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Muscle, SmoothMuscle, Smooth, VascularMyocytes, Smooth MuscleMyocytes, CardiacMusclesMuscle ContractionMuscle ProteinsCells, CulturedMuscle, SkeletalMuscle Fibers, SkeletalCalciumMuscle DevelopmentMyocardiumAortaRats, Sprague-DawleyMuscle CellsGuinea PigsRabbitsTracheaEnergy MetabolismMuscle RelaxationLipid MetabolismHeart VentriclesRNA, MessengerSmooth Muscle MyosinsMembrane PotentialsRats, WistarTime FactorsSignal TransductionActinsMuscle Fibers, Fast-TwitchDose-Response Relationship, DrugMitochondria, MuscleMuscle FatigueHeartMuscle DenervationMuscle Fibers, Slow-TwitchAorta, ThoracicEnzyme InhibitorsIsometric ContractionPhosphorylationMyocardial ContractionKineticsCalcium SignalingPatch-Clamp TechniquesGene Expression RegulationSarcoplasmic ReticulumMuscle, StriatedDogsPotassium ChannelsArteriesPapillary MusclesGlucoseCaffeineCell DivisionElectric StimulationOculomotor MusclesMyosin Heavy ChainsPlatelet-Derived Growth FactorImmunohistochemistryPulmonary ArteryNeck MusclesIsoproterenolCalcium Channels, L-TypeAcetylcholineVasoconstrictionMolecular Sequence DataPotassiumMuscle SpindlesRespiratory MusclesEndothelium, VascularAdenosine TriphosphateCalcium ChannelsBlotting, WesternAction PotentialsModels, BiologicalHypertrophyMice, Inbred C57BLCarbacholMice, KnockoutElectrophysiologyGene ExpressionGizzardAnimals, NewbornMuscle WeaknessAngiotensin IIUrinary BladderNitric OxidePotassium ChlorideSarcolemmaCattleBronchiMyosin-Light-Chain KinaseMyosinsCoronary VesselsCalcium Channel BlockersMyofibrilsCell DifferentiationCyclic GMPVentricular Function
Endocrinology and MetabolismMembraneSkeletalLipid metabolismBlood vesselsProliferationMyocardialVascular smooth muscContractilityInsulinEndothelialCalciumReceptorsIschemiaContractileProteinContributesCytoplasmMammalianArterialCardiovascularInhibitsMyosinEmbryonicCellsProteinsEndoplasmic reticulumContractionCardiac muscleAbsorptionMolecularCellTissue
Endocrinology and Metabolism2
Membrane8
  • and the cell membrane in a muscle cell is termed the sarcolemma. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sarcoplasmic reticulum serves as a reservoir for calcium ions, so when an action potential spreads over the T-tubule, it signals the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium ions from the gated membrane channels to stimulate muscle contraction. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell membrane of a cardiac muscle cell has several specialized regions, which may include the intercalated disc, and transverse tubules. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene subfamily is constitutively active at physiological resting membrane potentials in excitable cells, including smooth muscle cells, and has been particularly linked to the human pulmonary circulation. (ersjournals.com)
  • A lot more particularly, the regioisomer 11,12-EET has been shown to be a potent activator on the ion channels sensitive to ATP, to directly decrease the membrane action potential in rat myocytes (Lu et al. (pteninhibitor.com)
  • For instance, ion channel proteins and membrane proteins anchoring in lipid rafts of cardiac myocytes govern the electrical-impulse, regulate polarizing of cells, balance metabolic resources, and stabilize the functional microdomains between the actin cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • In addition, the outcome of impairment of lipid metabolism and membrane organization affects profoundly different on survival and adaptation responses between mouse and fly: most of Ceramide Transfer Protein (Cert) nude mice die from organogenetic defects at the stage of embryo 11. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
  • For what concerns non-genomic activities, T3 can induce changes in the myocyte membrane, involving changes in sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels. (encyclopedia.pub)
Skeletal11
  • A skeletal muscle cell is long and threadlike with many nuclei and is called a muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
  • Myoblasts fuse from multinucleated skeletal muscle cells known as syncytia in a process known as myogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscle cells and cardiac muscle cells both contain myofibrils and sarcomeres and form a striated muscle tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscle cells are the individual contractile cells within a muscle and are more usually known as muscle fibers because of their longer threadlike appearance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Skeletal muscle fibers are the only muscle cells that are multinucleated with the nuclei usually referred to as myonuclei. (wikipedia.org)
  • In skeletal muscle, at the end of each muscle fiber, the outer layer of the sarcolemma combines with tendon fibers at the myotendinous junction. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac muscle like the skeletal muscle is also striated and the cells contain myofibrils, myofilaments, and sarcomeres as the skeletal muscle cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the clinical use of thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes is based on effects of these agents in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle to improve glycemic control, PPAR-γ is also expressed in myocardium ( 4 - 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The thyroid gland primarily secretes T4, which is then de-iodinated in its active form, T3, in the liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The lesions are characterized by painful swellings in soft connective tissue, including tendons, ligaments, fascia, and skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
  • The presence of macrophages, lymphocytes and mast cells in early fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lesions, macrophage and lymphocyte-associated death of skeletal muscle, flare-ups following viral infections, the intermittent timing of flare-ups, and the beneficial response of early flare-ups to corticosteroids support involvement of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva lesions. (medscape.com)
Lipid metabolism2
Blood vessels2
Proliferation3
  • Previously we demonstrated that progesterone at physiologic levels dose dependently inhibited cell proliferation in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The aged artery is characterized by endothelial disruption, enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell (VMSC) migration and proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, elastin fracture, and matrix calcification/amyloidosis/glycation. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Experimental data have implicated gp130, a subunit of the receptor for interleukin-6 (IL-6)-related cytokines, in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). (uni-luebeck.de)
Myocardial2
  • Impact of diet, obesity or systemic metabolic disorders on myocardial metabolism mitochondrial function, or the response to ischemia/reperfusion. (nih.gov)
  • We aimed to investigate the effect of PLCA on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) and on myocardial I/R in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
Vascular smooth musc2
  • Perivascular adipose tissue-derived visfatin is a vascular smooth muscle cell growth factor: role of nicotinamide mononucleotide. (thieme-connect.com)
  • These EETs have lots of biological functions including, but not restricted to, angiogenesis, regulation of vasodilation, inhibition of cytokine-induced endothelial cell adhesion-molecule expression, inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell migration, protection of endothelial cells against hypoxia-reoxygenation injury, upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide biosynthesis, and protection of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (Larsen et al. (pteninhibitor.com)
Contractility3
  • Amlodipine decreases arterial smooth muscle contractility and subsequent vasoconstriction by inhibiting the influx of calcium ions through L-type calcium channels. (pharmfair.com)
  • Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is a relevant component of the adaptive response of the myocardium to stress, and plays a critical role in regulating both heart rate and contractility of myocytes: hyperthyroidism is correlated with atrial arrhythmias, hypertension, and heart failure, and increases the risk of heart failure and mortality in cardiopathic patients [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The effect determined by TH on myocyte contractility is due to both genomic and non-genomic mechanisms. (encyclopedia.pub)
Insulin2
Endothelial4
  • In this study, the effects of JTE-013, a specific antagonist of the migration-inhibitory receptor EDG-5, on Sph-1-P-elicited responses were examined in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which expressed EDG-5 protein weakly and abundantly, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Nowadays, more and more studies have revealed that cells in the cardiovascular system (such as cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, et al. (frontiersin.org)
  • BBHV and Atherosclerosis and Vascular Inflammation (AVI) have shared interests in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells. (nih.gov)
  • Applications that emphasize endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and inflammatory cells in the context of atherosclerosis will be reviewed in AVI. (nih.gov)
Calcium7
  • Other than the direct effects of the beta-adrenoreceptor blockade, toxicity may result from other mechanisms, including sodium and calcium channel blockade, centrally mediated cardiac depression, and alteration of cardiac myocyte energy metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • The first activation occurs in the liver, whilst the second activation occurs in the kidneys, taking into account regulation of calcium metabolism. (avoxly.com)
  • It acts primarily on vascular smooth muscle cells by stabilizing voltage-gated L-type calcium channels in their inactive conformation. (pharmfair.com)
  • By inhibiting the influx of calcium in smooth muscle cells, amlodipine prevents calcium-dependent myocyte contraction and vasoconstriction. (pharmfair.com)
  • A second proposed mechanism for the drug's vasodilatory effects involves pH-dependent inhibition of calcium influx via inhibition of smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase. (pharmfair.com)
  • Inhibition of the initial influx of calcium decreases the contractile activity of arterial smooth muscle cells and results in vasodilation. (pharmfair.com)
  • Another possible mechanism is that amlodipine inhibits vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I activity causing cellular pH increases which may be involved in regulating intracelluar calcium influx through calcium channels. (pharmfair.com)
Receptors2
  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate gene transcription, particularly those affecting energy substrate metabolism and inflammation ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Based on these findings, we conclude that focal ischemic stroke increases vascular sensitivity to UDP-β-S by upregulating P2Y6 receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells while experimental SAH did not induce changes in vasoreactivity in spite of increased P2Y6 receptor expression. (regionh.dk)
Ischemia1
  • We previously demonstrated that chronic pretreatment with a thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ activator, troglitazone, improves recovery of left ventricular (LV) function and substrate metabolism after ischemia and reperfusion, without causing arrhythmias. (diabetesjournals.org)
Contractile1
  • Cardiac myocytes: Contractile function and mechanical stress generation. (nih.gov)
Protein3
  • A striated muscle fiber contains myofibrils consisting of long protein chains of myofilaments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Burton M. Altura team using intact animals, isolated organs, tissues and cells in culture to understand how divalent cations (Mg2+ and Ca2+), sphingolipids, lipid messengers, protein kinase C and nuclear transcription factors control normal functions of vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes and several types of neuronal cells. (scholarena.com)
  • Now, Guo and García have revealed that a protein called SIR-2.1, which regulates metabolism in worms, also helps to protect the animals from the effects of aging. (elifesciences.org)
Contributes2
  • embryologically, this multinucleate condition results from multiple myoblasts fusing to produce each muscle fiber, where each myoblast contributes one nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • CYP2J2 also contributes to drug metabolism and is accountable for the NUAK1 Inhibitor Source intestinal clearance of ebastine. (pteninhibitor.com)
Cytoplasm1
  • Within the cytoplasm of the cardiac myocyte milrinone inhibits the enzyme PDE 3 which results in the inhibition of the breakdown of cyclic AMP which in turn results in elevated cellular levels of cAMP. (derangedphysiology.com)
Mammalian1
  • [2] The smooth ER is especially abundant in mammalian liver and gonad cells. (ipfs.io)
Arterial1
  • The pathophysiology behind hypertension in the elderly is a complex process that is not entirely understood, but it is attributed to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance caused by decreased elasticity and increased stiffness due to smooth muscle hypertrophy in arterial walls. (uspharmacist.com)
Cardiovascular1
  • Most recently, targeting lipid rafts modification has become a unified strategy in immunotherapy of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and Regenerative medicine for replacing neuron and human coronary artery smooth muscle cell. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
Inhibits1
  • Milrinone also cause peripheral vasodilatation by inhibiting PDE3 in vascular smooth muscle cells which again results in elevated cAMP levels.In vascular smooth muscle cAMP normally inhibits myosin light chain kinase the enzyme that is responsible for phosphorylating smooth muscle myosin and causing muscle contraction. (derangedphysiology.com)
Myosin3
Embryonic1
  • Muscle cells (including myocytes and muscle fibers) develop from embryonic precursor cells called myoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
Cells5
  • A muscle cell is also known as a myocyte when referring to either a cardiac muscle cell (cardiomyocyte) or a smooth muscle cell, as these are both small cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac muscle cells form the cardiac muscle in the walls of the heart chambers, and have a single central nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cardiac muscle cells are joined to neighboring cells by intercalated discs, and when joined in a visible unit they are described as a cardiac muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smooth muscle cells control involuntary movements such as the peristalsis contractions in the esophagus and stomach. (wikipedia.org)
  • Smooth muscle cells have a single nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
  • Fusion depends on muscle-specific proteins known as fusogens called myomaker and myomerger. (wikipedia.org)
Endoplasmic reticulum4
  • The sarcoplasmic reticulum, a specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, forms a network around each myofibril of the muscle fiber. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough and smooth. (ipfs.io)
  • The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism, the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification . (ipfs.io)
  • The quantity of both rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a cell can slowly interchange from one type to the other, depending on the changing metabolic activities of the cell. (ipfs.io)
Contraction1
Cardiac muscle1
Absorption1
  • 7 Other physiologic changes that can occur aside from those in the heart ultimately affect all aspects of a drug's pharmacokinetic properties including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. (uspharmacist.com)
Molecular1
  • While the link between metabolism and aging is well known, the work of Guo and García offers insights into some of the molecular mechanisms that may form the basis of this relationship. (elifesciences.org)
Cell2
  • The unusual microscopic anatomy of a muscle cell gave rise to its terminology. (wikipedia.org)
  • This occurs during myogenesis with the fusion of myoblasts each contributing a nucleus to the newly formed muscle cell or myotube. (wikipedia.org)
Tissue1
  • Nevertheless, the interaction between arachidonic acid metabolism and drug metabolism in cardiac tissue, the principle expression web page of CYP2J2, has not been examined. (pteninhibitor.com)