• Sophisticated programs of gene expression are widely observed in biology, for example to trigger developmental pathways, respond to environmental stimuli, or adapt to new food sources. (wikipedia.org)
  • and the regulation of the expression of enzyme-coding genes associated with important metabolic pathways. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Metabolism underpins development and physiology, but little is known about how metabolic genes and pathways are regulated, especially in multicellular organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • To map the epigenetic marks on metabolic enzymes, pathways, and domains, we used the genome-wide functional annotations of metabolism we generated previously ( 6 ). (biorxiv.org)
  • The construction of the network involves target gene prediction of experimentally verified miRNAs of rice and then appending associated metabolic pathways to the network. (bvsalud.org)
  • Increasingly, complimentary cell culture techniques, which recapitulate the developmental microenvironment, are employed to coax cells to adopt new identities by indirectly regulating transcription factor activity via intracellular signalling pathways. (silverchair.com)
  • Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
  • Future investigations of miR-34 targets that regulate the expression of EcR-B1 in MB γ neurons are warranted to elucidate pathways that regulate axon pruning, and to provide insight into mechanisms that control large-scale axon degeneration in the nervous system. (sdbonline.org)
  • The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
  • We examine how transdifferentiation protocols are evolving to ever more faithfully recapitulate normal developmental biology using increasingly sophisticated biomimetic techniques and ectopic transcription factor expression. (silverchair.com)
  • This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Research focuses on inflammation, tissue repair and developmental biology in the context of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
  • These variations can affect the liver's metabolic properties, leading to high levels of metabolites, either in the forms of lipids, proteins or xenobiotics, which can result in serious diseases or toxic side-effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Genetic and Molecular Regulation of Seed Storage Proteins (SSPs) to Improve Protein Nutritional Value of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Seeds. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Polycomb Group (PcG) of proteins compact chromatin keeping genes in a repressed state. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Alternatively, it can also attract proteins that block gene transcription. (prohealth.com)
  • Research reported in The Plant Cell shows that microRNAs control the accumulation of transcription factor proteins that regulate the expression of genes in the auxin response pathway. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are encoded by genes and are themselves templates for the proteins that carry the main metabolic functions in a cell. (sciencedaily.com)
  • There are many AGO1-like proteins in animals and other eukaryotes as well, indicating that the RNA-induced silencing complex is of ancient evolutionary origin, and that microRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression is shared among many eukaryotes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • To direct signals to specific target genes, Ets proteins interact with (other) transcription factors that promote the binding of Ets proteins to composite Ras-responsive elements. (embl.de)
  • Within the macronuclear DNA, specific genes are amplified and transcribed to produce functional RNA molecules, which are then translated into proteins. (philosophynews.com)
  • Given the substantial inter-individual variation seen in metabolism, regulation of nutrients, protein synthesis, and detoxification of xenobiotics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, compared to developmental processes, knowledge about the epigenetic regulation of metabolism is limited in multicellular organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • To determine how metabolism is regulated epigenetically, we first identified regulatory patterns of epigenetic modification across all metabolic domains. (biorxiv.org)
  • For example, genes associated with energy metabolism showed higher expression levels compared to those involved in specialized metabolism (Fig. S1B). (biorxiv.org)
  • MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding small RNAs, which post-transcriptionally regulate a large number of genes and are now known to be important regulators in a wide variety of biological processes including metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
  • Members of the insulin family peptides have conserved roles in the regulation of growth and metabolism in a wide variety of metazoans. (riken.jp)
  • Because Dilp regulates both growth and metabolism during development, we are analyzing the physiological significance of the regulation of sugar metabolism by insulin/IGF signaling. (riken.jp)
  • MicroRNAs constitute a pervasive post-transcriptional filter on protein or mRNA expression levels that are likely to control developmental timing, cellular differentiation, stress responses, metabolism and proliferation. (mdpi.com)
  • This developmental change is also accompanied by a shift in metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PageMan analysis revealed several significantly enriched categories altered by MeJA+NaCl treatment, compared with NaCl treatment alone, including genes involved in secondary metabolism, glutathione-based redox regulation, cell cycle, transcription factors (TFs), and other signal transductions (such as calcium and ROS). (frontiersin.org)
  • There is a current emphasis on regulation of the metabolism and understanding the pathophysiology associated with obesity and both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (umanitoba.ca)
  • By modulating the expression of specific genes, the macronucleus allows Paramecium to adjust its metabolism, behavior, and morphology in response to environmental cues. (philosophynews.com)
  • The liver X-receptors (LXRs) act as cholesterol sensors and participate in the regulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. (scirp.org)
  • Lxr ligand activation affected the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in zebrafish adult brain and eye as well as in zebrafish embryos. (scirp.org)
  • The expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism was also changed in the lxr morphants. (scirp.org)
  • Activation of Liver X Receptor Improves Glucose Tolerance through Coordinate Regulation of Glucose Metabolism in Liver and Adipose Tissue," Proceedings of the National Acadamy of Sciences of the USA, 29 April 2003, pp. 5419-5424. (scirp.org)
  • Reprogramming techniques continue to evolve as we learn more about the developmental and molecular cues which govern cellular differentiation and identity. (silverchair.com)
  • The close link between cell and tissue growth control and environmental cues ensures that developmental transitions occur at the appropriate time during animal development. (riken.jp)
  • Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
  • However, there is substantial inter-individual variation in hepatic gene expression, and although numerous genetic factors have been identified, less is known about the epigenetic factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Of the 526 unique eQTL associated genes, 293 correlated significantly not only with genetic variation but also with methylation levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our analyses generated a comprehensive resource of factors involved in the regulation of hepatic gene expression, and allowed us to estimate the proportion of variation in gene expression that could be attributed to genetic and epigenetic variation, both crucial to understanding differences in drug response and the etiology of liver diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is essential to have a better understanding on inter-individual variation of gene expression, methylation and genetic effects specific to liver, and on different conditions, e.g. developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Epigenetics refers to the study of changes in gene activity which do not involve alterations to the genetic code but still may passed down to at least one successive generation. (prohealth.com)
  • While genetic factors set the foundation for our biological traits, environmental factors can modify and shape gene expression throughout life. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • This research reflects our expertise in genetic regulation of endocrine and neural tissues including pituitary and placenta, endocrine-related cancers and heart failure. (umanitoba.ca)
  • Unlike the micronucleus, which is involved in sexual reproduction and genetic exchange, the macronucleus is involved in the daily metabolic activities of the cell. (philosophynews.com)
  • Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • To this end, preventive screening for genetic disorders, including developmental disabilities, is an essential component in uncovering possible disorders early, thus enabling timely medical intervention. (who.int)
  • Methylation of DNA is a common method of gene silencing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Often, DNA methylation and histone deacetylation work together in gene silencing. (wikipedia.org)
  • We observed that meQTL were more stable between tissues than eQTL and a very strong tissue-specificity for the identified associations between CpG methylation and gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCR2 targets genes that are developmentally regulated and catalyzes di- and histone tri-methylation, resulting in chromatin compaction and gene repression. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Methylation generally serves to suppress gene transcription, meaning that genes with methyl tags are less likely to be expressed. (prohealth.com)
  • The change occurred because the environmental exposure altered the methylation pattern in the mouse genome, silencing the agouti gene responsible for yellow fat cell formation. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications at putative regulatory regions correlating with the altered expression of genes implicated in phenotypic development have been observed in a number of animal models of early life compromise [3] - [8] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • The epigenetic code is determined by several mechanisms that affect gene expression, the most well-known of which is DNA methylation (See Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • This happens because BPA decreases DNA methylation so that more offspring have unmethylated Agouti genes. (cdc.gov)
  • When pregnant mice are exposed to BPA along with a vitamin B cocktail (including B12 and folic acid) which increase methylation of the Agouti gene, the offspring are no longer predominantly yellow and obese. (cdc.gov)
  • A genome-scale miRNA-miRNA co-functional network (MFSN) is constructed based on co-regulatory interactions among the miRNAs and common target genes by applying transformational procedures. (bvsalud.org)
  • Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA). (wikipedia.org)
  • Transcription of a gene by RNA polymerase can be regulated by several mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, such mechanisms can influence the expression of hepatic ADME genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The identification of disease-causing genes is the first and most important step toward understanding the biological mechanisms underlying a disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • The goal of this project is to identify the mechanisms that regulate the diminished growth and altered metabolic responses to nutrition in premature and low birth weight infants and to develop new nutritional strategies to optimize their growth and development. (bcm.edu)
  • In this project, independent researchers are investigating three mechanisms that are likely involved in glucose regulation by the liver. (bcm.edu)
  • This project combines work of two independent investigators working to understand epigenetic mechanisms of developmental programming. (bcm.edu)
  • Epigenetic mechanisms regulate cell-type specific gene expression, are established during development, and persist for life. (bcm.edu)
  • The Goodell Lab focuses on the basic mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem (HSC) cells, and how their mis-regulation leads to leukemia development. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • These findings reveal novel cellular mechanisms of noise regulation, which are likely to play important roles in other aspects of physiology and disease. (elifesciences.org)
  • In particular, we are interested in addressing the following questions: 1) How do organisms adapt their growth program to changes in energy needs and states, 2) what are the molecular mechanisms that sense nutrient availability and regulate body size, and 3) how do endocrine signals interact with metabolic and growth regulators? (riken.jp)
  • The environment can exert direct or indirect effects on gene expression by altering various molecular mechanisms involved in DNA transcription, processing, translation, folding, and degradation. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • In our obesogenic environment, it is of great socioeconomic importance to investigate the mechanisms that contribute to the risk of metabolic ill health. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • We demonstrate that, despite the functional mono-allelicism of imprinted genes and their unique mechanisms of epigenetic dosage control, imprinted genes as a class are neither more susceptible nor protected from expression perturbation induced by maternal undernutrition in either the F1 or the F2 generation compared to other genes. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Substantial portion of molecules in an organism is involved in regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Although the processes are very different, the principles of the regulation are the same in all these systems. (researchsquare.com)
  • pH has a strong influence upon the availability of mineral nutrients needed for plant growth and developmental processes. (globalsciencebooks.info)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in many developmental and cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most of the biological processes were associated with cellular processes, biological regulation, metabolic processes, and developmental processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Other SNPs are related to low-molecular-weight metabolite synthesis, and may be associated with flavonoid biosynthesis and circadian rhythm-related metabolic processes. (peerj.com)
  • Research conducted by three independent groups and reported in The Plant Cell shows that fundamental developmental processes controlled by the plant hormone auxin are regulated by microRNAs in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Auxin influences development by affecting the expression of numerous genes that control the processes of cell division and cell expansion in specific plant tissues at specific stages during the plant life cycle - e.g. for leaves, roots, and floral organs to develop in the correct patterns and correct time sequence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This unique structure allows for rapid gene expression and facilitates the macronucleus' role in regulating various cellular processes. (philosophynews.com)
  • A developmental per- contexts interact with biological processes to affect food spective considers family, school, and community context. (cdc.gov)
  • Many remain small to adulthood and are at an increased risk for developing metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. (bcm.edu)
  • The inherent cell-type specificity of epigenetic regulation motivates development of techniques to isolate and study specific cell types of relevance to obesity and digestive diseases. (bcm.edu)
  • The turning on of this gene leads not only to changes in coat color but to predisposition to all kinds of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes. (cdc.gov)
  • Our technology offers a safe, effective way to prevent and treat obesity and obesity-related disorders through opsin 3 regulation of hypothalamic melanocortin receptors. (technologypublisher.com)
  • Risk for obesity and metabolic disorders begins during perspective can inform more effective and sustainable gestation (1). (cdc.gov)
  • Another study found pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight, a that smoking during the 12 months before birth of a child marker of risk for obesity and other metabolic disorders was associated with adolescent overweight (21). (cdc.gov)
  • Virtually any step of gene expression can be modulated, from transcriptional initiation, to RNA processing, and to the post-translational modification of a protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mutants defective in H3K27m3 and H3K18ac modifications showed that both modifications are required to determine the normal transcriptional kinetics of these genes upon stress stimuli. (biorxiv.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small (approximately 22 nt) endogenous non-coding RNAs that direct post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • miRNAs are either expressed from independent transcriptional units or derive from introns of protein-coding genes or exons or introns of long ncRNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ectopic expression of vector-delivered transcription factors (particularly the triumvirate of Pdx1, Ngn3 and MafA) induces reprogramming through broad transcriptional remodelling. (silverchair.com)
  • MeJA triggered a large-scale transcriptomic remodeling, which might be mediated by transcriptional regulation through TFs or post-transcriptional regulation through demethylation. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, we have examined four microarray datasets of high-grade ovarian cancer cells to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). (bvsalud.org)
  • One-third of the 471 genes predicted to encode transcription factors are differentially expressed during sexual development of S. commune . (nature.com)
  • Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research. (lu.se)
  • A developmen- sity from a developmental perspective combines social tal perspective recognizes the cumulative effects of factors context and biological influences with individual behav- that contribute to eating behavior and obesity, including ior (4,5). (cdc.gov)
  • 11), altered liver structure and function (12), altered naire data from 8,765 children aged 5 to 7 years, smoking gene expression (13), and possibly type 2 diabetes mel- after pregnancy was not associated with childhood obesity litus (10). (cdc.gov)
  • High levels of Na + in the rhizosphere can cause detrimental effects on plants, leading to photosynthetic inhibition, enzyme deactivation, and metabolic alterations ( Yang and Guo, 2018 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Glutathione is a low molecular multifunction metabolite playing a critical antioxidant function, contributing to redox signaling, modulation of gene expression and the regulation of different enzyme activities. (ugr.es)
  • APL 2 and APL 3 were highly expressed in earlier stages of turion development, while APL 1 expression was reduced throughout turion development. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In Drosophila, the hormone ecdysone governs transitions between key developmental stages. (sdbonline.org)
  • Analyses have been performed using olive anthers at different developmental stages, as well as mature olive pollen (dehiscent) and olive pollen induced to germinate in vitro, at different times after germination onset. (ugr.es)
  • About 65,587 of 82,663 transcripts were translated into 99,307 peptides, and we were successful in assigning InterPro annotations to 45,209 peptides and gene ontology (GO) terms to 32,638 peptides. (oregonstate.edu)
  • To better understand the function of the altered genes, gene ontology and pathway analysis are performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • The induction of starch turnover in the mutant specifically under high light conditions leads us to conclude that it is regulated by one or more metabolic signals, which arise as a result of phosphate limitation of photosynthesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Several genes involved in different aspects of stem cell activation are being studied, including some that transduce initial signals, and others that regulate self-renewal and differentiation. (chicagobiomedicalconsortium.org)
  • Morphogen gradients induce sharply defined domains of gene expression in a concentration-dependent manner, yet how cells interpret these signals in the face of spatial and temporal noise remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • These signals can activate or silence genes, impacting their activity and ultimately influencing phenotype - an individual's observable characteristics. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Often, one gene regulator controls another, and so on, in a gene regulatory network. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the third mode, reguland regulation, the regulated entity is the target of a regulatory shift, which is often irreversible or requires action of another regulator to return to original state. (researchsquare.com)
  • Further, regulatory networks were constructed by the DEGs which are also co-expressed and the hub genes were identified. (bvsalud.org)
  • mRNAs corresponding to several regulatory genes that mediate auxin responses contain short stretches of sequence that are complementary to microRNAs, and therefore have been considered potential targets of microRNA-mediated regulation. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our goal is to collaborate with biopharma partners/funders who can bring into play the developmental, translational, and financial resources needed to advance this technology through regulatory approval and into the commercial marketplace. (technologypublisher.com)
  • In addition, growth and developmental timing are also governed by nutrient availability. (riken.jp)
  • We have also conducted in vivo RNAi screening to identify new players regulating growth and developmental timing at the organismal level. (riken.jp)
  • Moreover, to cope with stressful conditions, plants undergo growth and developmental arrest and prioritize defense responses, resulting in physiological and developmental alterations ( Lozano-Durán and Zipfel, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Such modifications are considered to be responsible for more or less permanent changes in gene expression levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Epigenetics, the study of changes in gene expression not caused by alterations in the DNA sequence, has revolutionized our understanding of genetics and its impact on health and longevity. (prohealth.com)
  • Epigenetics refers to changes in gene function that occur without altering DNA sequence. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • These are accompanied by major changes in gene regulation and the molecular evolution of caste determination. (nature.com)
  • Several factors contribute to the uncontrolled expression of certain genes in cancer thus making them act as oncogenes or tumour suppressors. (bvsalud.org)
  • The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
  • Various levels of regulation, including epigenetic modifications and transcription factors, play important roles in coordinating the expression of genes. (biorxiv.org)
  • MicroRNAs are tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules (~22 nucleotides long) that recently have been found to play important roles in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic organisms, including plants and animals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, we propose that those imprinted genes that are affected may play important roles in the foetal response to undernutrition and potentially its long-term sequelae. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • First, a bioinformatic approach was performed to identify genes of interest (γ-ECS, GS, GR, GPX and GST) from different databases, including the reproductive transcriptome of the olive tree (reprOlive), and after using an experimental validation carried out by PCR using oligonucleotides designed on the basis of partial sequences and 3'/5'-RACE. (ugr.es)
  • Microarray analysis is one such powerful method that is widely used to identify genes that are expressed differently in two or more conditions (disease vs. normal). (bvsalud.org)
  • they set potential limitations and possibilities which interact with specific environmental experiences to shape developmental trajectories. (scienceoxygen.com)
  • Heterogeneity is generated both passively, e.g. by differential gene expression in cells of a tissue, and actively, such as the generation of the immense variation for immunological recognition molecules. (researchsquare.com)
  • In summary, the macronucleus is a vital organelle within Paramecium cells that controls gene expression, cellular functions, reproduction, cellular differentiation, and environmental adaptation. (philosophynews.com)
  • By analyzing the methylomes and transcriptomes of 14 fetal and 181 adult livers, we identified 657 differentially methylated genes with adult-specific expression, these genes were enriched for transcription factor binding sites of HNF1A and HNF4A. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of these targets is the transcription factor AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17 (ARF17), which is thought to repress the expression of a number of other genes involved in auxin responses. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Iroquois transcription factor gene IRX3 is highly expressed in 20â€"30\% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and contributes to the pathognomonic differentiation block. (diagenode.com)
  • [ 4 ] The 6 genes involved in WS are PAX3 (encoding the paired box 3 transcription factor), MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), EDN3 (endothelin 3), EDNRB (endothelin receptor type B), SOX10 (encoding the Sry bOX10 transcription factor), and SNAI2 (snail homolog 2), with different frequencies. (medscape.com)
  • Gene regulation by steroid hormones plays important roles in health and disease. (sdbonline.org)
  • Enrichment of modifications in each metabolic domain, relative to all the genes in the genome, revealed both shared and diverse patterns. (biorxiv.org)
  • In contrast, metabolic genes involved in specialized and hormone metabolic domains, which are generally involved in interactions with biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli, showed distinct patterns with the enrichment of a repression mark H3K27me3 and an activation mark H3K18ac ( Fig. 1B ). (biorxiv.org)
  • The enrichment patterns of epigenetic modifications were consistent with expression levels of genes involved in each domain under healthy conditions (Fig. S1A). (biorxiv.org)
  • Furthermore, differences in expression between nymphs and adults of the cockroach were compared to differences in expression between workers and reproductives of the three termites, to gain insights into how expression patterns changed along with the evolution of castes. (nature.com)
  • A mutant of Arabidopsis lacking the triose-phosphate/phosphate translocator reveals metabolic regulation of starch breakdown in the light. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is well-documented that (bio)chemical reaction capacity of raw potato starch depends on crystallinity, morphology and other chemical and physical properties of starch granules, and these properties are closely related to gene functions. (peerj.com)
  • The GWD gene, which is known to regulate starch phosphorylation-dephosphorylation, participates in the regulation of a number of morphological traits, rather than one specific trait. (peerj.com)
  • We therefore analyse the role of imprinted genes in multiple tissues in two affected generations of an established murine model of the developmental origins of health and disease using microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • For prerequisite biochemistry courses taken in institutions other than UNM, to be successful in medical school, it is recommended that the course(s) include the study of molecules and metabolic reactions that take place within the cell and how these reactions are regulated by physiology. (unm.edu)
  • Developmental programming occurs when nutrition and other environmental exposures affect prenatal or early postnatal development, causing structural or functional changes that persist to influence health throughout life. (bcm.edu)
  • Disability may be developmental or acquired and may arise from prenatal damage, perinatal factors, acquired neonatal factors and early childhood factors. (who.int)
  • miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II into long primary miRNA transcripts, termed pri-miRNAs that are usually several kilobases long and possess a 5' CAP and a poly(A) tail. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we aimed to understand the significance of synergistic miRNA-miRNA interactions in rice by constructing and analysing metabolic networks. (bvsalud.org)
  • We have demonstrated the molecular mechanism underlying the nutrient-dependent expression of a Dilp gene. (riken.jp)
  • To further understand the mechanism of the developmental switch from fronds to turions, we cloned and sequenced the genes of three large-subunit ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases ( APLs ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
  • Arabidopsis ago1 mutants lacking the AGO1 protein have numerous severe developmental defects, supporting the notion that regulation by microRNAs is critical for normal plant growth. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Using camalexin biosynthesis genes as an example, we confirmed that these two modifications were co-localized to form bivalent chromatin. (biorxiv.org)
  • Our study suggests that this type of bivalent chromatin, which we name a kairostat, controls the precise timing of gene expression upon stimuli. (biorxiv.org)
  • This results in a more open or "relaxed" chromatin structure, enabling greater access for the transcription machinery, thereby promoting gene expression. (prohealth.com)
  • Contrary to the prevalent model, recruitment of the dMi-2 corepressor increases upon hormone addition to constrain gene activation through chromatin remodelling. (sdbonline.org)
  • Chia () Gene Expression Atlas Elucidates Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Changes Associated With Plant Growth and Development. (oregonstate.edu)
  • These changes were correlated with dramatic development defects in leaves, roots, and flowers, showing that microRNA-mediated regulation of ARF17 is essential for normal plant development. (sciencedaily.com)
  • with these three reports, we are beginning to understand the consequences of this regulation for the development of the plant. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Studies indicate that there are diverse plant developmental systems and a consortium of plant cell culture models being analyzed by different research centers. (essaywriter.org)
  • Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
  • At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
  • Epi-", a Greek term meaning "above" or "on top of," in the term epigenetics , refers to modifications that do not change the DNA sequence itself but can turn genes on or off, affecting how transcription factors read genes. (prohealth.com)
  • Since the first microRNA was identified in 1993 by Victor Ambros and colleagues (the lin-4 heterochronic gene in C. Elegans ), more than 24,000 microRNAs have now been identified. (mdpi.com)
  • In multicellular organisms, gene regulation drives cellular differentiation and morphogenesis in the embryo, leading to the creation of different cell types that possess different gene expression profiles from the same genome sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hub genes targeted by a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) were further analyzed to reveal their role in the overall survival of cancer patients. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surprisingly, specialized metabolic genes, often involved in defense, were predominantly regulated by two modifications that have opposite effects on gene expression, H3K27me3 (repression) and H3K18ac (activation). (biorxiv.org)
  • Evidence has emerged that environmentally-induced epigenetic changes can have long-lasting effects on gene transcription across generations. (diagenode.com)
  • New research claims that environmental factors affect not just an individual's genes but those of their offspring too. (cdc.gov)
  • Thus, the autocrine action of IGF2 regulates adult β-cell mass and function to preserve in vivo GSIS in aging and to adapt β-cell mass in response to metabolic stress, pregnancy hormones, and acute induction of insulin resistance. (unige.ch)
  • The resemblance between the metabolic abnormalities of these extreme states of adiposity underscores the importance of fat tissue in energy homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • These abnormalities may be caused by environmental factors that affect the mother, or are inherited via abnormal genes from the carrier or affected parent. (who.int)
  • [ 6 ] Therefore, mutations in the PAX3 gene could affect regulation of the MITF gene, leading to abnormalities of melanocyte differentiation. (medscape.com)
  • Here, the concept of poikilosis allowed development of a model for biological regulation applicable to all types of regulated systems. (researchsquare.com)
  • Here, a new model and explanation is provided for biological regulation, applicable at any level of regulation, system and organism. (researchsquare.com)
  • In this chapter, we will go over how to identify disease-causing culprit genes from the raw microarray data, using various packages of R programming. (bvsalud.org)
  • Through its role in gene expression and regulation, the macronucleus enables Paramecium to respond to various stimuli, including changes in temperature, pH, and nutrient availability. (philosophynews.com)
  • Comparative analyses of its 38.5-megabase genome, which encodes 13,210 predicted genes, reveal the species's unique wood-degrading machinery. (nature.com)
  • The complex then cleaves the mRNA into smaller pieces, thereby preventing translation of the protein it encodes, and thus inhibiting or "silencing" gene expression. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Gene regulation is essential for viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes as it increases the versatility and adaptability of an organism by allowing the cell to express protein when needed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell proliferation and differentiation in each tissue and organ are kept under strict regulation, both spatially and temporally. (riken.jp)
  • A broad metabolic network is responsible of maintaining redox homeostasis as well as of keeping a high level of glutathione at the reduced state (GSH), which is the main form within the cell. (ugr.es)
  • With this aim, new genomic and proteomic approaches have been used and the expression of the most relevant gene products has analyzed, as well as their activity, molecular characteristics and cell localization by using a broad panel of molecular, biochemical and cell methods available. (ugr.es)
  • The macronucleus is closely associated with this process and determines the developmental fate of the cell. (philosophynews.com)
  • Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)