathologies, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases as well as some cancers [ 2 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
After a single injection of oMWCNTs, the highest distribution was found in the lungs, with lower uptake in the liver/spleen. (springer.com)
As for NDs injected alone, high distribution in the liver, spleen, and lungs was observed right after. (springer.com)
Taken together, our results indicate that both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 are involved in tolbutamide hydroxylation by human liver microsomes, and that CYP2C19 underlies at least 14 to 22% of tolbutamide metabolism. (aspetjournals.org)
Distribution studies showed highest levels in the liver and kidney and lung following oral, dermal and i.v. administration. (europa.eu)
The enzymes involved in metabolism are present in many tissues but generally are more concentrated in the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
Individual drug metabolism rates are influenced by genetic factors, coexisting disorders (particularly chronic liver disorders and advanced heart failure), and drug interactions (especially those involving induction or inhibition of metabolism). (msdmanuals.com)

oritavancin will decrease the level or effect of carbamazepine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. (medscape.com)
oritavancin will decrease the level or effect of disopyramide by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. (medscape.com)
oritavancin will increase the level or effect of fosphenytoin by affecting hepatic enzyme CYP2C9/10 metabolism. (medscape.com)
Overall, systematic biological data suggested that intravenous injection of nanoparticles of pharmaceutical excipients substantially affected hepatic metabolism function and induced oxidative stress and inflammation, whereas oral administration exhibited milder effects compared with intravenous injection. (frontiersin.org)
idelalisib will increase the level or effect of dapsone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. (medscape.com)
ivosidenib will decrease the level or effect of dapsone by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. (medscape.com)

Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically-based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)

In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
In addition, increases in GPX, SOD3, G6PD, HK, and PFK at proteomic and transcriptomic levels suggested elevation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, synthesis of glutathione and nucleotides, and antioxidative pathway activity, whereas oxidative phosphorylation, TCA and mitochondrial energy metabolism were reduced. (frontiersin.org)

In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, this pathway also regulates the redirection of free amino acids to protein synthesis via the mTOR-signaling pathway. (hindawi.com)
Extracellular matrix is a fibrillar network composed of structural (collagens) and adhesion (fibronectin) proteins crucial for tissue architecture and biological pathway Histol Histopathol 27:1515-1528, 2012 . (springer.com)
The computational method outlined in this work is applicable to any adverse outcome pathway, and provide a linkage between chemical exposure, target tissue dose, and adverse outcomes. (epa.gov)

We examined the effect of a postemergence application of fluazifop-P on root uptake, translocation, and metabolism of 14 C-terbacil in 'Kent' strawberry. (bioone.org)
Fluazifop-P had no effect on uptake of 14 C-terbacil from a nutrient solution over 48 h, nor did it affect the proportional distribution of 14 C-label in the plants. (bioone.org)
Thijssen HHW, Drittij-Reijnders MJ, Fischer MAJG: Phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 distribution in rats: Synthesis rather than uptake determines menaquinone-4 organ concentrations. (karger.com)

Disposition and tissue distribution of angiopeptin in the rat. (aspetjournals.org)
The disposition and tissue distribution of angiopeptin, a long-acting octapeptide analogue of somatostatin, were studied in rats following single iv and sc administration of the drug. (aspetjournals.org)
Thank you for sharing this Drug Metabolism & Disposition article. (aspetjournals.org)
Message Body (Your Name) thought you would be interested in this article in Drug Metabolism & Disposition. (aspetjournals.org)

In patients with ulcerative proctitis treated with CANASA® (mesalamine, USP) 500 mg or 1000 mg rectal suppositories, rectal tissue concentrations for 5-ASA and N-acetyl 5-ASA have not been rigorously quantified. (theodora.com)

However, little is known regarding their tissue distribution and relative expression in humans. (diabetesjournals.org)

Rapid and extensive (essentially 100 %) oxidative metabolism, mainly to the metabolite bis (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCP almost 70% of metabolites), occurred. (europa.eu)

Moreover, absent pharmacodynamic differences identifiable physiological entities but rather are abstract between animal species, it is expected that similar responses concepts with meaning only in terms of a particular calcu- will be produced at equivalent tissue exposures regardless lation. (cdc.gov)

Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. (hindawi.com)
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary hemoglobino pathy characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production, hemolytic anemia, and intermittent occlusion of small vessels, leading to acute and chronic tissue ischemia, chronic organ damage, and organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)

Chlorambucil and its metabolites are extensively bound to plasma and tissue proteins. (nih.gov)
Although metabolism typically inactivates drugs, some drug metabolites are pharmacologically active-sometimes even. (msdmanuals.com)
Although metabolism typically inactivates drugs, some drug metabolites are pharmacologically active-sometimes even more so than the parent compound. (msdmanuals.com)

To examine whether moderate obesity and differences in body fat distribution are associated with abnormalities of protein metabolism, leucine turnover was measured in three groups of age-matched premenopausal women. (nih.gov)
A differential response in the development of obesity complications exists depending on WAT depot distribution. (springer.com)

Pharmacokinetic studies following multiple doses of clindamycin hydrochloride for up to 14 days show no evidence of accumulation or altered metabolism of drug. (nih.gov)
Fibrosis is characterized by an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components which could result in tissue dysfunction. (springer.com)
The affinity to the tyrosine hydroxylase and not the function as a melanin precursor lead to an accumulation of (IV) in the melanoma tissue. (curehunter.com)

In addition to genetic factors, nicotine metabolism is influenced by diet and meals, age, sex, use of estrogen-containing hormone preparations, pregnancy and kidney disease, other medications, and smoking itself. (nih.gov)

Typically, rapidly proliferating tumor cells have glycolytic rates up to 200 times higher than those of their normal tissue of origin, even in the presence of oxygen [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
In the ideal case, drugs would be applied at exactly the therapeutic concentration and would precisely target desired cells or tissues. (europa.eu)

Tissue residue distribution and withdrawal time estimation of trimethoprim and sulfachloropyridazine in Yugan black-bone fowl ( Gallus gallus domesticus Brisson). (cabi.org)
However, the metabolism of therapeutic drugs in black-bone fowl remains unclear. (cabi.org)
Shearer MJ, Bach A, Kohlmeier M: Chemistry, nutritional sources, tissue distribution and metabolism of vitamin K with special reference to bone health. (karger.com)
METHODOLOGY: Maintenance dialysis patients were selected for this study, and parameters related to renal function and bone metabolism markers were recorded. (bvsalud.org)

The derivative (IV) cleared more slowly from the tumor tissue than from the other organs thus increasing the tumor -to-organ ratio. (curehunter.com)

The apparent volume of distribution averaged 0.31 L/kg following a single 0.2 mg/kg oral dose of chlorambucil in 11 cancer patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (nih.gov)
Drug metabolism rates vary among patients. (msdmanuals.com)

Igić R, Kojović V. Angiotensin I converting enzyme (kininase II) in ocular tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Igić R, Behnia R. Properties and distribution of angiotensin I converting enzyme. (wikipedia.org)

This study aimed to determine the tissue residue depletion kinetics of trimethoprim and. (cabi.org)

1991. Distribution of Cs-137 soils due to the Goiania accident and decisions for remedial action during the recovery phase. (cdc.gov)

Betamethasone: Rapidly distributed to all body tissues. (mims.com)
Cortisol and glucocorticoids in general play an important role in determining adipose (fat) tissue metabolism and distribution of body fat. (dietdetective.com)

Substantial racial/ethnic differences are observed in nicotine metabolism, which are likely influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. (nih.gov)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal, recessive hemoglobinopathy characterized by hemolytic anemia, intermittent occlusion of small vessels leading to acute and chronic tissue ischemia, and organ dysfunction. (medscape.com)

The 14 C-label was readily translocated to the foliage where it tended to accumulate in vascular tissue. (bioone.org)

After co-injection of oMWCNTs and NDs, oMWCNTs significantly affected the distribution pattern of NDs in vivo . (springer.com)
On the basis of stability studies, the labeled compounds were injected into mice individually or combinedly so as to study their tissue distribution and interaction in vivo . (springer.com)

The impact of MSNs on biochemical metabolism is poorly understood, and few studies have compared the effects of MSNs administered via different routes. (frontiersin.org)

in others, metabolism may be so slow that usual doses have toxic effects. (msdmanuals.com)

The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism , tissue , and cell type. (wikipedia.org)
It has been widely used to collect reliable experimental data in the researches of biodistribution, biotoxicity, and related metabolism [ 13 ]. (springer.com)

and DRUG TOXICITY as a function of dosage, and rate of METABOLISM. (umassmed.edu)

This insolubility makes it very difficult to study Δ 9 -THC in isolated tissue preparations suspended or incubated in the standard electrolyte solutions (such as Krebs Ringer) and obtain dose response curves. (unodc.org)

The extracellular matrix is essential for the architecture of the tissue and a myriad of associated biological functions. (springer.com)
various positive biological effects such as improved l ipid metabolism. (researchgate.net)

Factors that influence the spectrum of adverse effects observed in hypercortisolemic individuals include duration of treatment, potency of the steroid, dose and route of administration, and the site and rate of metabolism and clearance. (medscape.com)
On the contrary, the NDs had no significant effects on the distribution of oMWCNTs in mice. (springer.com)
Topics covered here include allergic reactions, effects on connective tissue structures and pregnancy, phototoxicity, and central nervous system and immune system toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Based on the behavior of the data, a mathematical assessment is the assumption that the toxic effects in a par- model is selected which possesses a sufficient number of ticular tissue can be related in some way to the concentra- compartments (and therefore parameters) to describe the tion time course of an active form of the substance in that data. (cdc.gov)

The site of metabolism has not been elucidated. (theodora.com)

Expression analysis of the gene encoding for the U-box-type ubiquitin ligase UBE4A in human tissues. (nih.gov)
these systems integrate engineered human tissues into physiological microenvironment supplied by a vasculature-like microfluidic perfusion. (nature.com)
The WAT-on-a-chip is a multilayer device that features tissue chambers tailored specifically for the maintenance of 3D tissues based on human primary adipocytes, with supporting nourishment provided through perfused media channels. (nature.com)

Quantitative comparison of the storage protein distribution in glandless and glanded cottonseeds. (usda.gov)

To that end, we used an immunochemical approach to assess the role of individual CYP2Cs in microsomal tolbutamide metabolism. (aspetjournals.org)

Anatomy43

Organisms24

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs76

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment47

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes67

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Excretion6

Absorption2

Pharmacokinetics1

ADME1

Bioavailability1

Adipose Tissue10

Lipid metabolism4

Liver8

Hepatic6

Vitro1

Mitochondrial3

Pathway3

Uptake3

Disposition4

Concentrations1

Humans1

Oxidative1

Abstract1

Abnormal2

Metabolites3

Obesity2

Accumulation3

Genetic factors1

Cells3

Bone4

Organs1

Patients2

Enzyme2

Kinetics1

19911

Body2

Differences1

Organ1

Accumulate1

Vivo2

Studies1

Doses1

Widely2

Dosage1

Study1

Biological2

Effects4

Site1

Human3

Quantitative1

Role1