Cytochrome P-4VivoMonooxygenasesDrug metabolismLipid MetabolismHumansOxidative stressSynthesisPhenotypeEnergy MetabolismPhotosynthesisHydroxylationHemeSubstrateP450CYP2C19MonooxygenaseMitochondrial functionAminoVitroOxysterolSteroidProteinSequenceInhibitionBiologicalCarbonReactionsInteractionsSignificantlyFattyLiverMajorResearchGenesMiceResponsibleEssentialDrugsTermAreaContentDate
Cytochrome P-42
- Most other toxic effects of absorbed carbon tetrachloride are related to its metabolism by mixed function cytochrome P-450 oxygenases (in humans, primarily CYP2E1, but also CYP3A). (cdc.gov)
- Although cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed function oxygenases are important in the activation of arylamines, there are target tissues for arylamines which do not contain these oxygenases. (mun.ca)
Vivo5
- In conclusion, we have succeeded in carrying out an in vitro/in vivo scaling of alprazolam metabolism using human liver microsomes and human CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 recombinants. (nih.gov)
- In vivo, CYP2B6 may be a major determinant of methadone metabolism and disposition, and CYP2B6 activity and stereoselective metabolic interactions may confer variability in methadone disposition. (duke.edu)
- It is likely that in these cases, the level of modulates the metabolism of in vivo probes. (dundee.ac.uk)
- The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on in vivo muscle mitochondrial function in humans are controversial. (medscape.com)
- In vivo mitochondrial function [maximal ATP synthesis rate (ATPmax), ATPflux/O 2 (P/O)] was determined by 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy, and body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. (medscape.com)
Monooxygenases4
- The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O with incorporation of one atom of oxygen (internal monooxygenases o internal mixed-function oxidases). (wikipedia.org)
- They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). (bvsalud.org)
- Here, we report the structures of two Rieske monooxygenases involved in the biosynthesis of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), SxtT and GxtA, adding to the short list of structurally characterized Rieske oxygenases. (nature.com)
- The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. (csb-bioenergetics.nl)
Drug metabolism2
- For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
- Drug Metabolism and Disposition: the Biological Fate of Chemicals, vol. 35, no. 7, 2007, pp. 1081-8. (unboundmedicine.com)
Lipid Metabolism1
- Finally, we demonstrated that defective BTLA function can be corrected by restoring intracellular trafficking and by normalizing the lipid metabolism in lupus CD4+ T cells. (cnrs.fr)
Humans3
- We evaluated muscle mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional profiles in nonobese humans after 12 months of CR. (medscape.com)
- [ 12 ] The activity of key mitochondrial enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, β-oxidation, and the electron transport system, conversely, were unchanged, [ 12 ] leaving many unanswered questions regarding the effects of CR on muscle-specific mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)
- To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials that have examined the effects of long-term CR on muscle mitochondrial function in humans. (medscape.com)
Oxidative stress3
- Combining network analysis and metabolomics, QJD exerted therapeutic effects by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, regulating glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
- Myocyte-restricted Hmox1 transgenic mice exposed to MI exhibited significantly improved survival and LV function, lower interstitial fibrosis and oxidative stress. (springer.com)
- Targeted transcriptional profiling showed no effects on pathways involved inmitochondrial biogenesis, function, or oxidative stress. (medscape.com)
Synthesis1
- Oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase has broad substrate specificity for sterol metabolites and may be involved in many metabolic processes including bile acid synthesis and neurosteroid metabolism. (omeka.net)
Phenotype1
- however, having a "more coupled" (versus "less coupled") phenotype enables CR-induced improvements in muscle mitochondrial function. (medscape.com)
Energy Metabolism1
- Functional analysis indicated that differential metabolites were related to energy metabolism, including glucose metabolism, TCA cycle, and amino acid metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Photosynthesis1
- Upon arrival in Urbana, Dick indicated I could choose either research with him on nitrogen metabolism or on photosynthesis with "a bright young guy" in the USDA's soybean lab. (aspb.org)
Hydroxylation1
- The average CL(int) value (sum of 4- and alpha-hydroxylation) obtained using three human liver microsomal samples was 4-fold higher than that obtained using three small intestinal microsomal samples from the same donors, indicating the minor contribution of intestinal metabolism to alprazolam disposition. (nih.gov)
Heme3
- In the nucleus, Nrf2 identifies and binds to a conserved antioxidant response component (ARE) and induces transcription of the battery pack of chemoprotective antoxidant genes9,10, including those encoding antioxidant proteins like heme oxygenase (HO-1)11. (mingsheng88.org)
- Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) is a stress-inducible protein crucial in heme catabolism. (springer.com)
- Heme oxygenase-1 (Hmox1) catalyzes the conversion of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ). (springer.com)
Substrate2
- This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on single donors with O2 as oxidant and incorporation of two atoms of oxygen into the substrate (oxygenases). (wikipedia.org)
- The sequence divergence within the class presents a challenge in assigning one of these functions to a given Rieske oxygenase, let alone predict the substrate, site of reactivity, or type of reaction (Fig. 1a ). (nature.com)
P4503
- There were minor model differences between cytochromes P450 to account for stereoselectivity of metabolism and enantiomeric interactions. (duke.edu)
- A cytochrome P450 enzyme family whose members function primarily in the metabolism of XENOBIOTICS, including drugs and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS. (musc.edu)
- The human CYP4F2 gene encodes a LTB4 omega-hydroxylase P450 prominently expressed in liver and kidney that functions to metabolize and inactivate the pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, LTB4 and arachidonic acid. (omeka.net)
CYP2C191
- This investigation evaluated stereoselectivity, models, and kinetic parameters for methadone N-demethylation by recombinant CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19, and the potential for interactions between enantiomers during racemate metabolism. (duke.edu)
Monooxygenase1
- Other names in common use include arginine monooxygenase, arginine decarboxylase, arginine oxygenase (decarboxylating), and arginine decarboxy-oxidase. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondrial function3
- Rapid evolution of the mitochondrial genome, including fixation of both adaptive and deleterious mutations, creates intrinsic selection pressures favoring nuclear gene mutations that maintain mitochondrial function. (escholarship.org)
- Resveratrol activated a protein in the sirtuin family (SIRT1), which then stimulated the activity of another protein involved in mitochondrial function. (lifeextension.com)
- One study demonstrated that although lifelong CR preserved muscle mitochondrial function in mice, it did so by protecting the integrity and function of existing mitochondrial cellular components rather than by increasing biogenesis. (medscape.com)
Amino2
- This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups. (wikipedia.org)
- d) It is highly significant in the liver and kid-neys of birds which excrete uric acid as the end product of purine metabolism and also of protein and amino acid catabolism. (biologydiscussion.com)
Vitro1
- CYP2B6 is a predominant catalyst of stereoselective methadone metabolism in vitro. (duke.edu)
Oxysterol1
- Structure and functions of human oxysterol 7alpha-hydroxylase cDNAs and gene CYP7B1. (omeka.net)
Steroid2
- Thus any process or systemic condition that alters this optimal inflammatory milieu, such as bone diseases like osteoporosis or severe trauma, steroid therapy, diabetes, or advanced age, can disrupt the normal fracture healing process, resulting in nonunions or delayed healing, pain, disfigurement, and loss of function. (hindawi.com)
- Sex steroid metabolism polymorphisms and mammographic density in pre- and early perimenopausal women. (umassmed.edu)
Protein1
- Rieske oxygenases in particular are underexplored in this regard, with only twelve available structures of different enzymes in the Protein Data Bank 21 . (nature.com)
Sequence2
- They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). (bvsalud.org)
- a Sequence similarity network of Rieske oxygenases (Pfam PF00355) generated by the EFI-EST 59 server at an E-value of 5 and alignment score of 65, visualized in Cytoscape v3.7.1 60 . (nature.com)
Inhibition1
- Interestingly, we also found that pgp modulated the inhibition of CYP3A4-mediated metabolism by several compounds in intact cells. (dundee.ac.uk)
Biological2
- Metabolism and other biological behaviours of these constituents have been extensively reported in the published literature and this is discussed further below. (europa.eu)
- In order to further explore the mechanism, the effect of biological and phenolic antioxidants on metabolism and binding of the activated products of [¹⁴C] MAB was studied. (mun.ca)
Carbon2
- Following our Rubisco discoveries Bill's lab went on to many other substantive findings in photosynthetic carbon metabolism and thus he rightly deserves the attribution of "Pioneer" in plant biology. (aspb.org)
- Pulmonary function tests and a carbon monoxide diffusion capacity test of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) are used routinely in evaluation and follow-up. (medscape.com)
Reactions2
- Rieske oxygenases are examples of enzymes with the ability to perform precise mono- or dioxygenation reactions on a variety of substrates. (nature.com)
- This shift in thinking was made clear in an excellent review article in Nature headed 'The Role of Metabolism Metabolism is a term that is used to describe the chemical reactions that take place within the body's cells. (patrickholford.com)
Interactions2
- Scholars@Duke publication: Enantiomeric metabolic interactions and stereoselective human methadone metabolism. (duke.edu)
- Aerobic metabolism in eukaryotic cells requires extensive interactions between products of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. (escholarship.org)
Significantly1
- Splenectomy decreased the numbers of circulating inflammatory Ly6C hi monocytes in blood, reduced the numbers of proinflammatory cardiac macrophages and significantly improved the post-MI LV function in Hmox1 −/− mice. (springer.com)
Fatty1
- The epub cracked putting broken is AFB1 in that it too especially is recombinant clear pathways( improper investors near varnishes that completed fast buried for function) but fatty concerns of Nx1 province, always. (opticasoftware.com)
Liver1
- Further in-depth research are merited to define the precise response as well as the mechanistic function of Nrf2 aimed antioxidant pathway in the pathogenesis of HCV induced liver organ damage. (mingsheng88.org)
Major1
- Life Cycle nations requirements boost Underinsured derivatives or people hard to metals of major Oxygenases and in military demands of the epub cracked putting broken lives together again a doctors story reclamation. (opticasoftware.com)
Research2
- Decades of research has illuminated the critical features common to Rieske oxygenases, however, structural information for enzymes that functionalize diverse scaffolds is limited. (nature.com)
- Latest research showed that GSK3 is normally mixed up in legislation of Nrf217 also,18,19. (mingsheng88.org)
Genes1
- Several scenarios now appear to satisfactorily explain this phenomenon, including cases where differences in mtDNA genetic load may drive introgression or where co-introgression of coadapted nuclear genes may support the function of introgressed mtDNA. (escholarship.org)
Mice1
- Then, starting from 7th until 21st day post-MI a more potent deterioration of LV function was observed in Hmox1 −/− than in the surviving Hmox1 +/+ mice. (springer.com)
Responsible1
- Understanding the structural features of Rieske oxygenases responsible for control over selectivity is essential to enable the development of this class of enzymes for biocatalytic applications. (nature.com)
Essential2
- The asparaginyl hydroxylase factor inhibiting HIF-1alpha is an essential regulator of metabolism. (cnrs.fr)
- Of several of the pathways, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 provides surfaced as the integration stage and plays an essential function in managing the Nrf2 activity. (mingsheng88.org)
Drugs2
- 2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). (bvsalud.org)
- Ranitidine has the potential to affect the absorption, metabolism or renal excretion of other drugs. (medicaldialogues.in)
Term1
- Taken together, these data lead to the question of whether duration (chronic versus short-term) is a key determinant of CR-induced changes in muscle mitochondrial mass and function. (medscape.com)
Area1
- cousin preserve test from 003B2 in freely one leather but area can thank science of your metabolism in not a culture of tropical. (opticasoftware.com)
Content1
- Mitochondrial changes (content and function) are at the heart of a wide range of age-related diseases. (medscape.com)
Date1
- In the Rieske oxygenase class, work to date has been conducted on a small sample of enzymes, specifically those that perform dioxygenation of aromatic rings. (nature.com)